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Possible future RD&D activities arising from project experience - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Possible future RD&D activities arising from project experience Jochen Lambauer Liliana Oprea, Carsten Mohr, Jochen Zumpe Agenda The Fichtner Group Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms

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Possible future RD&D activities arising from project experience

Jochen Lambauer Liliana Oprea, Carsten Mohr, Jochen Zumpe

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Agenda

 The Fichtner Group  Implementation experience with grid connection of

  • ff-shore wind farms

 Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code  Conclusions in regard to possible RD&D activities

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The Fichtner Group

 Established in 1922 and family-owned ever since  Germany’s biggest independent engineering and consultancy enterprise  Approximately 1800 employees worldwide – 500 in our Home Office  Project experience in more than 160 countries  Over 1200 ongoing projects – 500 of these in our Home Office  Total turnover of €260 million in 2012  Capital investment volume now under planning in the home office: €106 billion – of which some €26 billion is in renewable energies

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Fichtner's Areas of Activity

Energy Energy economics • conventional power plants • renewables • district heating • energy transmission and distribution • I&C and power system technology • smart grids • electric mobility • energy management • oil & gas Environment Environmental management • environmental information systems • environmental studies • permit management and strategy • environmental protection technologies • soil and water protection • air pollution control • emissions trading • waste management Water & Infrastructure Total water management • drinking water supply and sanitation • seawater desalination • integrated infrastructure concepts • site development • traffic, transportation and civil engineering • mining and mineral economics Consulting & IT Studies • organization and strategy consultancy • privatizations • project management • financial modeling • infrastructure management • IT consultancy and services • geo-solutions

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Agenda

 Fichtner Group  Implementation experience with grid connection of

  • ff-shore wind farms

 Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code  Conclusions in regard to possible RD&D activities

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Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms Introduction

Targets of the Energy Concept by Federal Government

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Source: Federal Office for Statistics

Nuclear energy Renewable energy Fossil fuels and others

  • Reduction of the GHG emissions by

at least 80% by 2050

  • Energy supply by renewable sources

to at east 80% by 2050

  • Reduction of the energy

consumption by increase in energy efficiency and energy savings

  • Main share in the renewable energy

production – off-shore wind farms

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Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms Need for off-shore grid connection

Challenges in implementation of the energy concept

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Source: O-NEP, March 2013, www.netzentwicklungsplan.de

  • Up to 11 000 MW installed capacity in off-

shore wind farms is planned to be constructed in the North-Sea by 2023 (Scenario B in the Off-Shore Network Development Plan 2013)

  • Network connection of the off-shore wind

farms to the grid is one key for the success

  • f the implementation of the energy concept
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Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms HVAC versus HVDC connections of off-shore wind farms

HVAC transmission connection includes:

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  • Off-shore substation
  • Submarine cable connection (cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable)
  • On-shore underground cable/ overhead line

Onshore Offshore Wind farm 33 kV 150 kV 380 kV HVAC connection

150 kV

Offshore HVAC S/S

HVAC transmission network

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Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms HVAC versus HVDC connections of off-shore wind farms

Key issue for HVAC transmission - distance to be covered by the submarine cable

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Source: N. Barberis Negra et al: Loss evaluation of HVAC and HVDC Transmission Solutions for large Off-Shore Wind Farms (2005)

  • Critical distance is achieved when half
  • f the reactive current produced by

the cable is equal to the nominal current

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Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms HVAC versus HVDC connections of off-shore wind farms

HVDC transmission connection includes:

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  • Off-shore converter terminal
  • HVDC submarine cable
  • HVDC on-shore underground cable
  • On-shore converter terminal

Offshore HVAC S/S

Wind farm

33 kV

Onshore Offshore 380 kV

150 kV HVDC transmission

HVAC transmission network

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Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms HVAC versus HVDC connections of off-shore wind farms

Comparison between HVAC and VSC based HVDC connections for large off-shore wind farms

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Requirements HVAC HVDC VSC Black start capability Yes Yes Active and reactive power control Limited Full Offshore station in operation Yes In commissioning phase Decoupling of connected networks No Yes Space requirements off-shore substation Low Moderate Losses High Low Cost Low High

  • HVDC connections for long distances
  • High investment costs for HVDC connection
  • Projects needs to be well planned
  • Demand for integrated system studies
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Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms HVDC connections

Integrated system studies

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  • Many parts of the integrated systems studies are the same like in case of integration of an on-

shore wind farm or even a conventional power plant

  • Dynamic stability studies are required in order to assess the impact of the wind generation on the

transmission system performance

  • Special studies are required in order to demonstrate the compliance of the off-shore wind farm

with the requirements of the grid code

  • Special design studies are needed for HVDC interconnection in the project specification phase

Project implementation issues

  • A smooth implementation of grid connection projects requires:
  • Close coordination of all parties/stakeholders involved
  • Common understanding of the required goals to be achieved
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Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms Project Implementation Structure

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Permitting Authorities Regulator (BNA) Federal Maritime and Hydrography Agency

On-shore substation Land cable HSE

  • n-shore

Grid components Wadden sea cable Off-shore substation Off-shore cable HSE

  • ff-shore

S U B C O N T R A C T O R S

Certification bodies (e.g. GL, DNV) On-shore substation Land cable HSE

  • n-shore

Grid components Wadden sea cable Off-shore substation Off-shore cable HSE

  • ff-shore

T R A N S M I S S I O N S Y S T E M O P E R A T O R I N T E R F A C E C O O R D I N A T I O N

On-shore substation Land cable HSE

  • n-shore

Grid components Wadden sea cable Off-shore substation Off-shore cable HSE

  • ff-shore

C O N T R A C T O R I N T E R F A C E C O O R D I N A T I O N

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Agenda

 The Fichtner Group  Implementation experience with grid connection of

  • ff-shore wind farms

 Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code  Conclusions in regard to possible RD&D activities

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Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code Why do we need Grid Codes for Renewable Energy?

