Quenching of Central Galaxies in the Next Generation Illustris - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Quenching of Central Galaxies in the Next Generation Illustris Simulations (IllustrisTNG) Rainer Weinberger Rainer Weinberger (Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies) � Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS) � The role of gas in galaxy dynamics — Valetta, Malta � Volker Springel, Rüdiger Pakmor (HITS), Lars Hernquist, Jill Naiman (CfA, Harvard), � xx/10/2017 Federico Marinacci, Paul Torrey, Mark Vogelsberger (MIT), � Annalisa Pillepich (MPIA), Dylan Nelson (MPA), � Shy Genel (CCA) � Oct. 06, 2017 The Role of Gas in Galaxy Dynamics — Valletta http://www.tng-project.org movie: Mark Vogelsberger, IllustrisTNG collaboration

The IllustrisTNG simulations — details • Updated model for galaxy formation physics New model for AGN feedback - • Magnetohydrodynamics • Extended scope 
 (3 different boxes)

The IllustrisTNG simulations — the black hole model 10 0 thermal two-mode AGN � 10 � 1 feedback 
 M Edd 10 � 2 kinetic • low mass, high 
 M Bondi / ˙ 10 � 3 accretion rate: 
 ˙ thermal 
 10 � 4 (rather inefficient) 
 10 � 5 RW et al. (2017) 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 • high mass, low 
 n [cm − 3 ] T [K] M BH [M � ] 10 0 accretion rate: 
 10 9 10 − 1 10 − 2 10 8 kinetic 
 10 − 3 10 7 10 − 4 | v | [km s − 1 ] M (very efficient) 10 1 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 0

The IllustrisTNG simulations — the black hole model Yuan et al. (2015) two-mode AGN � feedback 
 • low mass, high 
 Mukherjee et al (2016) 4.00 accretion rate: 
 8.00 5 Time: 1.65 Myr thermal 
 7.33 4 (rather inefficient) 
 6.67 Log[T (K)] Z (kpc) 3 6.00 RW et al. (2017) • high mass, low 
 2 5.33 n [cm − 3 ] T [K] 10 0 accretion rate: 
 10 9 10 − 1 4.67 1 10 − 2 10 8 kinetic 
 10 − 3 4.00 10 7 -2 -1 0 1 2 10 − 4 | v | [km s − 1 ] M (very efficient) X (kpc) 10 1 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 0

Observed and simulated signatures of quiescence 4.0 1.0 SDSS z<0.1 3.5 TNG100-1 0.8 • Use galaxy colors (g-r) color [ mag ] (u-i) color [ mag ] 3.0 0.6 2.5 proxy of star formation 2.0 0.4 rate 1.5 0.2 1.0 • Comparison to SDSS 0.5 0.0 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 M ⋆ [ log M sun ] M ⋆ [ log M sun ] Nelson et al. (2017) 0.6 3.5 1.0 fid no kin. • Kinetic AGN feedback 0.9 0.5 3.0 0.8 is necessary to get a (u-r) color [ mag ] (r-i) color [ mag ] 0.4 2.5 0.7 color bimodality 0.6 B - V 0.3 2.0 0.5 0.2 0.4 1.5 0.3 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 10 9 10 10 10 11 10 12 RW et al. (2017) M ⋆ [ log M sun ] M ⋆ [ log M sun ] M ? [M � ]

AGN feedback in massive galaxies -7 z=4 z=2 -8 -9 log 10 (specific star formation rate [yr � 1 ]) -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -7 z=1 z=0 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 9.5 10.5 11.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 log 10 (stellar mass [M � ])

AGN feedback in massive galaxies - quenching -7 z=4 z=2 -8 -9 log 10 (specific star formation rate [yr � 1 ]) -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -7 z=1 z=0 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 9.5 10.5 11.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 log 10 (stellar mass [M � ]) RW et al. (in prep.) 45 rate [10 − 6 Mpc − 3 Gyr − 1 ] 1.0 40 35 fraction ( > t ) 0.8 30 25 0.6 20 0.4 15 10 0.2 5 0.0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 lookback time of quenching [Gyr]

