Quartz Sensors for I Sensors for Improved mproved Quartz Disaster - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Quartz Sensors for I Sensors for Improved mproved Quartz Disaster - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 06, 2023 488 likes •861 views

Quartz Sensors for I Sensors for Improved mproved Quartz Disaster Warning Systems Disaster Warning Systems and Geodetic Measurements and Geodetic Measurements Paroscientific and Quartz Seismic Sensors Quartz Crystal Resonators Convert

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Quartz Quartz Sensors for I

Sensors for Improved mproved Disaster Warning Systems Disaster Warning Systems and Geodetic Measurements and Geodetic Measurements

Paroscientific and Quartz Seismic Sensors

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Paroscientific, Inc. Paroscientific, Inc.

Quartz Crystal Resonators Convert Analog Forces to Digital Outputs with Parts per Billion Resolution

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Paroscientific, Inc. Paroscientific, Inc.

Torsional Resonator Temperature Sensors

Electrical Excitation Pads Surface Electrodes Dual Tine Resonators Mounting Pad Applied Load

Double-Ended Tuning Fork Force Sensors

Dual Torsionally Oscillating Tines

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Nano-Resolution Full-scale PSD Spectrum for Pressure Sensors, Accelerometers, & Tiltmeters

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Goals Goals

Improved disaster warning times for earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and extreme weather events Improved geodetic measurements for scientific research and predictions of natural disasters Improved disaster warning times for earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and extreme weather events Improved geodetic measurements for scientific research and predictions of natural disasters “Geophysical measurements can now be made with unprecedented clarity from beneath the seafloor, to the ocean bottom, through the water column, and through the atmosphere in a single coherent array”

John Delaney

Solutions Solutions

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Quartz Sensors Solutions for Improved Quartz Sensors Solutions for Improved Disaster Warning Systems and Geodesy Disaster Warning Systems and Geodesy

  • Pressure Sensors
  • Triaxial Accelerometers
  • Tiltmeters
  • Nano-Resolution Electronics
  • In-situ Calibration Methods

Measurements in Boreholes on Land Measurements on the Sea-floor Measurements in Boreholes Underneath the Sea-floor Measurements on the Surface of Land and Through the Atmosphere

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Examples of Nano Examples of Nano-

  • Resolution Measurements

Resolution Measurements Atmospheric

Measure absolute barometric pressure fluctuations to nano-bars for infrasound detection of tsunamis, extreme weather, & eruptions.

Oceanic

Measure water level fluctuations to microns with absolute deep-sea depth sensors for detection of tsunamis and seafloor movement.

Seismic

Measure acceleration to nano-g’s with 3 g full-scale strong motion sensors and tilt to less than 1 nano-radian with +/- 9 degrees Quartz Tiltmeters.

Atmospheric

Measure absolute barometric pressure fluctuations to nano-bars for infrasound detection of tsunamis, extreme weather, & eruptions.

Oceanic

Measure water level fluctuations to microns with absolute deep-sea depth sensors for detection of tsunamis and seafloor movement.

Seismic

Measure acceleration to nano-g’s with 3 g full-scale strong motion sensors and tilt to less than 1 nano-radian with +/- 9 degrees Quartz Tiltmeters.

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Paroscientific, Inc. Paroscientific, Inc.

Atmospheric Measurements

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Paroscientific, Inc. Paroscientific, Inc.

Pacific Ocean Microbaroms Using IIR Filter Pacific Ocean Microbaroms Using IIR Filter

Residual Noise Between Two Independent Barometers = 0.4 mPa

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5:57:00 5:57:05 5:57:10 5:57:15 5:57:20 5:57:25 5:57:30 99464 99465 99466 99467 99468 99469 99470 99471

Absolute Pressure (Pascal) Time (PDT) April 20, 2010

Space Shuttle Pressure Signature

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  • 6
  • 4
  • 2

2 4 6 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200

Seconds after 10/3/09 8:00 UTC Pa

Sakurajima Eruption Measured 1000 km Away at Nuclear Test Monitoring Site

Photo Courtesy of Martin Rietze

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Paroscientific, Inc. Paroscientific, Inc.

Infrasound Detection of Tsunamis Infrasound Detection of Tsunamis

Plot courtesy of Dr. Nobuo Arai

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Infrasound signals associated with the outer-rise earthquake of Oct. 25, 2013 were detected.