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Source: Agentur für Erneuerbare Energien

Development of electricity generation from renewable energy sources in Germany

Photovoltaic Biomass Wind Hydro

Billion kWh (in brackets share on total electricity demand in %)

1991:

Enacting of Act on the Sale of Electricity to the Grid (Str.EG)

April 2000:

Renewable Energy Act (EEG) becomes operative

August 2004:

1.Amendment

  • f EEG

January 2009:

  • 2. Amendment
  • f EEG

January 2012:

  • 3. Amendment
  • f EEG
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Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code Lessons learned: New Grid Code requirements for Renewable Energy

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  • Target: Renewable Energies have to meet grid system services on HV, MV and LV

New Grid Code Requirements

Frequency stability

e.g. Active power reduction in case of over-frequency

Static voltage stability

Reactive power and voltage static stability

Dynamic voltage stability

e.g. LVRT-proberties (low voltage ride through)

Generation Management

e.g. closed loop reactive and active power control

Feed-in Management

e.g. Remote Control for the TSO to reduce active power

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Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code Example of fault ride through capability of wind turbines in National Grid Codes

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Source: Florin Iov, Anca Daniela Hansen, Poul Sørensen, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis, 2007: Mapping of grid faults and grid codes

  • Fault ride through capability have to be in accordance with the grid topology, voltage level and

power plants

  • Development of an EU Grid Code: European Network of Transmission System Operators for

Electricity (entsoe)

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Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code How to proof all the requirements

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FGW Technical Guidelines in Germany

TR 1 Determining the Noise Emission Values TR 2 Determining the Power Power Performance and Standardised Energy

TR 3 Determining the Electrical Properties – Power Quality (EMC) TR 4 Determining the Electrical Properties – Power Plant Behaviour

TR 5 Determining and applying the Reference Yield TR 6 Determination of Wind Potential and Energy Yields TR 7 Maintenance of Wind Farms

TR 8 Certification of the Electrical Characteristics of Power Generating Units and Systems in the Medium-, High- and Highest-voltage Grids

How and what is measured Develop and validate a software model (e.g. DIgSILENT, PSS/E) Ensure that the grid code requirements are fulfilled

  • Development of ICE standards in the future
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Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code Certification Process in Germany I

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Type certificate Plant certificate

  • Monthly update on: http://www.wind-fgw.de/pdf/Zertifikate_Neuanlagen.pdf
  • Technical requirements in regard to:
  • Static voltage stability
  • Dynamic voltage stability
  • Certification requirements
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Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code Certification Process in Germany II

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Source: FGW TR.8 Rev. 5 Network Operator Network Operator Network Operator Network Operator Network Operator Request for grid connection

  • incl. Certificate

and proof of grid compatibility Sizing of NAP + NA reservation Assignment of gross planning EGF

Energy generation facility (EGF) operator

Planning ext. service provider realization gross planning EGF operator questionnaire Network operator questionnaire Detailed planning EGF EGF operator provides detailed planning, questionnaires, certificates and additional information that are relevant for assessment to the certification body Certification body EGF certificate EEG compensation EGF declaration of conformity EGF declaration

  • f conformity in

sub steps EGF certificate

Final grid connection acceptance

Approval planning Approval network

  • perator

Result certificate + final grid connection acceptance

Parameterization of GEU Generation unit (GEU) provider Initial operation of EGF / GEU Construction of facility

Declaration of conformity BDEW 1.4

Start End

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Agenda

 The Fichtner Group  Implementation experience with grid connection of

  • ff-shore wind farms

 Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code  Conclusions in regard to possible RD&D activities

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Conclusions in regard to possible RD&D activities

Grid connection of off-shore wind farms

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  • Major challenges:
  • Unclear interfaces
  • Changes after design freeze or modification of envisaged installation methods
  • Clear coordination of all parties involved
  • Most of the processes, guidelines and standards that are used for on-shore grid connection

are not transferable to off-shore grid connection

  • Analyze and evaluate ongoing projects for off-shore grid connections
  • Adapt existing standards for on-shore grid connection to the requirements in regard

to the “off-shore-world”

Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code

  • Major challenges:
  • Grid codes, requirements and test instructions change frequently
  • Evaluation of grid code capability only in a late stage of the project possible

(detailed planning required)

  • Develop a generally accepted certification method for all types of renewable energies
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Your contact persons:

Jochen Lambauer Liliana Oprea

Tel.: +49 711 / 8995-693

  • Tel. +49 711 / 8995-423

Jochen.Lambauer@fichtner.de Liliana.Oprea@fichtner.de

Thank you