Pr Prec ecario arious liv us liveliho elihoods in E ds in Eas - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Pr Prec ecario arious liv us liveliho elihoods in E ds in Eas astern Indo ern Indonesia: nesia:

how & why fi fisherme men become me people smu mugglers

Antje Missbach Monash University, Melbourne

Structure

• 1. Survey results on people smuggling convic<ons in Indonesia (2011-

2015)

• 2. An<-people-smuggling informa<on campaigns
• 3. Poverty, economic needs and environmental disasters as drivers

Curr urrent asylum m seeker mo moveme ments

People smuggling ac@vi@es between Indonesia and Australia

Popular routes from Indonesia to Australian territory

Loca@ons of Indonesian courts included in this study

Known people-smuggling cases heard in Indonesian courts, 2011–2015

Year of final verdict Number of cases 2011 5 2012 36 2013 37 2014 20 2015 1

Ages of those prosecuted for people-smuggling offences (n=99)

5 10 15 20 25 under 20 years 20-24 years 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54

• lder than 55

Origin of those prosecuted for people-smuggling

• ffences

5 10 15 20 25 30 East Java West Nusa Tenggara East Nusa Tengara West Kalimantan Riau West Java Maluku Central Sulawesi South Sulawesi Banten Central Java Yogyakarta

• utside of

Indonesia

Former employment of convicted people-smugglers

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 unknown self-empoyed fishermen driver military police captain crew trader unemployed farmer guide bureaucrat

Length of prison sentences (in months) of convicted people smugglers

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 7 9 10 12 13 18 20 24 30 36 40 60 66 72 78 84 96

Public Informa ma@on Camp mpaigns (PIC)

• PIC to reach far-flung fishing communi<es & communi<es of

displaced popula<ons in Indonesia

• film, radio, TV, and printed materials
• “campaign was used to disseminate informa<on on

migra<on policies, irregular migra<on and its implica<ons”

(h#ps://www.iom.int/files/live/sites/iom/files/Country/docs/IOM-Indonesia-Newsle#er-for-January-2014.pdf)

Raising awareness

Photographs by AM

Excerpt from m samp mple Muslim m sermo mon

„The blessed people of Allah, many among you are fishermen … who work in the coastal industry. There has been news circula<ng recently of many irregular migrants trying to reach Australia through our borders, through this area. The way they can reach Australia is by using our boats, our people, our knowledge. They ask for help but blessed people of Allah, I tell you that this is not the help that is talked about in the Al Qur’an. Bringing irregular migrants to Australia is illegal. And it is a sin. If you agree to help house irregular migrants before they leave for Australia, if you have anything to do with smuggling these irregular migrants to Australia, it is a sin. You are not helping them, you are doing something wrong in the eyes of Allah.“

The poor East

Making money in jail

“Amir’s” story:

• twice imprisoned in Australia
• speaks about his prison term as “work”, a job just as precarious and risky

as any other op<on available to him

• earned small amounts of money in jail in Australia
• prospect of serving <me in jail in Indonesia was seen as ul<mate

disincen<ve

Restricted fishing grounds

Environmental damage: oil spill

Thank you for your aden<on!

antje.missbach@monash.edu