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Electrical Power and Energy Conference 2012 Resilient Green Energy Systems for a Sustainable Society Particle Swarm Optimization for Voltage Stability Analysis Dinesh Rangana Gurusinghe University of Manitoba, Canada Weerakorn Ongsakul Asian

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Particle Swarm Optimization for Voltage Stability Analysis

Dinesh Rangana Gurusinghe

University of Manitoba, Canada

Weerakorn Ongsakul

Asian Institute of Technolgy, Thailand

Electrical Power and Energy Conference 2012 Resilient Green Energy Systems for a Sustainable Society October 12, 2012

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Outline

  • Introduction
  • Objectives
  • Concept of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
  • Methodology
  • Results and Discussion
  • Conclusion and Recommendations
  • Areas for Improvements
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Introduction

  • Voltage collapse point (VCP) : following a disturbance there is a

time where power system voltages become uncontrollable and it is known as VCP

  • An effective approach to determine VCP greatly assists planning

and operation of power system

  • Already establish methods, such as Multiple Power Flow (MPF)

and Continuation Power Flow (CPF) methods provides the accurate VCP but relatively more time consuming as they engaged with several power flow computations

  • But effective optimization approaches can furnish the Optimal

Operating Condition (OOC) with adequate accuracy but less computation effort

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Objectives

The primary objective of the research is to introduce accurate, but less time consuming PSO based novel approach to find VCP in power system.

  • 1. To develop an effective PSO based approach for determining

the VCP of power systems

  • 2. To apply the proposed approach for analysing diverse

applications of VSA

  • 3. To compare the effectiveness of the proposed approach

including different versions of PSO to CPF method and eigenvalue analysis

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Concept of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)

II IV I III

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PSO Algorithm

Initialize Particles Evaluate Particles’ Fitness Update Particles iter=iter+1 iter<iter_max Stop Yes

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Methodology – Outlined Flow Chart

Determine the VCP point using different versions of PSO, namely, Basic PSO, TVIW and TVAC

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Methodology – Problem Formulation

  • Objective Function
  • At the VCP point, active and reactive power at all load buses are

maximized

  • In the study, active power at a random load bus is selected as the
  • bjective function
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Methodology – Problem Formulation (Cont…)

  • Constraints
  • The constraint related to the power factor at PQ buses
  • The constraint related to the definite direction of power increase at

PQ buses (It is assumed that bus 1 is selected as the objective bus)

  • The constraint related to the constant active power generation at PV

buses

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Methodology – Problem Formulation (Cont…)

  • Constraints – Cont…
  • The constraint related to reactive power limit of the PV buses and

the slack bus

  • The constraint related to active power limit of the PV buses and the

slack bus

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Methodology – PSO

  • Number of particles is set as d and each particle should have attributes
  • f voltage magnitudes of PQ buses and phase angles of both PQ and

PV buses

  • Phase angles are randomly initialized in such a way that initialized

values should be lied within ±100 and voltage magnitudes for PQ buses are initialized according to the modified constraint equation,

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Methodology – PSO (Cont…)

  • Active power adjustments (PV buses PQ buses except selected load

bus) to satisfy equality constraints,

  • For PV buses if
  • For PV buses if
  • In PQ buses, phase angle should be adjusted in opposite way
  • The phase angle adjustment process should be continued until the

residuals of active power differences within the specified accuracy limit. i.e.

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Methodology – PSO (Cont…)

  • Particles can be represented as,
  • r
  • The velocity vectors corresponding to the particles are randomly

initiated as represented as

  • Generator reactive power limits can be handled with a Penalty function
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Methodology – PSO Method (Cont…)

  • Adjust voltage magnitudes of generation buses according to reactive

power injection,

  • Adjust voltage magnitudes of voltage compensation buses according to

reactive power injection,

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Methodology – PSO Method (Cont…)

  • The best previous position of a particle is recorded and represented as,
  • The best among all particles in the group so far, it is represented as,
  • The particle positions are updated according to the velocity equation as,
  • The new position of the particle can be obtained as,
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Methodology – PSO Method (Cont…)

  • In Basic PSO, all four parameters of the velocity equation are fixed
  • In TVIW PSO,
  • In TVAC PSO,
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Test Results

