PRIORIT Y ARE AS F OR SOCIAL DE VE L OPME NT PE RSPE CT - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

PRIORIT Y ARE AS F OR SOCIAL DE VE L OPME NT

PE RSPE CT IVE S F ROM AF RICA E UNICE

• G. KAMWE

NDO UNDP RE GIONAL BURE AU F OR AF RICA

Outline

 Re fle c tio ns o n so c ia l De ve lo pme nt in Afric a a lo ng the fo llo wing 4 pilla rs:  Gro wth a nd po ve rty re duc tio n (e mplo yme nt, ine q ua litie s)  So c ia l se c to r pro g re ss (he a lth a nd e duc a tio n)  pro g re ss in Go ve rna nc e , pe a c e a nd se c urity (Huma n se c urity)  Re silie nc e b uilding a nd susta ina b le de ve lo pme nt

SSA’s Quic k fac ts

 Six of the wor

ld’s faste st gr

• wing e c onomie s (2015) in SSA – E

thio pia , Ang o la , Gha na , Mo za mb iq ue , K e nya , Nig e ria

 DRC, E

thiopia, Nige r ia a nd T anzania c o nstitute a lmo st 50% o f the

Afric a ’ s po o r

 Countr

ie s with high ine qualitie s (Gini c o e ffic ie nts a b o ve 0.55) – Angola, CAR, Botswana, Zambia, Namibia, Comor

• s and South Afr

ic a

 Rising ine q ua litie s in Cote d’Ivoir

e , South Afr ic a a nd Uganda

 Southe r

n Afr ic a fo llo we d b y Nor th, Ce ntr al, E ast and We st Afr ic a – ha ve

the hig he st une mplo yme nt ra te s

 SSA a c c o unte d fo r 69% (HIV+) a nd 70% HIV r

e late d de aths (2011)

 Hig h ra te o f de a ths fro m the E

bola Vir us, 40% (2015)

 Gre a t pro g re ss in prima ry sc ho o l e nro llme nt ra te s, SSA ha s 38% o f its

a dult po pula tio n la c king b a sic e duc a tio n skills (60% fo r wo me n), in 2010.

Pr

• gr

e ss in Soc ial De ve lopme nt

• 1. Pove r

ty r e duc tion

 Gr

• wth and Pove r

ty: po sitive g ro wth ra te s sinc e 2005 (a ve ra g ing 5% pe r

ye a r), ne c e ssa ry b ut no t suffic ie nt

 SSA o nly ma na g e d to re duc e po ve rty le ve ls b y just unde r 10% (fro m 56%

in 1990, to 48% in 2014).

 SSA la g s b e hind a ll re g io ns. Glo b a l ta rg e t me t in 2010.  Po ve rty re duc e d in a t le a st 24 c o untrie s, no ta b le o ne s Gambia, Bur

kina F aso, Nige r , Swaziland, E thiopia, Uganda, Malawi

 I

nc re a se s in CAR, Ke nya, Maur

itania, Nige r ia, Zambia, Madagasc ar , sie r r a L e one

Soc ial De ve lopme nt Pr

• gr

e ss

 Positive gr

• wth ha s he lpe d, ho we ve r, not suffic ie nt

 Afr

ic a’s gr

• wth – a fe w sour

c e s of gr

• wth, la rg e ly e xtra c tive industrie s

whic h ha s no t b e e n tra nsfo rma tio na l e no ug h.

 So fa r, Afric a ’ s tra nsfo rma tio n, has bypasse d industr

ialization – mo ve d

fro m agr

ic ultur e to se r vic e s, mo stly info rma l;

 Gro wth ha s no t ma na g e d to re spo nd to c ha lle ng e s po se d b y shoc ks,

lac k of de c e nt jobs, r apid ur banisation and r ising ine qualitie s.

• 2. Soc ial Se c tor

pr

• gr

e ss



Human De ve lopme nt: pro g re ss in e duc a tio n (prima ry) due to ta rg e te d

inve stme nts (Unive rsa l prima ry e duc a tio n)

 Cha lle ng e s re ma in in pro visio n o f q ua lity o f e duc a tio n a nd ma inta ining

tra nsitio n b e twe e n le ve ls.



He alth: so me a dva nc e me nt in te rms o f a c hie ving so me he a lth ta rg e ts suc h

a s re duc ing the inc ide nc e s o f a nd spre a ding HI V/ AI DS, Ma la ria a nd T B.

