Cluster meeting CfC, SMooHS, Perpetuate, 3ENCULT, EU-CHIC 30-31 May 2011 Olimia Spa, Hotel Sotelia Congress Centre, Podčetrtek, Slovenia PERPETUATE project: a performance-based approach to earthquake protection of cultural heritage Sergio Lagomarsino Dept. of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Genoa, Italy
CONCEPTS AND OBJECTIVES PERformance-based aPproach to Earthquake proTection of cUlturAl heriTage in European and mediterranean countries Main objectives of the project: Development of European Guidelines for the evaluation and mitigation of seismic risk to cultural heritage assets. Both architectonic assets (historic buildings; macroelements) and artistic assets (frescos, stucco-works, statues, pinnacles, battlements, banisters, balconies …) are considered, with reference only to masonry structures. Two different scales are considered: a) assessment at the territorial scale including simplified vulnerability and risk analysis and policy issues for seismic risk mitigation b) assessment of a single cultural heritage asset and design of interventions
PERPETUATE LOGO PERPETUATE means “to preserve from extinction” In the case of cultural heritage assets this means to extend their survival towards infinity . The symbol of infinity is used as a conceptual key for the logo, together with the propagation of seismic waves. www.perpetuate.eu
PERPETUATE MANIFESTO (www.perpetuate.eu) Santa Maria Church in Tempera, L ’ Aquila (earthquake on April 6, 2009 - h. 3:30)
PARTNERS PARTNERS The Consortium consists of: - 6 Universities (Genoa, Thessaloniki, Athens, Ljubljana, Bath, Algiers) - 2 Public/Research Institutions (ENEA, Italy; BRGM, France) - 3 SMEs from Slovenia (ZMRK) and Italy (CENACOLO, PHASE).
PROJECT STRUCTURE WP9 COORDINATION STEERING COMMITEE WP1 DEFINITION OF SAFETY LEVELS WP3 WP2 FOUNDATION PROBLEMS AND DEFINITION OF THE SEISMIC SOIL/STRUCTURE HAZARD INTERACTIONS WP4 WP6 WP5 DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, MODELS FOR THE SEISMIC MODELS FOR THE SEISMIC MATERIAL PARAMETERS AND VULNERABILITY AT ANALYSIS AND THE DEISGN OF TERRITORIAL SCALE STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION INTERVENTIONS WP7 DEVELOPMENT OF A INTEGRATED METHODOLOGY AND APPLICATION TO CASE STUDIES WP8 GUIDELINES - DISSEMINATION
PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT Displacement-based approach for the seismic assessment of architectonic and artistic assets and for the design of strengthening interventions: 1)evaluation of the capacity curve by a non linear static analysis; 2)indentification of performance limit states; 3)evaluation of the performance point by capacity spectrum method Force NEAR INTEGRITY DAMAGE LOSS Artistic Asset Limit States LIFE SAFETY / COLLAPSE PREVENTION IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY RUINS Human - Architectonic Limit States PERFORMANCE POINT REDUCED DEMAND CAPACITY CURVE Displacement
BASIC PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS Main and secondary limit states ARTISTIC DAMAGE USE and ARCHITECTONIC LEVEL ASSETS ASSETS HUMAN LIFE T R =2475 4 RUINS T R =475 COLLAPSE LOSS 3 LIFE SAFETY PREVENTION PREVENTION T R =72 IMMEDIATE DAMAGE 2 LOW DAMAGE OCCUPANCY LIMITATION T R =50 1 OPERATIONAL NO DAMAGE INTEGRITY γ b γ a γ u
BASIC PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS Introduction of coefficients modifying the reference return period USE ( γ u ) 1. USE AND HUMAN LIFE FUNCTION OF: BUILDING USE; CROWDING LEVEL. γ u < 1 WETHER THE BUILDING IS RARELY USED. IF γ u < 1, THE ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE LEVEL “IO” IS NOT REQUIRED. ARCHITECTONIC RELEVANCE ( γ b ) 2. ARCHITECTONIC ASSETS FUNCTION OF: CULTURAL VALUE OF THE BUILDING ITSELF. γ b > 1 WETHER THE BUILDING HAS A PARTICULAR CULTURAL RELEVANCE. γ b > 1, THE ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE LEVEL “RU” IS REQUIRED 3. ARTISTIC ASSETS ARTISTIC RELEVANCE ( γ a ) FUNCTION OF: CULTURAL VALUE OF THE ARTISTIC ASSETS PRESENT IN THE BUILDING. γ a > 1 WETHER THE ASSETS HAVE A PARTICULAR CULTURAL RELEVANCE. γ a > 1, THE ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE LEVEL “LP” IS REQUIRED
PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT Multicriteria probabilistic approach for the definition of performance limit states: 1) global behaviour; 2) macroelement; 3) local damage ARTISTIC ASSETS ARCHITECTONIC ASSETS USE and HUMAN LIFE S a 2 USE - IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY 3 USE - LIFE SAFETY 2- ARTISTIC 3 BUILDING - - LOW COLLAPSE 3 ARTISTIC - DAMAGE PREVENTION LOSS PREVENTION 4 BUILDING - RUINS S d
PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT T R T R T R 50 γ a 50 γ u 475 γ u 475 γ a 475 γ b 2475 γ b S a 2 USE - IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY 3 USE - LIFE SAFETY 2- ARTISTIC 3 BUILDING - - LOW COLLAPSE 3 ARTISTIC - DAMAGE PREVENTION LOSS PREVENTION 4 BUILDING - RUINS S d
