Planning for Rehabilitation Planning for Rehabilitation and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Planning for Rehabilitation Planning for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction : and Reconstruction : Key Considerations Key Considerations Disaster and Development Disaster and Development Development Realm Development Realm Negative Realm
Disaster Realm Disaster Realm Development Realm Development Realm
Development Development can increase can increase vulnerability vulnerability Development Development can reduce can reduce vulnerability vulnerability
Negative Realm Negative Realm Positive Realm Positive Realm
Disasters can Disasters can provide provide development development
Disaster Realm Disaster Realm Development Realm Development Realm
Development Development can increase can increase vulnerability vulnerability Development Development can reduce can reduce vulnerability vulnerability Disasters can Disasters can set back to set back to development development
Negative Realm Negative Realm Positive Realm Positive Realm
1. 1.
Immediate Immediate
Return to normalcy Return to normalcy
2.
Medium to Long-
Term
Increase the level of safety/protection of lives and Increase the level of safety/protection of lives and property in a multi property in a multi-
hazard-
prone state
3.
Overall
Maximize the involvement of communities and Maximize the involvement of communities and community organizations community organizations
Urban
− −
Repair immediately to functional status Repair immediately to functional status
− −
Conduct detailed systems analysis for upgrade or Conduct detailed systems analysis for upgrade or possible installation of new safer systems possible installation of new safer systems – – cost cost-
benefit analysis to be based on increased safety, better coverage, increased capacity for future better coverage, increased capacity for future development development
Rural
− −
Carry out systems upgrade during repair to minimize Carry out systems upgrade during repair to minimize cost cost
Urban
− − Conduct structural assessments to certify buildings so
Conduct structural assessments to certify buildings so that businesses can reopen in usable buildings that businesses can reopen in usable buildings
− − Minimize power/water/telecommunications service
Minimize power/water/telecommunications service interruptions during the repair period interruptions during the repair period
− − Consider supporting a Jobs Bank/Exchange or
Consider supporting a Jobs Bank/Exchange or Information Center to assist in matching the jobless Information Center to assist in matching the jobless with work opportunities with work opportunities
− − Support projects which generate income within the
Support projects which generate income within the affected areas affected areas
− − Speed the approval of loan funds for disaster
Speed the approval of loan funds for disaster-
affected businesses businesses
Rural
− −
Ensure restoration of power/water/tel. (or availability Ensure restoration of power/water/tel. (or availability
− −
Assess need for temporary business sites. Consider Assess need for temporary business sites. Consider designating a clear central site designating a clear central site
− −
Support NGO Support NGO’ ’s and local community groups in s and local community groups in
Short-
Term
− − Temporary shelter for those who have lost homes
Temporary shelter for those who have lost homes
− − Out
Out-
migration to other urban areas, stressing services there there
− − Protection of belongings
Protection of belongings
− − Structural assessments of damaged buildings
Structural assessments of damaged buildings
− − How/where to restart income
How/where to restart income-
generating activities
− − Joint decision making about relocation of town/village
Joint decision making about relocation of town/village
− − Recover of building materials and removal of debris
Recover of building materials and removal of debris
− − Reconnection of utilities
Reconnection of utilities
Medium-
Term
− − Land tenure/ownership issues
Land tenure/ownership issues
− − Financial/material resources to rebuild
Financial/material resources to rebuild
− − Timing
Timing
− − Access to shelter information/experience in improved
Access to shelter information/experience in improved construction construction
− − Inclusion of building standards for seismic areas for
Inclusion of building standards for seismic areas for all types of construction all types of construction
Long-
Term
− − Upgrading of building code; preparation of building
Upgrading of building code; preparation of building standards for specific areas standards for specific areas
− − Training related to the standards
Training related to the standards
− − Training and required resources for
Training and required resources for inspection/enforcement inspection/enforcement
− − Review/upgrading of construction materials
Review/upgrading of construction materials standards, quality control standards, quality control
Return to function as soon as possible
Conduct structural assessment and perform repairs before reopening damages schools before reopening damages schools
For more heavily damaged schools, do not reopen until repair and retrofit are complete until repair and retrofit are complete
Incorporate earthquake resistant construction techniques during construction of all new school techniques during construction of all new school
Ensure that workforce, transport and services are available and functioning normally available and functioning normally…………… ……………
Facilitate structural assessment and appropriate repair to hotel, guesthouses, sites of historic repair to hotel, guesthouses, sites of historic interest, etc. interest, etc.
Communicate restoration of services & positive approach of media approach of media
Conduct a detailed study of retrofit and other protection options specifically for cultural protection options specifically for cultural monuments and historic sites monuments and historic sites
Reported lives lost 13,805
Earthquake of magnitude 6.9 on Richter scale Earthquake of magnitude 6.9 on Richter scale
167,000 persons suffered injury One of the worst earthquakes in the last 180 years Over 11,00,000 homes affected by the calamity Around 50,00,000 people needed to be given immediate relief Over 10,000 small and medium industrial units went out of production 50,000 artisans lost their livelihood Over 2000 schools, 300 hospitals destroyed
To co To co-
created created – –
… … which effectively co which effectively co-
associated with disaster management associated with disaster management Reconstruction Reconstruction Planning and Planning and Program Program Management Management Emergency Emergency response response Guidance & Guidance & Monitoring Monitoring Mitigation Mitigation Planning, Planning, Monitoring, Monitoring, Implementing Implementing
Reconstruction & Reconstruction & Rehabilitation Rehabilitation
Physical Physical Infrastructure Infrastructure Social & Social & Economic Economic Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Livelihood Livelihood Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Health Health Education Education Urban Urban Reconstruction Reconstruction
The The reconstruction reconstruction program program has has been been designed designed to to address address the the needs needs of
beneficiaries comprehensively...
