(phase chages) 2 Heat and Temperature Notes Presentation - - PDF document

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Feb 05, 2023 183 likes •317 views

Heat and Temperature Notes Presentation Final.notebook All matter is made of moving particles I. Kinetic Theory of matter all particles in matter are constantly in motion a. Kinetic Energy is motion energy b. Therefore all particles in solids,

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Heat and Temperature Notes Presentation Final.notebook 1

All matter is made of moving particles

I. Kinetic Theory of matter – all

particles in matter are constantly in motion

a. Kinetic Energy is motion energy
b. Therefore all particles in solids, liquids

and gases have kinetic energy.

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Heat and Temperature Notes Presentation Final.notebook 2

C. Temperature is a measurement of the average

kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance. D.The faster the particles are moving the more kinetic energy they have, and increase the temperature.

E. All particles in a substance are moving but not at the

same speed and the speed can change. (phase chages)

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Heat and Temperature Notes Presentation Final.notebook 3

Temperature can be measured

I. 3 temperature scales: Celsius (0C), Fahrenheit (0F),

and Kelvin (K)

II. Absolute zero ‐ 0 K, and ‐273.15 0C , is the

temperature where there is no particle movement.

III. Thermometers measure temperature: Alcohol

expands when heated (liquid moves up the tube as it expands) and contracts when cooled (liquid moves down the tube as it contracts).

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Heat and Temperature Notes Presentation Final.notebook 4

Heat is DIFFERENT from temperature

I.Heat, temperature, and thermal energy are similar but not the same.

II. Temperature: average kinetic energy of particles

in a substance

III. Heat: flow of energy from a warmer substance

to a cooler substance. When energy is transferred the thermal energy of both substances changes

IV. Thermal Energy: the total kinetic energy of

particles in a substance.

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Heat and Temperature Notes Presentation Final.notebook 5

Measuring Heat

I. The most common units of heat measurement

are the CALORIE and the JOULE.

II. A calorie is the amount of ENERGY NEEDED TO

RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1 GRAM OF WATER 10C

III. A joule is the STANDARD SCIENTIFIC UNIT FOR

MEASURING ENERGY.

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Heat and Temperature Notes Presentation Final.notebook 6

Some Substances change temperature more easily than

thers
I. SPECIFIC HEAT: the amount of energy that is

required for 1gram of a substance to increase in temperature by 10C.

II. The more MASS an object has, more ENERGY is

required to produce an increase in temperature (get hotter).

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Heat and Temperature Notes Presentation Final.notebook 7

III. The more MASS an object has, more ENERGY

must be released to produce a decrease in temperature (get cooler).

Section 4.3: The Transfer of Energy as Heat can be Controlled

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Heat and Temperature Notes Presentation Final.notebook 8

Energy moves as heat in 3 ways

I. Conduction: ENERGY TRANSFERRED

THROUGH PHYSICAL CONTACT (OBJECTS MUST BE TOUCHING). Particles of a warmer object collide with particles of a cooler object and some of their energy is transferred to the cooler object.

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Heat and Temperature Notes Presentation Final.notebook 9

II. CONVECTION:
a. Only occurs in LIQUIDS and GASES
b. Caused by differences in densities, which

are caused by differences in temperatures.

i. Hotter=less dense Colder = more dense
C. LESS dense liquids and

gasses will FLOAT while MORE dense liquids and gasses SINK to the bottom; creating a convection current.

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Heat and Temperature Notes Presentation Final.notebook 10

Sea breeze… Land breeze….

D. Cycles of convection cause the CURRENTS in

the ocean, and WINDS in the atmosphere.

III. Radiation: ENERGY THAT TRAVELS AS

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

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Heat and Temperature Notes Presentation Final.notebook 11

A. All objects radiate at least a small amount of

energy

B. Electromagnetic waves: visible light, x‐rays,

microwaves, radio waves, gamma rays, ultra violet rays.

C. Unlike conduction or convection, radiation

can move through empty space (the universe, or a vacuum).

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Heat and Temperature Notes Presentation Final.notebook 12

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Heat and Temperature Notes Presentation Final.notebook 13

Different materials are used to control the transfer of energy.

I. CONDCUTORS are objects that transfer energy

easily. For example: metals (copper, iron,

magnesium etc..)

II. INSULATORS are objects that do not transfer