AGN feedback in massive galaxies - quenching 10 0 -7 z=4 z=2 -8 -9 log 10 (specific star formation rate [yr � 1 ]) -10 50% -11 -12 -13 -14 -7 z=1 z=0 -8 -9 -10 CDF 10 − 1 -11 -12 -13 -14 not cooling 9.5 10.5 11.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 log 10 (stellar mass [M � ]) important loss RW et al. (in prep.) 45 rate [10 − 6 Mpc − 3 Gyr − 1 ] 1.0 40 35 fraction ( > t ) 0.8 30 25 0.6 20 thermal 10 − 2 0.4 15 10 10 40 10 41 10 42 10 43 10 44 10 45 10 46 10 47 0.2 5 0.0 0 energy injection during quenching [erg s − 1 ] 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 lookback time of quenching [Gyr]

AGN feedback in massive galaxies - quenching 10 0 -7 z=4 z=2 -8 -9 log 10 (specific star formation rate [yr � 1 ]) -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -7 z=1 z=0 -8 -9 -10 CDF 10 − 1 -11 -12 -13 -14 9.5 10.5 11.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 log 10 (stellar mass [M � ]) RW et al. (in prep.) 45 rate [10 − 6 Mpc − 3 Gyr − 1 ] 1.0 40 35 fraction ( > t ) 0.8 30 thermal 25 0.6 20 kinetic 10 − 2 0.4 15 10 10 40 10 41 10 42 10 43 10 44 10 45 10 46 10 47 0.2 5 0.0 0 energy injection during quenching [erg s − 1 ] 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 lookback time of quenching [Gyr]

AGN feedback in massive galaxies - quenching 10 0 -7 z=4 z=2 -8 -9 log 10 (specific star formation rate [yr � 1 ]) -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -7 z=1 z=0 -8 -9 -10 CDF 10 − 1 -11 -12 -13 -14 9.5 10.5 11.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 log 10 (stellar mass [M � ]) RW et al. (in prep.) 45 rate [10 − 6 Mpc − 3 Gyr − 1 ] 1.0 40 35 fraction ( > t ) 0.8 30 thermal 25 0.6 20 kinetic 10 − 2 0.4 15 10 10 40 10 41 10 42 10 43 10 44 10 45 10 46 10 47 0.2 5 0.0 0 energy injection during quenching [erg s − 1 ] 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 lookback time of quenching [Gyr] kinetic feedback quenches galaxies

AGN feedback in massive galaxies - quiescence 10 0 -7 z=4 z=2 -8 -9 log 10 (specific star formation rate [yr � 1 ]) -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -7 z=1 z=0 -8 -9 -10 CDF 10 − 1 -11 -12 -13 -14 9.5 10.5 11.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 log 10 (stellar mass [M � ]) RW et al. (in prep.) 45 rate [10 − 6 Mpc − 3 Gyr − 1 ] 1.0 40 35 fraction ( > t ) thermal 0.8 30 kinetic 25 0.6 20 quiescent 10 − 2 0.4 15 10 10 40 10 41 10 42 10 43 10 44 10 45 10 46 10 47 0.2 5 0.0 0 energy injection during quenching [erg s − 1 ] 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 lookback time of quenching [Gyr] kinetic feedback keeps galaxies quiescent

AGN feedback in massive galaxies - star forming 10 0 -7 z=4 z=2 -8 -9 log 10 (specific star formation rate [yr � 1 ]) -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -7 z=1 z=0 -8 -9 -10 CDF 10 − 1 -11 -12 -13 -14 9.5 10.5 11.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 log 10 (stellar mass [M � ]) RW et al. (in prep.) 45 rate [10 − 6 Mpc − 3 Gyr − 1 ] 1.0 40 35 fraction ( > t ) thermal 0.8 30 kinetic 25 0.6 20 star forming 10 − 2 0.4 15 10 10 40 10 41 10 42 10 43 10 44 10 45 10 46 10 47 0.2 5 0.0 0 energy injection during quenching [erg s − 1 ] 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 lookback time of quenching [Gyr] thermal feedback in star forming galaxies

