Post-glacial development of coastal Maine & Acadia National Park - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Post-glacial development of coastal Maine & Acadia National Park - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Post-glacial development of coastal Maine & Acadia National Park Stephen A. Norton Professor Emeritus of Earth Sciences George L. Jacobson Professor Emeritus of Biology, Ecology, and Climate Change 23 May 2017 Climate Change Institute The

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Post-glacial development of coastal Maine & Acadia National Park

Stephen A. Norton Professor Emeritus of Earth Sciences George L. Jacobson Professor Emeritus of Biology, Ecology, and Climate Change

23 May 2017

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Climate Change Institute

The University of Maine

Central question: What is the natural variability of the earths climate, and what are the underlying mechanisms?

45th Anniversary in 2017

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Estimated changes by 2100: 5--10O F warmer in all seasons in all regions of Maine

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Maine’s Climate Future

2015

UPDATE

Climate Change Institute http://climatechange.umaine.edu/

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Maine’s steep climate gradient produces interesting patterns of northern and southern range limits in plants. From Jacobson et al. (2009) Maine’s Climate Future.

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Plant-hardiness zones reveal the same tight gradient.

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Maines climate is highly compressed: equal to that of northern Europe

From Jacobson et al. (2009) Maine’s Climate Future.

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Cooling of the Earth during the past 50 my led to increases in glacial ice in high latitudes.

From Zachos et al. (2009)

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Long-term records from marine sediments reveal global climate variabity during the past 4 my.

N

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H e m . i c e

From Zachos et al. (2009)

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Regular ice ages characterize the past 2.6 million years (data below derived from ocean sediments) warm cold

Present interglacial (Holocene)

  • H. sapiens
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MDI under ice The most recent glacial maximum, ca. 20,000 years ago

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Regular ice ages characterize the past 2.6 million years (data below derived from ocean sediments) warm cold

Present interglacial (Holocene)

  • H. sapiens
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Coring Sargent Mountain Pond, Acadia National Park, Maine (24 March 07)

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Core of lake sediment from Sargent Mountain Pond (Acadia National Park)

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Pollen grains are abundant in lake sediments

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Maps of change in plant distribution (after Jacobson et al. 1987)

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The deglaciation of Maine involved dramatic and rapid changes over just a few thousand years (Davis & Jacobson 1985 Quaternary Research).

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From Davis & Jacobson (1985) QR

  • ca. 15 ka cal. years
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Katahdin emerged from the ice ca. 15,000 years ago

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  • ca. 14 ka cal. years
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  • ca. 13 ka cal. years
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  • ca. 12 ka cal. years
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  • ca. 11 ka cal. years
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  • ca. 10 ka cal. years
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Jacobson Part 2of2

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ICE

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Cooler, moister conditions of the past few thousand years led to decreases in white pine and hemlock, and increases in spruces and Balsam fir (after Schauffler & Jacobson 2002).

after Schauffler and Jacobson (2002) Journal of Ecology 90:235-250

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Continuously cool, moist conditions along the Downeast Coast of Maine have allowed a unique spruce forest to survive in a narrow band for the past 10,000 years.

after Schauffler and Jacobson (2002) Journal of Ecology 90:235-250

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Cold ocean waters influence coastal terrestrial ecosystems, keeping the eastern-coastal Gulf of Maine cooler than inland sites

Cold current along the Downeast coast

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Core Processing in West Antarctica

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Inside Drill Dome

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200 400 600 800 150 200 250 300 350 400 Time, thousands of years before present Atmospheric CO2 concentration (ppmv) Observations of CO2 Mauna Loa Law Dome EPICA Dome C

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200 400 600 800 150 200 250 300 350 400 Time, thousands of years before present Atmospheric CO2 concentration (ppmv) Observations of CO2 Mauna Loa Law Dome EPICA Dome C

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Discussion?