Presentation & Public Speaking Main Topics Benefits of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Presentation & Public Speaking Main Topics Benefits of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Presentation & Public Speaking Main Topics Benefits of public speaking Managing communication anxiety Planning the presentation/speech Adapting the audience Find a topic and collecting material Structuring the

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Presentation 
 & 
 Public Speaking

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Main Topics

  • Benefits of public speaking
  • Managing communication anxiety
  • Planning the presentation/speech
  • Adapting the audience
  • Find a topic and collecting material
  • Structuring the presentation/speech

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Main Topics

  • Visualization
  • Media
  • Spoken and body language
  • Voice
  • Speech scenarios
  • Training

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Benefits of Public Speaking

Personal benefits

  • Learn more about yourself
  • Learn about others
  • Learn to be an effective listener
  • Increase your communication abilities
  • Expand your career options
  • Develop your understanding of public issues

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Benefits of Public Speaking

Social benefits Freedom of speech is the most controversial as well as fundamental component in Democracies.

  • In legal settings: guilt and innocence
  • Debate public issues
  • Celebrate special occasions

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Benefits of Public Speaking

Cultural benefits

  • Understand our own and others identities
  • Listen to different voices: discover the different
  • Flavours of a society
  • Expand conversational skills

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3 Key Points of Public Speaking

  • 1. If you want to convince others with a message,

convince them that you are a good person.

  • 2. Use words that your audience will easily

remember.

  • 3. Speak direct, in a conversational way for a better

communication

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Communication Anxiety

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Communication Comfort 13 % 19 % 33 % 36 %

face-to-face

  • n the phone

in a meeting give a presentation

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Communication Anxiety

External factors:

  • Unfamiliarity
  • Importance

Internal factors:

  • Anxiety Sensitivity
  • Perfectionism
  • Audience Misconceptions
  • Dire consequences

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How is Anxiety Expressed?

  • Trembling or shaking 80%
  • Mind going blank 74%
  • Doing or saying something embarrassing 64%
  • Unable to continue talking 63%
  • Not making sense 59%
  • Sounding foolish 59%

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How to Handle these Phenomena?

Negative Consequences:

  • Your main purpose MUST be your message!

Trembling or Shaking:

  • Focus on your message, walk around, use, presentation aids

Mind going blank:

  • Do not memorize your speech, do not write it out!
  • Practise your speech, use keywords on keycards

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How to Handle these Phenomena?

Embarrassing Yourself:

  • You won't be hurt, you will survive ;-)

Unable to continue talking:

  • Concentrate on the friendliest face in the audience and

keep on talking. Not making sense, sounding foolish:

  • Be good prepared in terms of the topic of your speech.

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How to Handle these Phenomena?

Selective Relaxation:

  • 1. Find a calm place, sit down comfortably, relax.
  • 2. Slowly repeating a simple word, once you exhale.
  • 3. Let your mind drift freely.
  • 4. Breath deeply and tense your feet, legs, contract different

muscles.

  • 5. Breath deeply, repeat your word, relax your muscles.
  • 6. Repeat that several times.

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Communication Models

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Listeners' Needs and Interests

Move away 
 from egocentrism!

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Preparing Your Speech

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Step 1: Find Topic

A good topic

  • involves you.
  • involves your listeners.
  • is one you can manage.

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Techniques to Find a Topic

  • Brainstorming
  • Mindmap
  • Personal interest chart

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Techniques to Find a Topic

Topic area inventory chart:

  • personal interest —> audience interest —>possible

topics Media prompts:

  • main topics in different media - find a relation to

personal interests Topic analysis:

  • who, what, when, where, why, how?

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Step 2: Focus topic and collect material

Purpose

  • To inform
  • To persuade
  • Celebration an event, person, etc.

Improve your purpose statement

  • Fresh ideas
  • Time limit
  • No double focus, triviality, technical overload

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Step 2: Focus topic and collect material

Thesis statement: a short summary of your central idea.

  • Summarize in a single sentence the main message
  • f your speech.
  • Keep in mind the purpose of your speech.

