Overview of the Nagaoka Pilot Project Storing CO 2 in Saline Aquifer - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Overview of the Nagaoka Pilot Project Storing CO2 in Saline Aquifer

Ziqiu Xue (xue@rite.or.jp) Research Institute of Innovative Tech. for the Earth

Purpose of Nagaoka Pilot Project

• World CCS Projects（＠２０００）

・Sleipner（Norway, Aquifer, Associated CO2）

・ Weyburn（Canada, EOR, Coal Gasification）

（Verification of CO2 Storage in Complex Geology)

ーNagaoka Projectー

1st on-shore aquifer CO2 injection test

Nagaoka CO2 Storage Project Workflow

Pre-Injection Phase: 3-5 years

• Site selection
• Characterization
• Design

Injection Phase: 10-50 years

• Construction
• Monitoring
• CO2 injection

Post-Injection Phase: 100+ years

• Ceasing injection
• Decommissioning
• Surveillance

2003.7 2000.12 (1.5 years) 10,400 Ton 2005.1 (2.5 years) Nagaoka (pilot test site)

The First Case on Post-Injection Monitoring

(10 years) 2015.3

Commercialized CCS

Overview and Objectives of the Project

• A Pilot-scale Demonstration -

 Improved Understanding of the CO2 Movement in the Porous Sandstone Reservoir

► Seismic Wave Velocity Response to CO2 Injection ► Mechanism for the Injected CO2 Displacing the Formation Water ► Crosswell Seismic Tomography and Well Logging ► Measurements of the Formation Pressure Buildup ► 3D Surface Seismic Survey ► a simulator for the long-term behavior predication ► system studies on modeling and public outreach

Site Selection ・Continuity of cap rock

・Gentle tilted reservoir ・Depth（800-1200m）, ・Thickness （>10m） ・No faults within 1.5km2 ・Details data for subsurface

Geological Factors Operational Factors Social Acceptance, Well yard etc.

5000m Gas production

Active gas field at Minami Nagaoka (INPEX Co.)

1100m Reservoir

Overview of the Nagaoka Site

Lorry CO2 Tank Pump Compressor

• Injec. Well

120m 40m 60m IW-1 OB-2 OB-3

• Obs. Well

Well Configuration at the Reservoir Depth

OB-4

• Injec. Period; Jul. 2003~Jan. 2005
• Total amount; 10,400 ton CO2
• Rate; 20~40 ton/day
• Reservoir; Haizume Formation

(Pleistocene Sand)

• Injec. Layer; Zone 2, 12m-thick
• Porosity; 23%
• Permeability; ave. 7mD (Pump-test)
• Conditions; 48oC, 11MPa

Reservoir Modelling & Simulation

• Summing up all Knowledge of Injection Site -

Reservoir (Haizume Formation) Injection point is Edge of Anticline Based on seismic, logging, and core Pre-Injection：Evaluate injection plan (Injectivity) （Reservoir model is build based on the seismic and well data） During Injection：History matching with pressure & logging data （Reservoir model is updated by the monitoring data） Post-Injection：Long-term prediction of CO2 distributions （Based on the accurate reservoir model considering with trapping mechanisms, long-term prediction is acceptable）

Detection of CO2 breakthrough by time-lapse logging

OB-4 OB-3 OB-2

Sonic Logging @ OB-2

14th 16th 18th 20th 22nd 24th 26th 28th 30th 32nd 34th 36th

Post-injection

Vp changes

• 1.0 0.5

BL

Average up to 13th

End of CO2 injection (24th) 37th

24th

37th

Vp: -23%

14th

Neutron Logging @ OB-2

14th 16th 18th 20th 22nd 24th 26th 28th 30th 32nd 34th 36th

Post-injection

fn changes

• 0.15 0.05

BL End of CO2 injection (24th) 37th

Induction Logging @ OB-2

14th 16th 18th 20th 22nd 24th 26th 28th 30th 32nd 34th 36th 15th 17th 19th 21st 23rd 25th 27th 29th 31st 33rd 35th 37th

Resistivity changes

• 0.5 1.5

Post-injection

BL End of CO2 injection (24th) 37th

24th

37th

Time Series of Logging Data (1116.0m @ OB-2)

7 6 5 4

 (ohm-m)

3 2 1 Vp (km/sec)

Breakthrough CO2 injection period

0.8 0.4 0.0 SCO2

2003/01/01 2005/01/01 2007/01/01 2009/01/01 2011/01/01

Date

Imbibition SCO2 max. 63%

0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 CO2 Saturation 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 Vp (km/sec) 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5

 (ohm-m)

0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 CO2 Saturation 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 Vp (km/sec)

P-wave Velocity and Resistivity vs CO2 saturation (1116.0m @ OB-2)

5yr 3yr 2yr Vp

ρ

SCO2 max. 63% Joint monitoring is key to understand CO2 behavior.