 Cha lle ng e s re ma in in the pro visio n o f q ua lity he a lth c a re a nd a ffe c ting

mate rnal and c hild he alth.



F

• rmal a nd informal institutio ns ha ve pla ye d a c ritic a l ro le in the two a re a s



T ransforming institutions – in e duc a tio n, he a lth, info rma l institutio ns to

re spo nd to so c ia l de ve lo pme nt, a n impe ra tive .

 (HIV/ AIDS/ E

bola/ e duc ational inte rve ntions) – a mix o f fo rma l a nd info rma l

institutio na l re spo nse s pla ye d a c ritic a l ro le .

• 3. Human Se c ur

ity

 I

mpro ve me nts in huma n se c urity in Afric a , fro m initia l c o nditio ns – ho we ve r, c ha lle ng e s re ma in.

 At le a st 28 SSA c ountr

ie s e xpe rie nc e d c o nflic t sinc e 1990, do wn to 6 to -

da te ;

 Pro tra c te d c o nflic ts in CAR, South Sudan, Somalia, DRC, Mali –

c o ntrib uting to fra g ility in Afric a .

 Gr

• wing r

adic alization – Nig e ria (Bo ko Ha ra m), K

e nya (Al Sha b a b )

 Unre st c a use d b y mo ving po pula tio ns (mig ra tio n i.e . xe no pho b ic

a tta c ks in SA, mig ra nt de a ths a t se a ); la c k o f jo b s o r hig h infla tio n

 Rising ine q ua litie s  Vulne ra b ilitie s to sho c ks, disa ste rs e tc .  All ha ve the po te ntia l to re ve rse so c ia l pro g re ss

• 4. Building r

e silie nc e

 So me pro g re ss, ho we ve r pa th to wa rds susta ina b le de ve lo pme nt fo r

Afric a re ma ins fra ug ht with risk a nd unc e rta inty

 E

.g . impa c t o f HI V/ AI DS, E b o la , c o nflic ts, c o mmo dity pric e de c line s – dire c t ne g a tive e ffe c ts o n so c ia l de ve lo pme nt

 Afric a ill pre pa re d to de a l with na tura l disa ste rs a nd c lima te c ha ng e

e ffe c ts.

 K

e y issue s 1-3 wo uld he lp b uild re silie nc e

 Also DRR po lic ie s a nd stra te g ie s tha t a re in pla c e a t na tio na l a nd

re g io na l le ve ls, inc luding e a rly wa rning syste ms

Polic y Instr ume nts/ ne w thinking

 Po ve rty c ha lle ng e : ne e d fo r struc tura l tra nsfo rma tio n a nd e c o no mic

tra nsfo rma tio n (inc lusive g ro wth)

 Huma n c a pita l de ve lo pme nt – inve stme nts in q ua lity he a lthc a re ,

e duc a tio n a nd so c ia l pro te c tio n

 Building e ffe c tive institutio ns, inc luding info rma l o ne s – a s a n e na b le r to

de ve lo pme nt

 Re g io na l stra te g ie s to de a l with tra ns-na tio na l/ tra ns-b o rde r issue s (Sa he l,

the Ho rn Afric a , Ce ntra l Afric a pe a c e a nd se c urity initia tive s)

 De ve lo pme nt o f e a rly wa rning syste ms fo r disa ste rs, c o nflic ts e tc . fo r

DRR

Polic y Instr ume nts/ ne w thinking

 Pove r

ty c halle nge : ne e d fo r struc tura l tra nsfo rma tio n e c o no mic

tra nsfo rma tio n (inc lusive g ro wth)

 Human c apital de ve lopme nt – inve stme nts in q ua lity he a lthc a re ,

e duc a tio n a nd so c ia l pro te c tio n

 Building e ffe c tive institutions, inc luding info rma l o ne s – a s a n e na b le r to

de ve lo pme nt

 Re gional str

ate gie s to de al with tr ans- national/ tr ans- bor de r issue s (Sa he l,

the Ho rn Afric a , Ce ntra l Afric a pe a c e a nd se c urity initia tive s)

 De ve lopme nt of e ar

ly war ning syste ms fo r disa ste rs, c o nflic ts e tc . fo r

DRR