Plasma in Energy Research -Fusion & Geothermal- 5th SPSP, Port - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Plasma in Energy Research -Fusion & Geothermal- 5th SPSP, Port - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 16, 2024 400 likes •680 views

Plasma in Energy Research -Fusion & Geothermal- 5th SPSP, Port Said 1-5 March 2020 Mohamed Ezzat Mansoura University & ETH-Zurich Webpage: geg.ethz.ch/mohamed-ezzat Email: m.ezzat@erdw.ethz.ch March 3, 2020 1/20 Outline

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Plasma in Energy Research

  • Fusion & Geothermal-

5th SPSP, Port Said 1-5 March 2020

Mohamed Ezzat Mansoura University & ETH-Zurich Webpage: geg.ethz.ch/mohamed-ezzat Email: m.ezzat@erdw.ethz.ch March 3, 2020

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Outline

Introduction Fusion Energy Geothermal Energy Keep in mind

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Introduction - Speaker’s background

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Introduction - Energy policy

In the 19th century: ◮ Fossil fuels reservoirs capacity. ◮ Consumption rate.

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Introduction - Energy policy

In the 19th century: ◮ Fossil fuels reservoirs capacity. ◮ Consumption rate. In the 20th century: ◮ Nuclear accidents (e.g, Fukushima disaster,..). ◮ CO2 emission ⇒ climate change.

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Introduction - Energy policy

In the 19th century: ◮ Fossil fuels reservoirs capacity. ◮ Consumption rate. In the 20th century: ◮ Nuclear accidents (e.g, Fukushima disaster,..). ◮ CO2 emission ⇒ climate change. Therefore, the required energy resources need to be available -fuel and the technology, environmental -low CO2 emission, safe, and sustainable.

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Outline

Introduction Fusion Energy Geothermal Energy Keep in mind

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Fusion Energy

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Fusion Energy - Why?

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Fusion Energy - Magnetic confinement

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Fusion Energy - Tokamak vs stellerator

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Fusion Energy - Triple product

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Outline

Introduction Fusion Energy Geothermal Energy Keep in mind

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Geothermal Energy

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Geothermal Energy (Drilling)

◮ Expensive drilling cost that increases exponentially with depth because of the:

(e.g: 38 Me for two 3km wells St. Gallen project) [Overcoming Research Challenges for Geothermal Energy - EU Com.,

2014]

  • 1. Low penetration rate 3-5 m/h in hard rocks.
  • 2. Low wear resistance in hard rocks ⇒ short life-time ⇒ increase the tripping cycles.
  • 3. Long tripping time.

◮ Small diameter of the production well because of several casing stages.

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Plasma Pulse for Geo-Drilling (Advantages)

Mechanical Rotary PPGD Reference Tripping time [hour] 268 40 [Anders, et al. 2017] Bit life time [hour] 50 350 (contactless) [Anders, et al. 2017]

  • Frag. specific energy [J/cm3]

400 200 (Tensile) [Ushakov, et al. 2019] Simultaneous casing Not possible Possible [Hirschberg, et al. 2015]

Drilling cost formula: CD = NT × CBit + CRig [H/ROP + NT × tT] H

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Plasma Pulse Geo-Drilling (Concept)

No drilling fluid.

Pulse generator - High voltage electrode - Grounded electrode - Plasma channel

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Plasma Pulse Geo-Drilling (Concept)

No drilling fluid. With drilling fluid (normal pulse).

Pulse generator - High voltage electrode - Grounded electrode - Plasma channel - Drilling fluid (water)

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Plasma Pulse Geo-Drilling (Concept)

No drilling fluid. With drilling fluid (normal pulse). With drilling fluid (short pulse).

Pulse generator - High voltage electrode - Grounded electrode - Plasma channel - Drilling fluid (water)

If the pulse rising time is less than 0.5 µs, the dielectric strength of the rock will become less than the dielectric strength of the drilling fluid (water). [Vorobev, et al. 1961 (in Russian) as cited in Boev, et al., 1997, Ushakov, et al. 2019].

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Plasma-Pulse Geo-Drilling (High voltage short pulse)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 t [μs] 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 fpulse Rising time= 0.7 μs Rising time= 0.3 μs

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Plasma-Pulse Geo-Drilling (Damage phases)

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Plasma-Pulse Geo-Drilling (Plasma formation in pores)

Continuity equation: ∂ns ∂t + ∂Γs ∂x = Si (1) Flux & source term: Γs = qµsEns − Ds ∂ns ∂x & Si = αi (E, ǫ) Γe (2) Momentum equation: ∂ (neǫ) ∂t + ∂Γǫ ∂x = −eΓeE − Γe

  • αiǫi + αexǫex + 3me

mi αe1Te

  • (3)

Poission equation: E = −∂Φ ∂x (4)

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Outline

Introduction Fusion Energy Geothermal Energy Keep in mind

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Keep in mind

◮ Plasma can be found in huge number of phenomena (in lab & nature). Therefore, it is essential to define the physics of the phenomenon and then select the appropriate plasma model for that phenomenon.

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Keep in mind

◮ Plasma can be found in huge number of phenomena (in lab & nature). Therefore, it is essential to define the physics of the phenomenon and then select the appropriate plasma model for that phenomenon. ◮ One energy resource can not solve the energy crisis, but a combination of the different clean resources (e.g., fusion, geothermal, wind, solar, hydropower, biomass, and etc.,).

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Keep in mind

◮ Plasma can be found in huge number of phenomena (in lab & nature). Therefore, it is essential to define the physics of the phenomenon and then select the appropriate plasma model for that phenomenon. ◮ One energy resource can not solve the energy crisis, but a combination of the different clean resources (e.g., fusion, geothermal, wind, solar, hydropower, biomass, and etc.,).

Thank you for your attention!

Should you have any question or need reference, please write to me: m.ezzat@erdw.ethz.ch

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