DELIVERABLES N° Deliverable title Classification of the cultural heritage assets, description of D4 the limit states and identification of damage parameters Abacus of the most common seismic damage D5 Review of innovative techniques for the knowledge of D6 cultural assets (geometry, technologies, decay, …) Review of existing structural models for global response D7 and local mechanisms Review and validation of existing seismic vulnerability D8 displacement-based models Characterization of the seismic hazard scenario for D10 historical buildings
CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHITECTONIC ASSETS It is functional to model main seismic behaviour of buildings Classes Description List of assets This class collects architectonic assets with two main bearing structural elements: vertical walls A1 palaces , A2 castles , A3 A and horizontal floors . If they are properly connected, mutual cooperation between the structural religious houses , A4 caravansaries , elements allows the building to behave as a box . A5 madrasas This class collects architectonic assets which are characterized by wide spaces without B1 churches , B2 mosques , B3 intermediate floors and few inner walls. Independent damage mechanisms occurs in the temples , B4 baptisteries, B5 B different parts of the building, and it is often possible to recognize specific structural mausoleum , B6 hammam B7 macroelements (façade, triumphal arch, apse, dome, transept,…). theatres This class collects architectonic assets in which the vertical dimension prevails on the other C1 towers , C2 bell towers , C3 C ones. Since usually, these buildings are characterized by significant slenderness, their seismic minarets , C4 lighthouses , C5 response may be assumed as a global flexural behavior . chimneys This class collects architectonic assets in which the main structural element is an arch or a vault . D1 triumphal arches , D2 D Both single arches or much more complex constructions based on this basic structural element aqueducts , D3 bridges , D4 cloisters are included. This class collects massive constructions in which the wide thickness of walls, if compared to E1 fortresses , E2 defensive city E other dimensions, doesn’t allow the idealization as plane structural element. Local failure walls occurs as, for example, the detachment of external leaf. This class collects single isolated architectonic assets , which does not delimit an interior space. F1 columns , F2 trilithes , F3 F obelisks , F4 archaeological ruins This class refers to historical centers , made of ordinary buildings’ aggregates, which assume G the relevance of cultural heritage asset as whole in the urban context. The seismic response must consider the interaction among adjacent buildings.
CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHITECTONIC ASSETS BOX- TYPE STRUCTURES (vertical walls and horizontal floors) Classes Description List of assets This class collects architectonic assets with two main bearing structural elements: vertical A1 palaces , A2 castles , A3 A religious houses , A4 caravansaries , walls and horizontal floors . If they are properly connected, mutual cooperation between the A5 madrasas structural elements allows the building to behave as a box . A1 Palaces A2 Castles A3 Religious houses A4 Caravansaries
CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHITECTONIC ASSETS WIDE HALLS WITHOUT INTERMEDIATE FLOORS (macroelements) Classes Description List of assets This class collects architectonic assets which are characterized by wide spaces without B1 churches , B2 mosques , B3 temples , B4 baptisteries, B5 intermediate floors and few inner walls. Independent damage mechanisms occurs in the B mausoleum , B6 hammam B7 different parts of the building, and it is often possible to recognize specific structural theatres macroelements (façade, triumphal arch, apse, dome, transept,…). B6 Hammam B1 Churches B2 Mosques
CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHITECTONIC ASSETS SLENDER MASONRY STRUCTURES Classes Description List of assets This class collects architectonic assets in which the vertical dimension prevails on the other C1 towers , C2 bell towers , C3 C minarets , C4 lighthouses , C5 ones. Since usually, these buildings are characterized by significant slenderness, their seismic chimneys response may be assumed as a global flexural behavior . C1 Towers C2 Bell Towers C3 Minarets C4 Lighthouses
CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHITECTONIC ASSETS ARCHED AND VAULTED STRUCTURES Classes Description List of assets This class collects architectonic assets in which the main structural element is an arch or a D1 triumphal arches , D2 D aqueducts , D3 bridges , D4 cloisters vault . Both single arches or much more complex constructions based on this basic structural element are included. D1 Triumphal arches D4 Cloisters
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