Pathogen evolution Introduction to Evolution and Scientific Inquiry - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Pathogen evolution Introduction to Evolution and Scientific Inquiry Dr. Stephanie J. Spielman; spielman@rowan.edu

Influenza

Emergence of novel influenza strains Known hosts: birds (mostly "poultry") ● pigs ● whales ● seals ● horses ● cats ● humans ● https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nejm.org%2Fdoi%2F full%2F10.1056%2FNEJMp058281&psig=AOvVaw2rx4GX8elZp6JIZAsl8nX0&ust= 1587066054765000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjhxqFwoTCNjtxPqX6-gC FQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

"Evolutionary arms race" with host

Host immune system → selection pressure on virus

Phylogeny of flu therefore tends to look like a ladder

The phylogeography of HIV

Retroviruses have very high mutation rates, and more...

INTRAhost phylogenies https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3892624/

Inter/intra-host phylogeny

Phylogenetic Forensics: the FL dentist…..

Phylogenetic Forensics: the FL dentist…..

A phylogeny of human HIV subtypes and close SIV relatives

Dynamics of SIV: Group O/P reservoir in gorillas https://www.pnas.org/content/112/11/E1343

How did HIV get to the United States? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC21 41817/

HIV in the United States: "Patient 0"

Was Patient 0 the first American with HIV?