Time-lapse Tomography OB2 – OB3 Section (160m)

200 100

2002/01/01 2003/01/01 2004/01/01 2005/01/01 2006/01/01 2007/01/01 2008/01/01

40 20 1500 1000 500

• 500

Elapsed Time (day) Total Injection：10,400 ton

Injection Rate：20~40 ton/day

Injection Rate(t-CO2/day) Cumulative Injection MS2：After 6,200t MS4：After 10,400t(End Injection) MS3：After 8,900t MS5：After 9 months MS6：After 2year 9 months MS1:After 3,200t BLS:Base Line 1Section 3Section Injection Period Post-Injection

Seismic Tomography

1000 900 1100 1200

OB-2 OB-3

IW-1

• 10
• 3
• 2
• 1
• 4
• 5

MS4 10,400 t-CO2 Velocity Change= (VMS4-VBLS) / VBLS

• Max. Velocity Change= -3.5%

BLS

Top of Reservoir Velocity Change (%)

(m)

3.30 2.85 2.50 速度(km/sec) 3.30 2.85 2.50 速度(km/sec)

Post-Injection： 10,400 t-CO2 Time –lapse seismic tomography

3D Reservoir Model kh = (kx·ky)-0.5, ky/kx = 1.2

CO2 Distribution at Terminating Injection

IW-1 OB-2 OB-3 OB-4

Results of Reservoir Simulation

Distribution of Injected CO2

（Comparison Reservoir simulation and Tomography）

Simulation Results

OB-3 OB-2 OB-3 OB-2

Ray paths : no travel time difference

Garcia (2009)

• Reservoir Model

 CO2 Distribution Simulation  History Matching

Accurate Reservoir Model Anisotropic Permeability

・CO2 Breakthrough time ・Seismic tomography ・Bottom hole pressure ・Reservoir pressure Evolution of Reservoir Model by History Matching Evolution of Reservoir Model

Resistivity Changes with Time @ OB-2

Depth (mMD) Elapsed time from 7 July 2003 (day) CO2 injection Post-injection

Delta from the base line data 0.8

• 0.4

0 ohm-m 0.4

1108 1120 1600

CHDT @ 1108.6 m CHDT @ 1114.0 m CHDT @ 1118.0 m Geochemical monitoring: Fluid sampling by Cased Hole Dynamics Tester

CO2 Breakthrough CO2 Migration

Increased: HCO3

• , Ca, Mg and Fe @1118m

20000 10000 Cumulative amount (t-CO2)

2003/01/01 2005/01/01 2007/01/01 2009/01/01 2011/01/01

Date 40 20 Injection rate (t-CO2/day) 13 12 11 Pressure (MPa) 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 Elapsed Time from 7 July 2003 (day)

Injection Rate (t-CO2/day) Cumulative amount (t-CO2/day)

Injection History and Formation Pressure

IW-1 OB-4

Total; 10,400 ton Rate; 20~40 ton/day

Driving force of CO2 at post-injection phase : Buoyancy due to density difference between CO2 and formation water

(Juanes et al., 2006)

Residual CO2 trapping is happening at Nagaoka?

Residual CO2 at the down-dip in the reservoir (1116.0m @ OB-2)

0.8 0.4 0.0 SCO2

2003/01/01 2005/01/01 2007/01/01 2009/01/01 2011/01/01

Date

Sgr(max) ~20%

Post-injection Injection

Main Shock: 2004/10/23 17:56 M6.8

• 800.0
• 600.0
• 400.0
• 200.0

0.0 200.0 400.0 600.0 800.0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

• 800.0
• 600.0
• 400.0
• 200.0

0.0 200.0 400.0 600.0 800.0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

• 800.0
• 600.0
• 400.0
• 200.0

0.0 200.0 400.0 600.0 800.0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

time (sec)

地表地震計による地震波形

Vertical (gal)

NS

(gal) EW (gal)

Max：705 gal

time (sec)

Liquid CO2 Tank

Diameter: 3.8 m Height : 18 m

No Damages !

Injection Well Observation Wells

CO2 Pipeline

Near the Observation Wells

After the Earthquake (Oct. 25, 2004)

Investigation for the possibility of CO2 geological storage in complex stratum, Japan Study on the underground behavior of injected CO2 Modeling of CO2 behavior Safety assessment of CO2 injected underground 10,400 t-CO2 was successfully injected at rate of 20-40t-CO2/day into a saline aquifer of 1,100 m depth Any CO2 leakage sign by the earthquakes didn't be detected Measurement of temperature and pressure at top and bottom of the reservoir formation Micro-seismicity measurement Time-lapse Well logging and fluid sampling Time-lapse Cross-well seismic tomography CO2 behavior was simulated with history matching using monitoring results Basic knowledge of aquifer storage in Japan is obtained. Test results are utilized for the development of safety assessment and storage potential evaluation.

＋ ＋ Primary targets Major results

Nagaoka pilot test: targets and results

Acknowledgements

• This project is funded by Ministry of

Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) of Japan.

• We appreciate staff of ENAA, INPEX Co.,

Geophysical Surveying Co. Ltd., OYO Co., GERD and RITE involved in the Nagaoka pilot CO2 injection project.