Presentation & Public Speaking Main Topics Benefits of - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Presentation 
 & 
 Public Speaking

Main Topics • Benefits of public speaking • Managing communication anxiety • Planning the presentation/speech • Adapting the audience • Find a topic and collecting material • Structuring the presentation/speech http://cocoate.com 2

Main Topics • Visualization • Media • Spoken and body language • Voice • Speech scenarios • Training http://cocoate.com 3

Benefits of Public Speaking Personal benefits • Learn more about yourself • Learn about others • Learn to be an effective listener • Increase your communication abilities • Expand your career options • Develop your understanding of public issues http://cocoate.com 4

Benefits of Public Speaking Social benefits Freedom of speech is the most controversial as well as fundamental component in Democracies. • In legal settings: guilt and innocence • Debate public issues • Celebrate special occasions http://cocoate.com 5

Benefits of Public Speaking Cultural benefits • Understand our own and others identities • Listen to different voices: discover the different • Flavours of a society • Expand conversational skills http://cocoate.com 6

3 Key Points of Public Speaking 1. If you want to convince others with a message, convince them that you are a good person. 2. Use words that your audience will easily remember. 3. Speak direct, in a conversational way for a better communication http://cocoate.com 7

Communication Anxiety Communication Comfort face-to-face on the phone in a meeting 13 % give a presentation 36 % 19 % 33 % http://cocoate.com 8

Communication Anxiety External factors: • Unfamiliarity • Importance Internal factors: • Anxiety Sensitivity • Perfectionism • Audience Misconceptions • Dire consequences http://cocoate.com 9

How is Anxiety Expressed? • Trembling or shaking 80% • Mind going blank 74% • Doing or saying something embarrassing 64% • Unable to continue talking 63% • Not making sense 59% • Sounding foolish 59% http://cocoate.com 10

How to Handle these Phenomena? Negative Consequences: • Your main purpose MUST be your message! Trembling or Shaking: • Focus on your message, walk around, use, presentation aids Mind going blank: • Do not memorize your speech, do not write it out! • Practise your speech, use keywords on keycards http://cocoate.com 11

How to Handle these Phenomena? Embarrassing Yourself: • You won't be hurt, you will survive ;-) Unable to continue talking: • Concentrate on the friendliest face in the audience and keep on talking. Not making sense, sounding foolish: • Be good prepared in terms of the topic of your speech. http://cocoate.com 12

How to Handle these Phenomena? Selective Relaxation: 1. Find a calm place, sit down comfortably, relax. 2. Slowly repeating a simple word, once you exhale. 3. Let your mind drift freely. 4. Breath deeply and tense your feet, legs, contract different muscles. 5. Breath deeply, repeat your word, relax your muscles. 6. Repeat that several times. http://cocoate.com 13

Communication Models http://cocoate.com 14

Listeners' Needs and Interests Move away 
 from egocentrism! http://cocoate.com 15

Preparing Your Speech http://cocoate.com 16

Step 1: Find Topic A good topic • involves you. • involves your listeners. • is one you can manage. http://cocoate.com 17

Techniques to Find a Topic • Brainstorming • Mindmap • Personal interest chart http://cocoate.com 18

Techniques to Find a Topic Topic area inventory chart: • personal interest —> audience interest —>possible topics Media prompts: • main topics in different media - find a relation to personal interests Topic analysis: • who, what, when, where, why, how? http://cocoate.com 19

Step 2: Focus topic and collect material Purpose • To inform • To persuade • Celebration an event, person, etc. Improve your purpose statement • Fresh ideas • Time limit • No double focus, triviality, technical overload http://cocoate.com 20

Step 2: Focus topic and collect material Thesis statement: a short summary of your central idea. • Summarize in a single sentence the main message of your speech. • Keep in mind the purpose of your speech. http://cocoate.com 21

Step 2: Collect material Acquiring knowledge: • Experts, latest developments, local applications of • Special interests to your audience Personal knowledge and experience: • What I know / Where I learned it / What I need to find out Evaluate your material: • authority, accuracy, objectivity, currency, coverage http://cocoate.com 22

