Phthalates: Science, Policy & Perception (and emerging - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Phthalates: Science, Policy & Perception (and emerging alternatives) Tony Kingsbury VP Cardno ChemRisk September 17, 2013 Safer Consumer Products Pre Summit Workshop What We Do: Provide problem solving services to firms with product
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They are actually, phthalate esters, or esters of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers (substances added to PVC to increase their flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity of this plastic). Eight common Phthalates
More than 25 commercially available Phthalates & historically more than 300 plasticizers have been used over the past 80 yrs
Phthalates are additives used with other materials to impart desired properties. The addition of Phthalates to PVC as a Plasticizer is the most common use. Phthalates, can be found in many products and sectors including: toys, automobiles, packaging, cleaning materials, cosmetics, building materials, flooring, medical devices, clothing, and household furnishings. Largest Use: Wire & Cable Toys make up < 2%
With more than 25 commercially available Phthalates… one must ask … Why So Many Phthalates? Different sizes and configurations of the Alcohols (R units) gives different properties:
> 1999, European Union (EU) banned the use of six phthalates in the production of children’s toys … DINP, DEHP, DBP, BBP, DIDP & DnOP > 2008, US via Consumer Products Safety Commission followed EU in banning DINP, DEHP, DBP, BBP, DIDP, and DnOP in Children’s articles > Europe Classifies “low” phthalates (3-6 carbons in backbone) as Category 1B Reproductive Agents: Thus they may not be used in toys, childcare items and cosmetics. This same group of phthalates, which includes DBP, BBP, DIBP and DEHP, are recognized as "substances of very high concern" under REACH and are subject to authorization. > ECHA review of DINP and DIDP (toy restriction follow up): Concluded that
“existing restriction is justified” but “no further risk reduction measures are needed”
> Denmark national phthalate strategy published, 2013
> Denmark considers further bans despite ECHA opinion - Currently Delayed
> Australia (NICNAS) DINP review – no additional controls needed (included
consideration of cumulative exposures)
10,000 25,000 6,300 2,330 29,100 53,700 5,000 5,000 31,400 3,200 3,200 5,600 29,700 3,000 763 300
100 1,000 10,000 Banned Phthalates Phthalate Alternatives Reference Points
Oral LD50 (mg/kg) in Rats for Phthalates and Alternatives ‐ Log Scale
230 1700 430 610 76 970 189 700 13 810 19 960 5800 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 DINP DEHP DBP BBP DIDP DnOP DINCH DOTP ATBC TXIB TOTM DEHA HBCD
Banned Phthalates Alternatives
DINP DEHP DBP BBP DIDP DnOP DINCH DOTP ATBC TXIB TOTM DEHA
Banned Phthalates Alternatives
Back in the Bottle… Phthalates will continue to suffer poor public perception… don’t repeat mistakes with alternatives
will moderate
and potential for life cycle exposure … # of carbons in backbone critical
improvement over phthalates - Understand which is being used, why and potential for life cycle exposure…
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