Pr Prec ecario arious liv us liveliho elihoods in E ds in Eas astern Indo ern Indonesia: nesia: mugglers how & why fi fisherme men become me people smu Antje Missbach Monash University, Melbourne
Structure 1. Survey results on people smuggling convic<ons in Indonesia (2011- 2015) 2. An<-people-smuggling informa<on campaigns 3. Poverty, economic needs and environmental disasters as drivers
Curr urrent asylum m seeker mo moveme ments
People smuggling ac@vi@es between Indonesia and Australia
Popular routes from Indonesia to Australian territory
Loca@ons of Indonesian courts included in this study
Known people-smuggling cases heard in Indonesian courts, 2011–2015 Year of final verdict Number of cases 2011 5 2012 36 2013 37 2014 20 2015 1
Ages of those prosecuted for people-smuggling offences (n=99) 25 20 15 10 5 0 under 20 years 20-24 years 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 older than 55
Origin of those prosecuted for people-smuggling offences 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 East Java West Nusa East Nusa West Riau West Java Maluku Central South Banten Central Java Yogyakarta outside of Tenggara Tengara Kalimantan Sulawesi Sulawesi Indonesia
Former employment of convicted people-smugglers 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 unknown self-empoyed fishermen driver military police captain crew trader unemployed farmer guide bureaucrat
Length of prison sentences (in months) of convicted people smugglers 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 7 9 10 12 13 18 20 24 30 36 40 60 66 72 78 84 96
Public Informa ma@on Camp mpaigns (PIC) PIC to reach far-flung fishing communi<es & communi<es of • displaced popula<ons in Indonesia film, radio, TV, and printed materials • “campaign was used to disseminate informa<on on • migra<on policies, irregular migra<on and its implica<ons” (h#ps://www.iom.int/files/live/sites/iom/files/Country/docs/IOM-Indonesia-Newsle#er-for-January-2014.pdf)
Raising awareness Photographs by AM
Excerpt from m samp mple Muslim m sermo mon „The blessed people of Allah, many among you are fishermen … who work in the coastal industry. There has been news circula<ng recently of many irregular migrants trying to reach Australia through our borders, through this area. The way they can reach Australia is by using our boats, our people, our knowledge. They ask for help but blessed people of Allah, I tell you that this is not the help that is talked about in the Al Qur’an. Bringing irregular migrants to Australia is illegal. And it is a sin. If you agree to help house irregular migrants before they leave for Australia, if you have anything to do with smuggling these irregular migrants to Australia, it is a sin. You are not helping them, you are doing something wrong in the eyes of Allah.“
The poor East
Making money in jail “Amir’s” story: • twice imprisoned in Australia • speaks about his prison term as “work”, a job just as precarious and risky as any other op<on available to him • earned small amounts of money in jail in Australia • prospect of serving <me in jail in Indonesia was seen as ul<mate disincen<ve
Restricted fishing grounds
Environmental damage: oil spill
Thank you for your aden<on! antje.missbach@monash.edu
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