Housing Housing Capacity Capacity Building Building
28 28 Reconstruction Reconstruction and and Rehabilitation Rehabilitation packages packages
Housing (1.2 Million beneficiaries) Rehabilitation
women Packages for rural artisans Packages for capacity building Packages for handicraft artisans Packages for agriculture Packages for industry, trade and services Package for tourism
Short and Medium term Rehabilitation Policy... Short and Medium term Rehabilitation Policy...
1900 1900 TOTAL TOTAL 70 70 Others Others 107 107 Go India Go India 565 565 Go Go Gujrat Gujrat 37 37 The Netherlands The Netherlands 37 37 European Commission European Commission 368 368 ADB ADB 661 661 World Bank World Bank
Amount in Million US$
Third party quality audit, whose inspected 2,38,785 houses
Payment of installments after engineers’ ’ certification certification
Joint ownership of house by husband and wife
Insurance to 14 types of hazards
Payment made directly in bank accounts
Excise duty exemption for building materials procured in Kutch
Minimal relocation and no secondary displacement
Choice of relocation decided by village community
Multi-
hazard resistant reconstruction
Total houses repaired: 928,000 928,000
Houses reconstructed: 215,000 215,000
Public-
private-
partnership Housing Program: 42,528 42,528
Education – – (Repaired): (Repaired): 42,678 42,678
Education – – (Reconstructed): (Reconstructed): 8,212 8,212
3560 additional classrooms have been reconstructed additional classrooms have been reconstructed
Findings of the survey Findings of the survey
– – The program has not only restored Quality of Life Index to the
The program has not only restored Quality of Life Index to the pre pre-
earthquake levels but has also exceeded it
– – Significant improvement in the number of better (
Significant improvement in the number of better (pucca pucca) houses. ) houses. Overall sample has shown an increase of 35% Overall sample has shown an increase of 35%
– – 61% increase in beneficiaries living in homes with separate toil
61% increase in beneficiaries living in homes with separate toilets ets
– – Community and public infrastructure has been largely restored.
Community and public infrastructure has been largely restored.
– – Primary and secondary schools have been restored to pre
Primary and secondary schools have been restored to pre-
earthquake levels. More classrooms have been built in these schools. schools.
– – 57% beneficiaries are aware of housing insurance as compared
57% beneficiaries are aware of housing insurance as compared to 6.7% before the earthquake to 6.7% before the earthquake
– – The number of pipe connections has exceeded
The number of pipe connections has exceeded pre pre-
earthquake levels.
– – Agriculture: 90% of the beneficiaries had been
Agriculture: 90% of the beneficiaries had been able to obtain similar or more yield, while 87% able to obtain similar or more yield, while 87% were restored back to their original income or were restored back to their original income or more. more.
Contd.
Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority
Line departments
creation plans
Local administration
NGOs and research agencies
data
Individual beneficiaries
suffered
claims etc.
GoG
monitoring
guidelines
Funding agencies Other DMAs
etc.
Advisory Committee of experts
participation
partnerships
Committee of Technical experts
Normal/ pre disaster Immediately after disaster Post disaster
Reconstruction Mitigation Relief Reconstruction Mitigation Relief Reconstruction Mitigation
TIME Moving away from a purely relief focus...
Before DMA
Relief Reconstruction Mitigation Relief Reconstruction Mitigation
Future DMA
EFFORT … towards comprehensive disaster management
Focus of Disaster Management in the future
Consultants have been hired for the following Consultants have been hired for the following studies: studies:
– – Seismic Microzonation
Seismic Microzonation
– – Review Of Building Codes
Review Of Building Codes
– – Early Warning and Communication System
Early Warning and Communication System
– – Hazard, Vulnerability, Capacity and Risk Assessment
Hazard, Vulnerability, Capacity and Risk Assessment
Hiring of consultants for the studies is in Hiring of consultants for the studies is in progress: progress:
– – Damage & Loss Assessment
Damage & Loss Assessment
– – Establishment of Emergency Response Centres
Establishment of Emergency Response Centres
– – Information Technology for Disaster Management
Information Technology for Disaster Management
... and a ... and a limited impact limited impact
exchequer exchequer
Risk transfer mechanisms mechanisms
Effective program program management management … … with a with a limited death limited death toll toll
Contingency plans plans
Rapid response mechanisms mechanisms Only a few Only a few structures structures are are damaged damaged
Planned development development
Policies, guidelines guidelines Communities Communities react with sense react with sense
a planned way a planned way
Awareness
Training
Drills
Contingency plans plans Disaster Disaster strikes; strikes;
Risk assessment assessment
Information monitoring monitoring
Imagine a Gujarat where Imagine a Gujarat where… ….. ..
The process The process undertaken by a undertaken by a disaster disaster-
affected community to fully community to fully restore itself to pre restore itself to pre-
disaster level of functioning. functioning.
Actions taken in the Actions taken in the aftermath of a aftermath of a disaster to: disaster to:
assist victims to repair their repair their dwellings; dwellings;
re-
establish essential services; essential services;
revive key economic and social economic and social activities activities
Permanent Permanent measures to repair measures to repair
dwellings and dwellings and infrastructure and to infrastructure and to set the economy set the economy back on course. back on course.