THEME: THEME: INTERNATIONALISATION OF LARGE INTERNATIONALISATION OF LARGE GENERATION SITES AND RELATED GENERATION SITES AND RELATED INTERCONNECTED HV LINES INTERCONNECTED HV LINES TECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS TECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS PRESENTED AT UPDEA CONGRESS PRESENTED AT UPDEA CONGRESS ACCRA - GHANA ACCRA - GHANA JUNE 2005 JUNE 2005 BY BY RHODNIE SISALA RHODNIE SISALA MANAGING DIRECTOR –ZESCO LTD MANAGING DIRECTOR –ZESCO LTD ZAMBIA ZAMBIA 1 1 Presentation Outline Presentation Outline • INTRODUCTION • CURRENT SITUATION • POTENTIAL LARGE GENERATION SITES • POTENTIAL HV TRANSMISSION INTERCONNECTORS • TECHNICAL ASPECTS • ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS • NEPADS ROLE • CONCLUSION 2 2
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION • ELECTRIFICATION OF NEEDY AREAS OF THE CONTINENT REQUIRE AVAILABLITY OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY • THERE IS NEED FOR ADEQUATE GENERATION CAPACITIES AND INTERCONNECTION LINES WITHIN THE VARIOUS STATES TO ENHANCE ELECTRIFICATION • UNFORTUNATELY MOST AFRICAN COUNTRIES ARE EITHER ALREADY IN OR WILL SOON HAVE A CAPACITY & ENERGY DEFICIT • MOST REGIONAL POWER POOLS ALSO FACE A GENERATION DEFICIT IN THE NEXT FEW YEARS E.G. SADC REGION THROUGH SAPP – DEMAND GROWING AT 3% PER ANNUM – SADC REGION TO RUN OUT OF CAPACITY & ENERGY AROUND 2007 WITH EXISTING CAPACITY 3 3 CURRENT STATUS CURRENT STATUS ENERGY DEFICITY IN • SADC REGION BY 2007 • NIGERIA • KENYAN • UGANDA DEVELOPMENT OF POWER STATIONS AND INTERCONNECTORS AWAIT MOBILISATION OF CAPITAL • ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY IN AFRICA LOW 4 4
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS � POOLING OF RESOURCES THROUGH REGIONAL INTEGRATION � POWER POOLS � AFRICAN UNION ORGANS MAY FACILITATE � FINANCING INSTITUTIONS � TECHNICAL ORGANS 5 5 REGIONAL INTEGRATION THROUGH POWER POOLS AFRICAN UNION (NEPAD) AFREC SUB REGIONAL TECHNICAL ORGANISATIONS FINANCING e.g PIESA etc ORGANISATIONS AfDB, WB, EIB, UPDEA DBSA, … PEAC EAPP WAPP SAPP 6 6
WEST AFRICA NORTH AFRICA EASTERN AFRICA NEPA GTI EEHC STEG DJIBELEC SBEE SENELEC SONELGAZ ONE NEC SONABEL CEB GECOL EEC SOPIE CIE KPLC SOGEPE SONICHAR T U NI MARO KenGem SI C E SOGEM NIGELIEC S A E H E EGYPT A UEB E R NAWEC LEC A O cc E . TANESCO MAL I R E VRA SOMELEC L D I N A FASO E B UEGCL G T E A LI COTE H O NI � � � � E S EDG EDM-SA B A G N RC O E N E O A M RI A O A A N U LI UEDCL � G E EQU. C A A N EAGB �� O �� & N R D N REP. DEM. . G B A � CONGO O . UETCL � A � � � � � � � � TOGO ELRCTRICITE � S M � A EEPC A � L E A M W O Z � I M A A � � �� � � E M D BI A � Q G A U A � E E � S C � A R D SUD CENTRAL AFRICA O SOUTHERN REGION SNEL ELECTROGAZ ESKOM ESCOM North REGIDESO STEE EDEL BPC AES-SONEL SEGEA ENE EDM West ENERCA SEGEA ZESCO ZESA Central SNE EMAE JIRAMA LEC SEEG SINELAC East CEB NAMPOWER South 7 7 THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL (SAPP) CASE POWER POOL (SAPP) CASE PROJECTED ENERGY DEFICIT PROJECTED ENERGY DEFICIT BY 2007 BY 2007 8 8
