Pr r strts t - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▼❉▲ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡ ❢♦r ❉✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥s ✇✐t❤ ❙❤❛♣❡ P❛r❛♠❡t❡rs ❇♦♥♦ ◆♦♥❝❤❡✈ ❋❛❝✉❧t② ♦❢ ▼❛t❤❡♠❛t✐❝s ❛♥❞ ■♥❢♦r♠❛t✐❝s ❙♦✜❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ✷✷♥❞ ◆❉❊❙✱ ✹✲✻ ❏✉❧② ✷✵✶✹✱ ❆❧❜❡♥❛ ✭❇✉❧❣❛r✐❛✮ ✶ ♦❢ ✸✵

❈♦♥t❡♥ts ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ▼♦❞❡❧ ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡s ❚❤❡ ▼❉▲ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❙❝❛❧❡✲▲♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❖t❤❡r ❋❛♠✐❧✐❡s ❉✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❊①❛♠♣❧❡s ✷ ♦❢ ✸✵

❚♦❈ ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ▼♦❞❡❧ ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡s ❚❤❡ ▼❉▲ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❙❝❛❧❡✲▲♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❖t❤❡r ❋❛♠✐❧✐❡s ❉✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❊①❛♠♣❧❡s ✸ ♦❢ ✸✵

▼♦❞❡❧ ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♦♥ • ●♦❛❧✿ ❈❤♦♦s❡ ❛♥ ❛❞❡q✉❛t❡ ♠♦❞❡❧✴❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥✴❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❛ s❛♠♣❧❡ • ❆ ❧♦t ♦❢ s♦❧✉t✐♦♥s✱ ✭♠❛✐♥❧② ❢♦r ❛ r❡❣r❡ss✐♦♥ s❡tt✐♥❣✮ ◦ ♣✲✈❛❧✉❡ t❡st✐♥❣ ◦ ▼❛❧❧♦✇s✬s C p ◦ ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❝r✐t❡r✐❛ ✭❆■❈✱ ❉■❈✱ ●■❈✱ ❇■❈✱ ◆■❈✮ ◦ ❇❛②❡s✐❛♥ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ • ✏❣♦♦❞♥❡ss ♦❢ ✜t✑ ✰ ✏♣❡♥❛❧t②✑ • ❆❧t❡r♥❛t✐✈❡✿ t❤❡ ▼✐♥✐♠✉♠ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ▲❡♥❣t❤ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡ ✭▼❉▲✮ ◦ ✏♣❡♥❛❧✐③❡✑ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧② ◦ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ✐s q✉❛♥t✐✜❡❞ ◦ ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥✲t❤❡♦r❡t✐❝❛❧ ❥✉st✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣❡♥❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ✹ ♦❢ ✸✵

▼♦❞❡❧ ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♦♥ • ●♦❛❧✿ ❈❤♦♦s❡ ❛♥ ❛❞❡q✉❛t❡ ♠♦❞❡❧✴❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥✴❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❛ s❛♠♣❧❡ • ❆ ❧♦t ♦❢ s♦❧✉t✐♦♥s✱ ✭♠❛✐♥❧② ❢♦r ❛ r❡❣r❡ss✐♦♥ s❡tt✐♥❣✮ ◦ ♣✲✈❛❧✉❡ t❡st✐♥❣ ◦ ▼❛❧❧♦✇s✬s C p ◦ ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❝r✐t❡r✐❛ ✭❆■❈✱ ❉■❈✱ ●■❈✱ ❇■❈✱ ◆■❈✮ ◦ ❇❛②❡s✐❛♥ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ • ✏❣♦♦❞♥❡ss ♦❢ ✜t✑ ✰ ✏♣❡♥❛❧t②✑ • ❆❧t❡r♥❛t✐✈❡✿ t❤❡ ▼✐♥✐♠✉♠ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ▲❡♥❣t❤ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡ ✭▼❉▲✮ ◦ ✏♣❡♥❛❧✐③❡✑ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧② ◦ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ✐s q✉❛♥t✐✜❡❞ ◦ ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥✲t❤❡♦r❡t✐❝❛❧ ❥✉st✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣❡♥❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ✹ ♦❢ ✸✵

