Physics Beyond Colliders Annual Workshop Chris Quigg Fermi National - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

FERMILAB-SLIDES-18-033-T This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. Physics Beyond Colliders Annual Workshop Chris Quigg 
 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Fermilab Theory Seminar· 12 December 2017

Physics Beyond Colliders Annual Workshop 
 CERN· 21–22 November 2017 Study Group mandated by CERN Management to prepare the next European HEP strategy update (2019-20). Explore the opportunities offered by the CERN accelerator complex and infrastructure to get new insights into some of today’s outstanding questions in particle physics through projects complementary to high-energy colliders and other initiatives in the world. The focus is on fundamental physics questions that are similar in spirit to those addressed by high-energy colliders, but that may require different types of experiments. Time scale: next two decades Jörg Jaeckel· Mike Lamont· Claude Vallée 
 238 participants· 51 presentations 2

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CERN 20-year schedule Long Shutdown (LS) 13–14 TeV: → 1.7 × 10 34 , 300/fb 14 TeV: → 2 × 10 34 , 3000/fb 4 *outline LHC schedule out to 2035 presented by Frederick Bordry to the SPC and FC June 2015

RESOURCES FOR ACCELERATOR ACTIVITIES PBC study now officially included in the CERN Mid Term Plan • Resources have been assigned – our thanks to the directorate • 12 fellows at present (9 with BDF) plus some material … + many contributions from external institutes associated to the projects C. Vallée, CERN, 21 Nov. 2017 Introduction to the Physics Beyond Colliders Annual Workshop 8 CERN Medium-Term Plan 5

Complex already heavily solicited • LHC will continue to dominate • Diverse forward looking program already in place! North Area Nonetheless … Compare Fermilab now: 
 NO ν A 5.5 × 10 20 · BNB 3 × 10 20 · μ Campus 1.4 × 10 20 · Test Beams … Current capacity ≈ 1.3 × 10 21 6

CERN accelerator complex Non-LHC beams Eirini Koukovini Platia LS4 LS5 3 7

SHiP North Area BDF Klever, NA62++, NA64++ … Fixed Target ALICE Gamma factory AWAKE CAST AWAKE++ Fixed Target MoEDAL LHCb 8

nuSTORM OSQAR (IAXO) nTOF ATLAS HiRadMat LHCf, ALFA, AFP EDM AD ISOLDE East Area CLEAR 9

Link to experiments & projects 10

PBC DELIVERABLES in short One main overview document supplemented by : Accelerator documents: Beam Dump Facility : Conceptual Design of the BDF EDM ring : Fully developed feasibility study including preliminary costing Conventional beams : Study beam upgrades for extended or new fixed target projects LHC Fixed Target : Conceptual design of LHC internal crystal and gaseous targets Technology : Evaluation of possible CERN contributions to non-acc. projects Complex performance : Injector complex performance after LIU AWAKE++ : Exploratory study of possible applications of the AWAKE concept NuSTORM : Updated broad outline of a possible implementation at CERN Gamma Factory : Exploratory study of the concept feasibility BSM and QCD context documents with for each proposed project: Evaluation of the physics case in the worldwide context Possible further optimization of the detector For new projects: investigation of the uniqueness of CERN siting NB: no arbitration between projects to be done by PBC ! C. Vallée, CERN, 21 Nov. 2017 Introduction to the Physics Beyond Colliders Annual Workshop 11

A MATTER OF GROWING INTEREST WITHIN THE COMMUNITY e. e.g. ICFA Sem eminar, , 6-9 9 Nov. 2017 17, Ottawa Topics covered: large overlap with PBC study • Neutrinos, double beta decay • Dark matter: wimps, axions, dark photons… • Nuclear theory, nuclear astrophysics, • Ions, DIS, QCD • Flavour • Dipole moments • Cosmology: CMB, dark energy • Advanced accelerators, table-top experiments, quantum materials • LHC, future colliders, technology 12

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 Theorists’ motivations, ideas, wishes Philip Schuster: Hidden Sector with e – beam 
 sub-GeV dark matter; LDMX Jörg Jaeckel : BSM working group 
 Axion-like particles, pseudo-Goldstone bosons, etc. Kickoff Workshop, September 2016 
 M. Shaposhnikov · New physics below the Fermi scale 
 M. Pospelov · EDMs & precision (g–2) µ A. Ringwald · Axions, ALPs: Astro/cosmo motivations, tests C. Burrage · Detecting dark energy by atom interferometry 
 P. Graham· Precision measurement for particle physics 15