Outer‐rise earthquake (Mw=7.1) 2013/10/25 17:10 (UTC) , 10/26 02:10 (JST) Observed tsunamis : Kuji 18:23 (UTC) 40 cm & Souma 18:38 (UTC) 40 cm Outer‐rise earthquake (Mw=7.1) 2013/10/25 17:10 (UTC) , 10/26 02:10 (JST) Observed tsunamis : Kuji 18:23 (UTC) 40 cm & Souma 18:38 (UTC) 40 cm

Ohfunato-chu Ryouri-chu Kuji Souma

Earthquake Infrasound Tsunami Infrasound

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System for Monitoring the Acoustic Signals of Snow Avalanches

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6000-16B (Paroscientific)

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sprite well-developed thunderclouds lightning tornado precipitation hail vortex rotation microbarograph array

microbarograph array

microbarograph array

Nano Baro

Monitoring Severe Weather with Infrasound Observation Network

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Tornado detection with Nano Baro

UMass - CASA radar network in Oklahoma

The main objectives of CASA’s Oklahoma radar network was tornado early detection

It had been shown (e.g., Bedard) that tornadoes produce infrasound (~1Hz sound waves)

We deployed infrasound arrays at two of the Oklahoma radar sites 

Results (presented at AMS in New Orleans and the EGU in Vienna)

Verified the ability of the Paroscientific barometers to detect distant tornadoes

Verified the ability of the Paroscientific barometers to detect wind turbine infrasound emissions

Infrasound signature from a tornado Infrasound signature from a windfarm Courtesy of David Pepyne

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Paroscientific, Inc. Paroscientific, Inc.

GPS Meteorology

GPS Determination of Precipitable Water Vapor

  • Measure Total Delay = Ionospheric + Neutral Delays
  • Ionospheric Delay (frequency dependent) determined by

comparing L1 & L2 GPS signals

  • Neutral Delay=Wet Delay + Hydrostatic Delay

(Barometric Pressure, Temperature, Humidity dependent)

  • Calculate Precipitable Water Vapor from Wet Delay
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GPS-MET and Nano Baro for Flood Forecasting

 Improved flood forecasting

benefits from a radar network coupled with a hydrologic model

 A key variable for precipitation

forecasting is atmospheric water content

 High spatial-temporal resolution

estimates of atmospheric water content can be made with GPS- meteorology

Dallas Floodway

Street flooding North of DFW, Jan. 2012

Courtesy of David Pepyne

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Paroscientific, Inc. Paroscientific, Inc.

Oceanic Measurements

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Paroscientific, Inc. Paroscientific, Inc.

Photos and Diagrams courtesy of N.O.A.A.

DART Data Buoy Tsunami Warning System

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Paroscientific, Inc. Paroscientific, Inc.

Comparison Comparison Nano Nano-

  • Resolution Depth Sensor

Resolution Depth Sensor / BPR / BPR (with offset) (with offset)

1299.43 1299.44 1299.45 1299.46 1299.47 1299.48 1299.49 1299.50 1299.51 19:49 19:50 19:51 19:52 19:53 19:54 19:55 19:56 19:57 19:58 19:59 20:00 20:01

psi

Comparison Nano Comparison Nano-

  • Resolution Depth Sensor / Standard BPR

Resolution Depth Sensor / Standard BPR

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Paroscientific, Inc. Paroscientific, Inc.

Tohoku Tsunami Measured in Monterey Tohoku Tsunami Measured in Monterey California with Nano California with Nano-

  • Resolution Depth Sensor

Resolution Depth Sensor

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3-9 Precursor to 3-11 Tsunami

Plot courtesy of Dr. Ryota Hino

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Paroscientific, Inc. Paroscientific, Inc.

DONET Bottom Pressure during the 2 0 1 1 Tohoku Earthquake

A-2 A-3 A-4 B-5 B-6 B-8 C-9 D-1 6 E-1 7 E-1 8

▋Originals

Plot courtesy of Dr. Hiroyuki Matsumoto

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SLIDE 27

Paroscientific, Inc. Paroscientific, Inc.

Seismic Measurements

Quartz Seismic Sensors, Inc.

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Quartz Triaxial Accelerometers & Tiltmeters Quartz Triaxial Accelerometers & Tiltmeters

Applications:

  • Land-based earthquake detection and geodetic research
  • Ocean-based measurements for tsunami warning systems and geodesy
  • Seismo-acoustic measuring systems with nano-resolution barometers

Advantages:

  • Parts-per-billion resolution over a broad spectrum
  • High ranges to measure strongest events (no clipping)
  • High accuracy and low power consumption (1 ma at 3.6 V)
  • In-situ 1 G referenced calibration methods to eliminate drift
  • Excellent long-term stability and insensitivity to environmental errors

Applications:

  • Land-based earthquake detection and geodetic research
  • Ocean-based measurements for tsunami warning systems and geodesy
  • Seismo-acoustic measuring systems with nano-resolution barometers