INSTALLED CAPACITY vs ANNUAL MAXIMUM DEMAND 60,000 50,000 40,000 INSTALLED W CAPACITY 30,000 M MW 20,000 10,000 Rapid Load Growth 0 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Available Capacity YEAR 9 9 ENERGY DEFICIT IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL � FORECAST ANNUAL MAXIMUM DEMAND IS RISING FASTER THAN PROJECTED IN A NUMBER OF COUNTRIES SUCH AS SOUTH AFRICA AND ZAMBIA � SOME INSTALLED CAPACITY IS ACTUALLY NOT AVAILABLE � CONSIDERATION OF THE RESERVE CAPACITY (10.2 %) BUILT IN • IMPLICATION THE ENERGY DEFICIT WILL BE REACHED MUCH EARLIER THAN PROJECTED. THE DEFICIT IS EXPECTED ABOUT 2007 10 10
SHORT TERM GENERATION PROJECTS IN SAPP No. Country Project Name Capacity(MW) Type Expected Year 1 Angola Capanda 260 Hydro 2007 2 Botswana Morupule Expansion 240 Coal 2009 3 DRC Refurbish Inga 1&2 500 Hydro 2007 4 Lesotho Muela Phase 2 110 Hydro 2010 5 Malawi Kaphichira Phase-2 64 Hydro 2009 6 Namibia Kudu 800 Gas 2009 7 South Africa Mothballed Plants 3500 Coal 2005 to 2010 Open Cycle Gas Turbine 500 Gas 2008 8 Swaziland Maguga 20 Hydro 2007 9 Zambia Refurbishment 210 Hydro 2006 Itezhi-Tezhi 120 Hydro 2007 Kafue Lower 600 Hydro 2009 Kariba North 360 Hydro 2009 10 Zimbabwe Kariba South 300 Hydro 2007 Hwange 7& 8 660 Hydro 2008 Lupani 300 Gas 2009 Tanzania Ubungo 40 Gas 2004 Ubungo 40 Gas 2005 Kinyerezi 60 Gas 2007 Kinyerezi 80 Gas 2009 TOTAL 8764 11 11 LONG TERM GENERATION LONG TERM GENERATION PROJECTS IN SAPP PROJECTS IN SAPP ESTIMATED COST ESTIMATED COST $ 45 Billion $ 45 Billion 12 12
No. Country Project Name Capacity(MW) 1 Angola Cambambe II 260 2 Botswana Mmamabula 3600 3 DRC Inga-3 3500 Grand Inga Phase 1 6000 4 Lesotho Musanga 230 5 Malawi Kholombizo 240 Mphatamaga 260 Fufu 100 6 Mozambique Mepanda Uncua 1300 Moatize 1000 Massinngir 40 7 Namibia Epupa 360 Popa 23 8 South Africa Greenfield 4000 Greenfield 2500 2xCGT 1500 2XPUMPED Storage 2330 9 Swaziland Lubombo 1000 10 Tanzania Ruhunji 358 Mchuchuma 200 Mchuchuma 200 Ramakali 222 11 Zambia Expansion Kariba North 200 Kalungwishi 220 12 Zimbabwe Batoka 800 Gokwe North 1300 13 13 POTENTIAL LARGE GENERATION SITES POTENTIAL LARGE GENERATION SITES • ZAMBIA – KAFUE GORGE LOWER (750 MW) – KARIBA NORTH BANK EXTENTION (300 MW) – ITEZHI TEZHI (120 MW) – BATOKA (800 MW) – LUAPULA HYDRO DEVELOPMENT (950 MW) – KALUNGWISHI HYDRO DEVELOPMENT (163 MW) – DEVILS GORGE (800 MW) • DRC – INGA (44,000 MW) – OTHER SITES (56,000 MW) • GHANA – BUI –SITE ( 400 MW ) • UGANDA – BUJUGALI SITE ( 200 MW ) • MOZAMBIQUE – CABORABASSA – MPHANDA NKUWA ( 1300 MW ) ESTIMATED COST OF $ 2 Billion) 14 14
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