Basic Concept & Beam Requirements L DM X Target ✦ Electron beam impinging on target: Implementation at CERN? 
 • multi-GeV electrons 10 16 e – /year: 10 GeV, 
 • 1-200 MHz bunch spacing 1–10 e – /bunch per 5–25 ns 
 Stapnes talk • Ultra-low O(1-5) electrons per bunch ✦ Measure recoiling low-energy-fraction electron & its p T – Forward tracking in (small) B-field ✦ Reject events with visible particles carrying remaining energy – Deep, highly segmented calorimeter 39 16 Tuesday, 21 November, 17

LDMX Sensitivity Phase I: Based on 40 Targets for Thermal Relic DM MHz “single electron” LHC 10 - 4 rate 10 - 5 T LEP N E 10 - 6 R SHIP E 10 - 7 Phase I: 4 10 14 @ 4 GeV H y = e 2 a D H m c ê m A' L 4 BDX O Phase II: Based on 0.1-0.3 X 0 target 10 - 8 C e N handling O(5) t B s 10 - 9 BaBar e t S 4 6 A N electrons per bunch, LDMX Phase I 10 - 10 NA64 SBN p Pseudo - Dirac Fermion fully exploit granularity E137 10 - 11 Belle II and faster detectors I 10 - 12 LSND I e s a + requires new trigger h P 10 - 13 X M D 10 - 14 L 10 - 15 Designing for 4-8 GeV 10 - 16 (proposed) DASEL 10 2 10 3 1 10 beam at SLAC, or 11 m c @ MeV D GeV beam at Jefferson Unique potential to reach all thermal DM Lab. See backup. milestones at masses below ~200 MeV 44 17 Tuesday, 21 November, 17

SHiP ECAL/HCAL Significant progress in technology developments, e.g. - Sandwich calorimeter w. scintillating bars+SiPM Timing Detector - High-precision layers for directionality for ALP � gg 1. Plastic scintillator +SIPM 2. MRPC - Test beam 2018 - Test beam 2017 w. electronics - Demonstrated s t <100ps MUON 1. Scintilating bars+SiPM Spectrometer Straw tracker 2. Scintillatig tiles+SIPM - 20mm straw diameter in - Option 1 validated in test beam test beam 2017 m - Option 2 in 2018 - Studies of mechanics p Upstream MuonID - RPC - Optimized for avalanche mode Spectrometer Particle ID 50m Hidden Sector Spectrometer tracker decay volume - SciFi - Synergy with LHCb MuonID Emulsion 1.4m spectrometer Surrounding Background Tagger n t /iSHiP detector 1. Liquid scintillator + SiPM Target tracker 2. Plastic scintillator + SiPM 1. SciFi 2. GEM, m RWELL, MicroMega - Test beam w. LiqSci in 2017 - m RWELL w. m TPC mode in test beam 2017 - GEM and MicroMega in earlier test beams In addition: Specification of infrastructure and services for assembly, installation and operation � Evaluation of safety aspects � 18 Physics Beyond Collider Workshop, CERN, 21 – 22 November 2017 R. Jacobsson R. Jacobsson 5

Resumed studies of LFV t � 3 m at SHIP Opportunity already explored in SHiP Physics Proposal (Rep. Prog. Phys. 79 (2016) 124201) Parallel operation with n /iSHiP and dSHiP most efficient! � With 5x10 13 t decays in vacuum from 1% of 2x10 20 pot on � SHiP main target : U.L. on BR( t � 3 m) ~ 10 -10 or better Also opportunity for 𝐸 → 𝜈𝜈 ,… � Challenges � • Radiological aspects 1% beam loss Not yet subject of • Entire facility to be moved downstream by 20m facility studies Main backgrounds: 𝐸 𝑡 → 𝜃(𝜈 + 𝜈 − 𝛿)𝜈 − 𝜉 𝜈 and combinatorial • background from muons produced in η, ρ, ω decays � Very interesting and challenging technologically � Synergy with future upgrades of LHCb tracking and calorimetry E.g. 1mm W (multiple) target ~1mm W system intercepting 1% of 2x10 20 pot Target 6 s beam envelope incl. 5 mm orbit deviation and 10% beta beating � RMS 3mm 19 Physics Beyond Collider Workshop, CERN, 21 – 22 November 2017 R. Jacobsson R. Jacobsson 12

Physics at NA62 in Run 3 A rich field to be explored with minimal upgrades to the present setup 0. Run to refine πνν πνν measurement: need, dura8on, setup depend on measurement scenario 1. Present K + beam setup + trigger upgrades: unprecedented LFV/LNV sensi8vi8es from K + / π 0 2. 10 18 POT in “beam-dump” mode: NP searches for MeV-GeV mass hidden-sector candidates Current Run Run3 Run4 LS3 LS2 NA62: K + → π + ν ν , LNV/LFV decays, K + → π + ν ν , LFV/LNV @ ultimate sensitivity, hidden sector searches in K decays hidden sector searches (beam dump) 21/11/2017 PBC WG Mee8ng - CERN - T. Spadaro 4 20