▼♦❞❡❧ ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♦♥ • ●♦❛❧✿ ❈❤♦♦s❡ ❛♥ ❛❞❡q✉❛t❡ ♠♦❞❡❧✴❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥✴❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❛ s❛♠♣❧❡ • ❆ ❧♦t ♦❢ s♦❧✉t✐♦♥s✱ ✭♠❛✐♥❧② ❢♦r ❛ r❡❣r❡ss✐♦♥ s❡tt✐♥❣✮ ◦ ♣✲✈❛❧✉❡ t❡st✐♥❣ ◦ ▼❛❧❧♦✇s✬s C p ◦ ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❝r✐t❡r✐❛ ✭❆■❈✱ ❉■❈✱ ●■❈✱ ❇■❈✱ ◆■❈✮ ◦ ❇❛②❡s✐❛♥ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ • ✏❣♦♦❞♥❡ss ♦❢ ✜t✑ ✰ ✏♣❡♥❛❧t②✑ • ❆❧t❡r♥❛t✐✈❡✿ t❤❡ ▼✐♥✐♠✉♠ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ▲❡♥❣t❤ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡ ✭▼❉▲✮ ◦ ✏♣❡♥❛❧✐③❡✑ ♠♦❞❡❧ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧② ◦ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ✐s q✉❛♥t✐✜❡❞ ◦ ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥✲t❤❡♦r❡t✐❝❛❧ ❥✉st✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣❡♥❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ✹ ♦❢ ✸✵

❚♦❈ ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ▼♦❞❡❧ ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡s ❚❤❡ ▼❉▲ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❙❝❛❧❡✲▲♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❖t❤❡r ❋❛♠✐❧✐❡s ❉✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❊①❛♠♣❧❡s ✺ ♦❢ ✸✵

❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ P♦❧②♥♦♠✐❛❧ ▼♦❞❡❧ ❋✐❣✉r❡✿ ❉✐✛❡r❡♥t ♦r❞❡r ♣♦❧②♥♦♠✐❛❧s ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❜❡st ✜t ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ♦r❞❡r✳ ❆ ❤✐❣❤❡r✲♦r❞❡r ❣✐✈❡s ❛ ❜❡tt❡r ✐♥✲s❛♠♣❧❡ ✭❣♦♦❞♥❡ss ♦❢✮ ✜t✱ ❜✉t ♣r❡❞✐❝t✐♦♥ ♣♦✇❡r ✭❣❡♥❡r❛❧✐③❛❜✐❧✐t②✮ ♠❛② s✉✛❡r ❞✉❡ t♦ ♦✈❡r✜t ✭♠✐❞❞❧❡✮✳ ✻ ♦❢ ✸✵

❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ◆❡✉r❛❧ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ❢♦r ❘♦❜♦t ❆r♠ ✭✶✮ ❋✐❣✉r❡✿ ❘♦❜♦t ❛r♠ ✲ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡❞ ❜② ( y ✶ , y ✷ ) ✱ ♦r ❜② ❛♥❣❧❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛r♠ ✲ ( θ ✶ , θ ✷ ) ✼ ♦❢ ✸✵

❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ◆❡✉r❛❧ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ❢♦r ❘♦❜♦t ❆r♠ ✭✷✮ • ❉❛t❛ ◦ s✐♠✉❧❛t❡❞ ❢♦r t✇♦ s♠❛❧❧ ❛r❡❛s ✭♥❡❡❞ ❡①tr❛♣♦❧❛t✐♦♥✮ ◦ ❛❞❞❡❞ ❣❛✉ss✐❛♥ ♥♦✐s❡ • ❚❛s❦✿ t♦ ❝♦♥str✉❝t ❛ ❢❡❡❞❢♦r✇❛r❞ ♥❡t✇♦r❦ ♠❛♣♣✐♥❣ ❝♦♦r❞✐♥❛t❡s ◦ t❤r❡❡ ❧❛②❡r ❢❡❡❞❢♦r✇❛r❞ ♥❡t✇♦r❦ ◦ s❡❝♦♥❞ ❧❛②❡r ♥♦❞❡s ✇✐t❤ s✐❣♠♦✐❞✐❛❧ tr❛♥s❢❡r ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ◦ t❤✐r❞ ❧❛②❡r ♦✉t♣✉t ♥♦❞❡s ✇✐t❤ ❧✐♥❡❛r tr❛♥s❢❡r ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s • Pr♦❜❧❡♠✿ ✜♥❞ ♦♣t✐♠❛❧ ★ ♦❢ ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ♥♦❞❡s✱ ❜❛❧❛♥❝✐♥❣ ❣♦♦❞♥❡ss ♦❢ ✜t ❛♥❞ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧✐③❛❜✐❧✐t②✳ ✽ ♦❢ ✸✵

❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ◆❡✉r❛❧ ◆❡t✇♦r❦ ❢♦r ❘♦❜♦t ❆r♠ ✭✸✮ ❋✐❣✉r❡✿ ●♦♦❞♥❡ss ♦❢ ✜t ✭❡rr♦r ✐♥ tr❛✐♥✐♥❣ s❡t✮ ✈s ●❡♥❡r❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥ ❡rr♦r ✭❡rr♦r ✐♥ t❡st s❡t✮✳ ❖♣t✐♠❛❧ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ❤✐❞❞❡♥ ♥♦❞❡s ✐s ✽✳ ✾ ♦❢ ✸✵

❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ P❤②s✐❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ✈s ♣❡r❝❡♣t✐♦♥ ❋✐❣✉r❡✿ ❙t❡✈❡♥s✬ ♠♦❞❡❧ ✭ y = ax b + ε ✮ ❧❡❢t✱ ❋❡❝❤♥❡r✬s ✭ y = a ❧♥ ( x + b )+ ε ✮ ♦♥ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t✱ ❢♦r ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ✈❛❧✉❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs✳ ❙t❡✈❡♥s✬ ♠♦❞❡❧ ✐s ♠✉❝❤ ♠♦r❡ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✱ r❡❣❛r❞❧❡ss ♦❢ t❤❡ ❡q✉❛❧ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs✳ ✶✵ ♦❢ ✸✵

❚♦❈ ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ▼♦❞❡❧ ❙❡❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡s ❚❤❡ ▼❉▲ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡ ❘❡s✉❧ts ❙❝❛❧❡✲▲♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❖t❤❡r ❋❛♠✐❧✐❡s ❉✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ❈♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❊①❛♠♣❧❡s ✶✶ ♦❢ ✸✵

❑♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ❂ ❈♦♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ • P❛tt❡r♥s ✐♥ ❞❛t❛ ✭✐✳❡✳ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡✮ ❧❡❛❞ t♦ ❝♦♠♣r❡ss✐♦♥ • ❊♥❝♦❞❡ ❛♥❞ tr❛♥s♠✐t ✇✐t❤ ❦♥♦✇❧❡❞❣❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣❛tt❡r♥s ◦ ✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✳ ✳ ✳ ◦ ✶✶✵✶✶✵✵✶✶✶✶✶✶✶✵✶✶✶✶✶✶✵✶✶✵✵✶✶✶✶✶✶✶✶✶✶✶✳ ✳ ✳ ◦ ✶✵✶✵✶✵✶✵✵✵✶✶✶✵✶✵✵✵✶✶✶✵✶✵✵✵✶✶✶✵✶✵✶✶✶✶✵✳ ✳ ✳ • ❑♦❧♠♦❣♦r♦✈ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❛♥❞ ✐ts ♣r♦❜❧❡♠s ◦ ✉♥❝♦♠♣✉t❛❜✐❧✐t② ◦ ❛r❜✐tr❛r✐♥❡ss ✶✷ ♦❢ ✸✵