Step 2: Collect material • Facts, statistics, examples, testimony, narratives • Conducting research strategy: • Develop an overview • Build an bibliography • Aquire in-depth knowledge • Check if your information are up-to-date • Focus on local applications http://cocoate.com 23

Step 3: Structuring Three Techniques for Using Supporting Materials: 1. Comparison: • Points out similarities: unfamiliar or controversial 2. Contrast: • Emphasizes the differences between or amongthings 3. Analogy: • Combines comparisons and contrasts: remote or abstract ideas http://cocoate.com 24

Step 3: Structuring • Balance 3 parts: introduction, body, conclusion • Time yourself • Order: consistent pattern, logical http://cocoate.com 25

Step 3: Structuring • Main points, Sub points: short, direct, clear • Arrange these points appropriately: • Similarity: group things in categories • Proximity: present things in their naturally order • Closure: to finish a story, offer a solution, give motivation: 1. Arouse attention 2. Demonstrate a need 3. Show, how the need might be satisfied 4. Visualize the results 5. Call for action http://cocoate.com 26

Step 3: Structuring 1. Use a categorical design that divides a subject into areas of interest. 2. Use a cause-effect design that pictures a subject either as the cause of an effect or as the effect of a cause. 3. Use a narrative design that moves from scene to scene in telling a story. Be sure that you have an effective introduction, body and conclusion. http://cocoate.com 27

Step 3: Structuring KISS : keep it short and simple http://cocoate.com 28

Step 3: Structuring Introduction: Attention Getter • Acknowledge the audience, location, occasion • Involve the audience: ask a question, startle the audience • Relate to a personal experience • Tell a story, use humor, develop suspense • Begin with a quotation • Use a presentation aid http://cocoate.com 29

Step 3: Structuring Introduction: Personal credibility • You can seem competent only if you know what you are talking about. • Reference your sources • First impression: body language http://cocoate.com 30

Step 3: Structuring Introduction: Previewing your message • Consider your audience, the mood you want to establish • Consider your time frame • Consider what you do best http://cocoate.com 31

Step 3: Structuring Conclusion Techniques: • Summarize your message • Echo your introduction • Involve the audience to remind them of the importance of your message • Call for action to get a commitment • Ask questions to give something to consider on • End with a memorable story, use a quotation • Use strategic repetitions to implant your ideas http://cocoate.com 32

Step 4: Visualization Presentation Aids: • Types of presentation aids: people, objects, models, animals, graphics, pictures • Types of presentation media: flip charts, posters, handouts, transparencies, slides, video, audio, CD, DVD, web, PowerPoint, Keynote, etc. http://cocoate.com 33

Step 4: Visualization Advantages Disadvantages • Enhance understanding • Distract speaker • Distract audience • To memorize message • Reduce eye contact • Establish authenticity • Damage credibility if sloppy • Improve your credibility • Take time to prepare • Improve delivery • Depend on equipment • Add variety and interest http://cocoate.com 34

Step 4: Visualization Slides : • Keep it simple • 6 x 6 • Plain fonts • Light on dark • Dark on light • Run spellchecker http://cocoate.com 35

Step 4: Visualization Slides Handouts Title 48 18 Subtitle 32 14 Text 28 12 Footer 20 10 http://cocoate.com 36

Step 4: Visualization Analogous scheme Complementary scheme http://cocoate.com 37

Step 5: Speech • First impression • Language: verbal, nonverbal • Voice • Contact to the audience • Question and answers http://cocoate.com 38

Step 6: Training • Practise standing up and speak loud • Start from your outline • Work on maintaining eye contact • Practise integrating presentation aids • Check time of your speech • Dress on and speak in front of friends http://cocoate.com 39

Sources • Public Speaking, Osborn & Osborn, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston/New York • Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety by J. C. McCroskey, Speech Monographs • Colour scheme: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Image:Byrcolorwheel.png • Communication model: http://www.schulz-von-thun.de/ mod-komquad.html • Speech Outline, Evaluation Sheet: Isabell Schulz, ABS Paris http://cocoate.com 40