Values for Tuning Parameters of Proposed PSO Versions

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Test Results

There are four test cases, specifically,

  • Determination the SNB point
  • considering reactive power limits of generators
  • optimal operating condition (OOC) considering both active

and reactive power limits of generators

  • Diverse applications of voltage stability analysis under optimal
  • perating condition
  • OOC under (N-1) contingency criterion
  • OOC with a voltage compensation devices
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NEW ANURADHAPURA MAHO HORANA AMBALANGODA PANNALA ATURUGIRIYA SAPUGASKANDA PANNIPITIYA ORUWALA BIYAGAMA VEYANGODA MATUGAMA KELANITISSA COL-F COL-E COL-C KELANITISSA RATMALANA KOLONNAWA PANADURA DEHIWALA SRI J'PURA KERAWALAPITIYA KATUNAYAKE KOTUGODA BOLAWATTA ANIYAKANDA LAKDANAWI ATURUGIRIYA ORUWALA SRI J'PURA DEHIWALA RATMALANA COL-A PANNIPITIYA KHD COL-I KOLONNAWA MADAMPE NOROCHCHOLAI PUTTALAM RATNAPURA MATARA KUKULE DENIYAYA HAMBANTOTA SAMANALAWEWA UPPER KOTMALE WIMALASURENDRA KOTMALE SEETHAWAKA POLPITIYA KOSGAMA LAXAPANA CANYON LAXAPANA NEW KIRIBATHKUMBURA THULHIRIYA N'ELIYA BALANGODA BADULLA RANDENIGALA VICTORIA PALLEKELE RANTEMBE KURUNEGALA HABARANA BOWATENNA UKUWELA NAULA POLONNARUWA MONARAGALA INGINIYAGALA AMPARA PADDIRIPPU VALACHCHANAI CHUNNAKAM KERAWALAPITIYA BIYAGAMA KELANIYA S'KANDA ANIYAKANDA KOTUGODA

220/132 kV Sub Station Thermal Power Station Hydro Power Station 132kV GS

KAPPALTURAI ANURADHAPURA VAVUNIA KILINOCHCHI

220kV Line 132kV : Line 132kV : Underground Cable

BEDDEGAMA GALLE MAHIYANGANA NEW HABARANA TRINCOMALEE PS TRINCOMALEE NEW CHILAW BELIATTA WELIGAMA MORATUWA KEGALLE PILIYANDALA COL-B COL-K KIRINDIWELA KADAWATHA ARANGALA

Test Results : Power System of Sri Lanka

(182 buses)

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  • 1 : Considering Reactive Power Limit of Generators

Test Results : Power System of SL (Cont…)

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  • 2 : Optimal Operating Condition with Generator Limits

Test Results : Power System of SL (Cont…)

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  • 3 : OOC under (N-1) Contingency Criterion

Test Results : Power System of SL (Cont…)

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  • 3 : OOC under (N-1) Contingency Criterion (Cont…)

Test Results : Power System of SL (Cont…)

0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 Base 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 Contingency Loading Factor, λc

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  • 4 : OOC with an installation of 100MVar SVC at bus 45 (JPURA_3)

Test Results : Power System of SL (Cont…)

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  • Summary results of Test System

Test Results : Power System of SL (Cont…)

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  • The study introduces a new optimization approach, which

directly calculates the VCP without several power flow computations by PSO

  • The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been tested on

the power system of Sri Lanka. Test results are evaluated with the CPF method and the optimality is verified by eigenvalue analysis

  • Results confirms that the proposed PSO based approach is very

valuable as it produces accurate, technically feasible, optimal solution for the 182-bus power system of Sri Lanka

  • It is recommended to install sufficient reactive power resources

to most critical buses identified in (N-1) contingency criterion to enhance the VCP of the power system of Sri Lanka

Conclusion and Recommendations

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  • It is important to study the behaviour of OLTC and the optimal

tap setting, which furnishes the OOC

  • It is better to check the performance of the proposed PSO based

approach with different types of voltage compensators other than capacitors and SVC

  • The study is limited to Basic PSO, TVIW PSO, and TVAC PSO

and they do not show a significant difference. However, it is vital to consider other types of PSO versions

Areas for Improvements

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Thank You and Questions?

Acknowledgement

The Royal Thai Government (HM Queen Scholarship Program)