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Step 2: Collect material

Acquiring knowledge:

  • Experts, latest developments, local applications of
  • Special interests to your audience

Personal knowledge and experience:

  • What I know / Where I learned it / What I need to find out

Evaluate your material:

  • authority, accuracy, objectivity, currency, coverage

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Step 2: Collect material

  • Facts, statistics, examples, testimony, narratives
  • Conducting research strategy:
  • Develop an overview
  • Build an bibliography
  • Aquire in-depth knowledge
  • Check if your information are up-to-date
  • Focus on local applications

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Step 3: Structuring

Three Techniques for Using Supporting Materials:

  • 1. Comparison:
  • Points out similarities: unfamiliar or controversial
  • 2. Contrast:
  • Emphasizes the differences between or amongthings
  • 3. Analogy:
  • Combines comparisons and contrasts: remote or abstract

ideas

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Step 3: Structuring

  • Balance 3 parts: introduction, body, conclusion
  • Time yourself
  • Order: consistent pattern, logical

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Step 3: Structuring

  • Main points, Sub points: short, direct, clear
  • Arrange these points appropriately:
  • Similarity: group things in categories
  • Proximity: present things in their naturally order
  • Closure: to finish a story, offer a solution, give motivation:
  • 1. Arouse attention
  • 2. Demonstrate a need
  • 3. Show, how the need might be satisfied
  • 4. Visualize the results
  • 5. Call for action

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Step 3: Structuring

  • 1. Use a categorical design that divides a subject into

areas of interest.

  • 2. Use a cause-effect design that pictures a subject

either as the cause of an effect or as the effect of a cause.

  • 3. Use a narrative design that moves from scene to

scene in telling a story. Be sure that you have an effective introduction, body and conclusion.

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Step 3: Structuring

KISS: keep it short and simple

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Step 3: Structuring

Introduction: Attention Getter

  • Acknowledge the audience, location, occasion
  • Involve the audience: ask a question, startle the audience
  • Relate to a personal experience
  • Tell a story, use humor, develop suspense
  • Begin with a quotation
  • Use a presentation aid

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Step 3: Structuring

Introduction: Personal credibility

  • You can seem competent only if you know what you

are talking about.

  • Reference your sources
  • First impression: body language

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Step 3: Structuring

Introduction: Previewing your message

  • Consider your audience, the mood you want to

establish

  • Consider your time frame
  • Consider what you do best

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Step 3: Structuring

Conclusion Techniques:

  • Summarize your message
  • Echo your introduction
  • Involve the audience to remind them of the importance of your message
  • Call for action to get a commitment
  • Ask questions to give something to consider on
  • End with a memorable story, use a quotation
  • Use strategic repetitions to implant your ideas

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Step 4: Visualization

Presentation Aids:

  • Types of presentation aids: people, objects,

models, animals, graphics, pictures

  • Types of presentation media: flip charts, posters,

handouts, transparencies, slides, video, audio, CD, DVD, web, PowerPoint, Keynote, etc.

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Step 4: Visualization

Advantages

  • Enhance understanding
  • To memorize message
  • Establish authenticity
  • Improve your credibility
  • Improve delivery
  • Add variety and interest

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Disadvantages

  • Distract speaker
  • Distract audience
  • Reduce eye contact
  • Damage credibility if sloppy
  • Take time to prepare
  • Depend on equipment
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Step 4: Visualization

Slides:

  • Keep it simple
  • 6 x 6
  • Plain fonts
  • Light on dark
  • Dark on light
  • Run spellchecker

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Step 4: Visualization

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Slides Handouts Title 48 18 Subtitle 32 14 Text 28 12 Footer 20 10

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Analogous scheme

Step 4: Visualization

Complementary scheme

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Step 5: Speech

  • First impression
  • Language: verbal, nonverbal
  • Voice
  • Contact to the audience
  • Question and answers

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Step 6: Training

  • Practise standing up and speak loud
  • Start from your outline
  • Work on maintaining eye contact
  • Practise integrating presentation aids
  • Check time of your speech
  • Dress on and speak in front of friends

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Sources

  • Public Speaking, Osborn & Osborn, Houghton Mifflin

Company, Boston/New York

  • Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety by J. C.

McCroskey, Speech Monographs

  • Colour scheme: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Image:Byrcolorwheel.png

  • Communication model: http://www.schulz-von-thun.de/

mod-komquad.html

  • Speech Outline, Evaluation Sheet: Isabell Schulz, ABS Paris

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Christine Graf cocoate
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 FR-11510 Fitou http://cocoate.com
 info@cocoate.com

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