SLIDE 1
Protein Folding
- Proteins have unique 3-dimensional shapes
created by the twisting or folding of one or more polypeptide chains
- The structure of a protein enables it to
Protein Folding Protein Folding Proteins have unique 3-dimensional - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Protein Folding Protein Folding Proteins have unique 3-dimensional - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Protein Folding Protein Folding Proteins have unique 3-dimensional shapes created by the twisting or folding of one or more polypeptide chains The structure of a protein enables it to recognize and bind to other molecules Protein
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SLIDE 3
Protein Folding
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Shape Determines Function
SLIDE 5
Shape Determines Function
SLIDE 6
Shape Determines Function
SLIDE 7
Protein Structure
- Primary Structure
- Secondary Structure
- Tertiary Structure
- Quaternary Structure
SLIDE 8
Primary Structure
- Determined by the sequence of a chain of
amino acids held together by peptide bonds
SLIDE 9
Secondary Structure
- Involves regions of coiling (α-helices) or
folding (β-pleated sheets) of the polypeptide
- Stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the
carboxyl and amino groups of amino acids
SLIDE 10
Tertiary Structure
- Results from interactions between the various
side chains (R groups)
- Ionic bonds between positive (+) and negative
(-) side chains
- Hydrophobic interactions between nonpolar
side chains (repelled by water), clump together
- Hydrogen bonds between polar side chains
- Disulfide bridges between the sulfhydryl groups
- f cysteine amino acids
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Tertiary Structure
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Quaternary Structure
- Occurs in proteins that are composed of more
than one polypeptide
- Results from the combination of hydrogen
bonding, ionic bonding, and hydrophobic interactions between polypeptide chains
SLIDE 14
Protein Folding Control
- Chaperones and proteasomes are molecules
that act jointly to regulate protein folding and control the selective removal of misfolded proteins from the cell
- Chaperones control the conformational
folding and unfolding of proteins released from ribosomes
- Proteasomes degrade unneeded or damaged
proteins
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Diseases Caused by Misfolded Proteins
- Alzheimer’s Disease
- Parkinson’s
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- Huntington’s Disease
SLIDE 17
Sickle-Cell Anemia Mutation
- Causes hemoglobin molecules to crystallize
when oxygen levels are low
SLIDE 18