Advantages:

  • Parts-per-billion resolution over a broad spectrum
  • High ranges to measure strongest events (no clipping)
  • High accuracy and low power consumption (1 ma at 3.6 V)
  • In-situ 1 G referenced calibration methods to eliminate drift
  • Excellent long-term stability and insensitivity to environmental errors
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M9 Honshu Earthquake 11 Mar 2011 05:50-06:50 UTC Recorded with Nano-Resolution Accelerometer in Seattle, WA USA

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

minutes 50 micro-g per division

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Earth Tides Measured with Nano Earth Tides Measured with Nano-

  • Resolution Quartz Accelerometer

Resolution Quartz Accelerometer

Plots courtesy of Dr. Yuichi Imanishi

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Paroscientific, Inc. Paroscientific, Inc.

OFF MIYAGI PREF 130804 6.0/5.8 131025 FAR E OFF NORTH HONSHU 7.1/7.1 A total AX AY AZ AX AY AZ

1000 s

BBOBS‐Z BBOBS‐X DPG OBT‐X OBT‐Y BBOBS‐Y BBOBS‐Z BBOBS‐X DPG OBT‐X OBT‐Y BBOBS‐Y

1000 s 1000 s 1000 s

A total

Offsets without internal alignment matrix No offsets with aligned axes Clipped Clipped Rise time ~30s Rise time ~30s Plots Courtesy of Dr. Yoshio Fukao

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In In-

  • situ Calibration Methods for

situ Calibration Methods for Improved Geodetic Measurements Improved Geodetic Measurements

Stable Long-term Measurements of Earth Movement to 1 cm/year Using Drift Compensation of Absolute Depth Sensors and/or Triaxial Accelerometers for Tilt

Depth Sensor Stability Referenced to Internal OBS Atmospheric Pressure ( A-0-A Calibration Method ) 1 G Referenced Seismology ( Triaxial Accelerometer Axes Compared to the Invariant 1 G Gravity Vector )

Stable Long-term Measurements of Earth Movement to 1 cm/year Using Drift Compensation of Absolute Depth Sensors and/or Triaxial Accelerometers for Tilt

Depth Sensor Stability Referenced to Internal OBS Atmospheric Pressure ( A-0-A Calibration Method ) 1 G Referenced Seismology ( Triaxial Accelerometer Axes Compared to the Invariant 1 G Gravity Vector )

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In In-

  • situ Calibration Methods for

situ Calibration Methods for Improved Geodetic Measurements Improved Geodetic Measurements

Depth Sensor Stability Referenced to Internal OBS Atmospheric Pressure Using A-0-A Calibration Method Depth Sensor Stability Referenced to Internal OBS Atmospheric Pressure Using A-0-A Calibration Method

Drift at Full Scale (A = 100 MPa), Drift at 0 (8 points linearly connected) & Residuals

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  • 30
  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

5 11/17/2014 12/7/2014 12/27/2014 1/16/2015 2/5/2015 2/25/2015 3/17/2015 4/6/2015 4/26/2015

Time [Date] Drift relative to first A-0-A [ppm]

  • 2
  • 1.5
  • 1
  • 0.5

0.5 1 1.5

Residuals [ppm]

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In In-

  • situ Calibration Methods for

situ Calibration Methods for Improved Geodetic Measurements Improved Geodetic Measurements

Triaxial Acceleration Vector Referenced to 1 G of Earth Triaxial Acceleration Vector Referenced to 1 G of Earth

9.80680 9.80690 9.80700 9.80710 9.80720 9.80730 9.80740 10/18/2014 10/28/2014 11/7/2014 11/17/2014 11/27/2014 12/7/2014 12/17/2014 12/27/2014 1/6/2015 G-vector (m/s^2) x y z

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Quartz Crystal Pressure Sensors, Triaxial Quartz Crystal Pressure Sensors, Triaxial Accelerometers, and Tiltmeters provide: Accelerometers, and Tiltmeters provide:

Improved disaster warning times for earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and extreme weather events Improved geodetic measurements for scientific research and predictions of natural disasters Low-cost measurement solutions for new and existing cabled, remote, and mobile platforms Improved disaster warning times for earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and extreme weather events Improved geodetic measurements for scientific research and predictions of natural disasters Low-cost measurement solutions for new and existing cabled, remote, and mobile platforms

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Paroscientific, Inc. Paroscientific, Inc. Quartz Seismic Sensors, Inc. Quartz Seismic Sensors, Inc.

4500 148th Ave. N.E. 4500 148th Ave. N.E. Redmond, WA 98052 Redmond, WA 98052 www.paroscientific.com www.paroscientific.com