AGN feedback in massive galaxies 10 0 -7 z=4 z=2 -8 -9 log 10 (specific star formation rate [yr � 1 ]) -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -7 z=1 z=0 -8 -9 -10 CDF 10 − 1 -11 -12 -13 -14 9.5 10.5 11.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 log 10 (stellar mass [M � ]) RW et al. (in prep.) 45 rate [10 − 6 Mpc − 3 Gyr − 1 ] 1.0 40 thermal 35 fraction ( > t ) kinetic 0.8 30 quiescent 25 0.6 20 star forming 10 − 2 0.4 15 10 10 40 10 41 10 42 10 43 10 44 10 45 10 46 10 47 0.2 5 0.0 0 energy injection during quenching [erg s − 1 ] 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 lookback time of quenching [Gyr]

What does this mean for galaxies? • Need low accretion rates to trigger quenching � ‣ Gas fueling an AGN does not help to quench a galaxy

Major mergers and quenching of galaxies Di Matteo et al. (2005) F IG . 1.— An schematic outline of the phases of growth in a “typical” galaxy undergoing a gas-rich major merger. Image Credit: (a) NOAO/AURA/NSF; (b) REU program/NOAO/AURA/NSF; (c) NASA/STScI/ACS Science Team; (d) Optical (left): NASA/STScI/R. P. van der Marel & J. Gerssen; X-ray (right): NASA/CXC/MPE/S. Komossa et al.; (e) Left: J. Bahcall/M. Disney/NASA; Right: Gem- Redshift ini Observatory/NSF/University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy; (f) J. Bahcall/M. Disney/NASA; (g) F. Schweizer (CIW/DTM); (h) NOAO/AURA/NSF. 6 4 3 2.5 Hopkins et al. (2008) Main sequence 10 -8 BH+SNe, sSFR/yr -1 Enhanced merger 10 -9 10 -10 BH accretion switched off 10 -11 Pontzen et al. (2017) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 t/Gyr

Do major gas rich mergers quench galaxies? -7 z=4 z=2 -8 -9 log 10 (specific star formation rate [yr � 1 ]) -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -7 z=1 z=0 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 9.5 10.5 11.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 log 10 (stellar mass [M � ]) RW et al. (in prep.) 45 rate [10 − 6 Mpc − 3 Gyr − 1 ] 1.0 40 35 fraction ( > t ) 0.8 30 25 0.6 20 0.4 15 10 0.2 5 0.0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 lookback time of quenching [Gyr]

Do major gas rich mergers quench galaxies? -7 9 z=4 z=2 -8 1.0 -9 8 [10 − 5 Mpc − 3 Gyr − 1 ] log 10 (specific star formation rate [yr � 1 ]) -10 7 -11 fraction ( > t ) 0.8 -12 6 -13 -14 5 0.6 -7 z=1 z=0 4 -8 -9 0.4 3 -10 -11 2 0.2 -12 -13 1 -14 0.0 0 9.5 10.5 11.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 log 10 (stellar mass [M � ]) RW et al. (in prep.) -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 45 rate [10 − 6 Mpc − 3 Gyr − 1 ] 1.0 time between merger and quenching [Gyr] 40 35 fraction ( > t ) 0.8 30 25 0.6 20 most of the quenching events are not � 0.4 15 10 triggered by galaxy major mergers 0.2 5 0.0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 lookback time of quenching [Gyr]

Conclusions • IllustrisTNG reproduces colors of central galaxies • Quenching via kinetic feedback at (moderately) low accretion rates • Luminous AGN do not cause quenching! • Most quenching events not triggered by a 
 (gas rich) major merger