PPR VACCINE, VACCINATION AND VACCINE QUALITY CONTROL Lessons from - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dr DIALLO ADAMA

CONSULTANT FAO

PPR VACCINE, VACCINATION AND VACCINE QUALITY CONTROL

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Lessons from rinderpest eradication

• 2011 was the official recognition of the

world freedom from rinderpest

• Lessons from this success may help for
• ther animal disease control programme
• An important element for this great

success was the use of a Very Efficient and Quality Assured Vaccine

Important requirements for a vaccine

• Efficacy:
• Must strong protection of the host against disease following

proper administration

• Must protect against all circulating strains of the pathogen
• Safety

no side effect whatever the physiological status of the host (in particular: no abortion)

• Cost: must be cheap
• Availability: must be easy to be procured

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Important requirements for a vaccine

• The attenuated Rinderpest vaccine used

during the Global Rinderpest Eradication Campaign (GREP) has all the above attributes

• The attenuated PPR vaccine has the

same attributes

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Immune response to PPRV infection

• As Rinderpest, PPR is also caused by a virus

belonging to the Genus Morbillivirus

• Both PPRV and RPV induce very strong

protective immunogenic response in the infected host

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Immune response to PPRV infection

• For both PPR and Rinderpest, an animal

that have recovered from infection never develop the disease again

• This interesting immune protective quality
• f PPRV and RPV wild type virus strains is

conserved in their respective derived live attenuated vaccine viruses

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PPR vaccines

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The first PPR control vaccination trials were done with Rinderpest vaccine: goats were

vaccinated with RPV and challenged with PPRV a year later

PPR vaccines

Development of PPR attenuated vaccine homologous vaccine:

• Extensively tested in Africa and the Middle East
• Provide protective immunity for at least 3 years
• Safety: 3 back passages in animals with no reversion
• Can be used in pregnant animals at any stage of pregnancy
• Passive immunity in young animals for 2-4 months after birth

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Revue d’Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 1989b, 42, 311-319

PPR vaccines

Currently, 6 Attenuated PPR Vaccine strains are available:

 PPRV Nigeria 75/1 (Nigeria, lineage II, goat origin)  PPR Sungri 96 (India, Lineage IV; goat origin)  Arasur 87 (India, lineage IV; sheep origin)  Coimbatore 97 (India, lineage IV; goat origin).  Titu (Bangladesh, lineage IV; goat origin)  45G37/35-K PPR Vaccine (Kazakhstan , Lineage IV?)

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Geographical distribution of PPR

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PPRV Lineages distribution

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F Gene

Pakistan (2010) Saudi Arabia (1994) Pakistan (1994) Turkey (1996) Morocco (2008) India (2005) Ethiopia (2011) Egypt (2009) China (2014) Iran (2010) Nepal (1995) Bangladesh (2012) Nigeria (2009) Cameroon (2010) Sudan (2008) Uganda (2009) DR Congo (2011)

Lineage IV

Senegal (2013) Benin (2011) Cote dIv

• ire (2009)

Ghana (2010) Nigeria (2012) Burkina Faso (2010) Nigeria (1976) Nigeria/75/1

Lineage II

Cote dIv

• ire(1989)

Guinea (1991) Senegal (1969)

Lineage I

Kenya (2011) Uganda (2012) Ethiopia (1996) United Arab Emirates (1986) Oman (1983) Sudan (1971) Sudan (1972)

Lineage III

Rinderpest (Egypt) Rinderpest (Tanzania -RBT1) Rinderpest (strain Kabete O) Rinderpest (RBOK) Rinderpest (South Korea L72) Rinderpest (Fusan Japan)

89 99 99 97 87 82 100 86 97 0.01

PPRV Effective against Viruses of all Lineages

PPRV Dendogramme-based Immuno-protective F protein gene

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PPRV Dendogramme-based Immunoprotective H protein gene

PPRV Effective against Viruses of all Lineages

PPR vaccine Thermostability improvement

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Sen et al.

There are efficient vaccines for PPR-GEP

Current homologous attenuated PPR vaccine:

• Duration of immunity: at least 3- 5 years
• Safety: 3 back passages in animals with no reversion, no abortion

as side effect

• A vaccine strain can protect against all lineages
• The thermostability was improved
• Available for use for a Global Control Programme: produced by

more than 20 Vaccine Manufacturers

• So Need for Independent Certification of Produced Vaccines to

ensure Good Quality of Vaccines to be used for PPR Control Programme

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Protection against PPR: Part of the fight for poverty alleviation

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Dr DIALLO ADAMA

Thank you

FAO CONSULTANT a.diallob@outlook.com