Overvie view w of Turbule ulent nt Reacti ting ng Flows Ou - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Overvie view w of Turbule ulent nt Reacti ting ng Flows

Various ious Application ations Overvie view w of available able reacti ting ng flow models ls LES S Latest est additi tions

• ns

Exam ample ple Cases Summa ummary

Ou Outl tline ne

Ev Ever-Ex Expan panding ing application ion coverage rage

– Gas turbine, process heaters, burners, and furnaces

• Partially-premixed combustion models

– High-speed jet engines (Ramjet, Scramjet)

• Coupled solver with combustion models

– Chemical Vapor Deposition

• Detailed/Global Surface chemistry
• multi-component diffusion

– Aftertreatment (Automotive)

• Detailed/Global Surface chemistry

Reacting cting Flows Applic icat ations ions in STAR-CCM+ CM+

Reacting cting Flows Applic icat ations ions in STAR-CCM+ CM+

– Chemical Process Industry (liquid-liquid reactions)

• Finite-rate chemistry model with a flexibility to modify EOS
• EMP inter/intra-phase reactions
• Moment methods
• Surface Chemistry

– Rocket Engines (Solid, Liquid, and Hybrid)

• Particle Reactions in Lagrangian
• Real–Gas model with EBU Combustion

– Energy Industry (Coal and Biomass combustion)

• Multiple Coal Types and gas-fuel in a single simulation

– Oil and Gas

• Multiple-Phase reactions (intraphase and interphase)

Prim imar ary and nd Seconda ndary y Break-up up Turbu bulenc lence e Disper ersion ion Mass s Transf sfer er Collisi llisions/C

• ns/Coa
• ales

lescence ence Dr Drople plet-Wall ll Int nteractions ractions & F & Flui uid-Film Film Formation ation

Spray y Ph Physi sics cs for Liquid d Fuels els

Non Non-Premi remixed d Combustio tion

– EBU – PPDF

• Equilibrium
• Flamelet

Premix ixed d Combustio tion

– CFM (Choice for Laminar flame speed) – PEBU

Pa Partial tially-Pr Premix mixed ed Combustion ion

– PCFM

• Equilibrium
• Flamelet

– EBU

Surface ace Reactio ions ns with and witho hout ut DARS-CFD FD

Reacti acting ng Flo low w Mo Models ls in STAR AR-CCM+ CCM+

Rea eacti ting g Fl Flow Mode dels in in STAR-CC CCM+ M+

Non-Prem Premixe ixed d Combustion bustion

EBU Complex Chemistry PPDF PVM PVM TFM Stand andar ard d EBU Hybrid brid EBU Combined bined Time Scale ale EBU Kinet netics ics Only ly EBU Oper erat ator

• r Split

itting ing

Solve lves s for Comple lex x Chemist istry ry usin ing DARS-CFD CFD Mode del. l. Turbu rbule lence ce-ch chemist istry ry Inte tera racti ctions s usin ing Eddy y Dissip sipati tion (EDC) C). .

Adiabat iabatic ic /Non

• n-Adia

Adiaba batic ic Equil uilibri ibrium

Infi finite tely ly fast t chemist istry.

• ry. Heat

t loss ss can be consid sidere red for non-adia iabati tic c versio sion

Adiabat iabatic ic /Non

• n-Adia

Adiaba batic ic Flam amelet elet

Used when non-equili libriu ium and scala lar r dissip sipati tion rate effe fects cts are importa tant t Look-up table le generate rated usin ing DARS steady y Flamele lets. ts. Computa tati tionall lly y less s inte tensive sive way of inco corpo rporati rating reali listi stic c chemist istry. ry.

PVM Model el

Along with Mixture re Facti tion, , a progre ress ss varia riable le (chemica ical l enth thalp lpy) y) shows ws the progre ress ss of combusti stion. DARS RS consta stant t pressu ssure re reacto ctor r used to gene nerat ate look-up up table base sed on initi tial l condit itio ions s and deta tail iled chemist istry. ry.

TFM Model del

Used only y with LES. . Increa rease ses s flame thickn ckness ss by using a flame thicke ickenin ing facto ctor. r.

React cting ng Fl Flow Models s in ST STAR AR-CCM+

Premix emixed d Combu bustio stion

PEBU Complex Chemistry CFM TFM Fuel el mass frac actio ion n track racked ed on the e grid. id. Spec ecie ies mass frac raction ions obtaine ined d using ing 1-step ep global

• bal

schem heme. Used ed when n detail ailed d chem hemis istry ry descri riptio ion n is des esir ired ed. Solv lves es ODEs and d is comput putatio ionall nally inten ensiv ive. Flam ame e area ea dens nsity ity and fuel el mass frac action ion trac acked ed on the e grid. id. Uses es 1 step ep globa bal l reaction ion schem

• heme. Differen

rent flame speed peed models els avail ilable: ble: Guil ilder der metho hod, d, Metgh ghalchi alchi method

• d, or User

r Defined ined Used ed in 3-D LES calculat lculation ions for r gas turbine urbine combu bustor

• rs.

Pref eferr rred ed with h prem emixed ixed combu bustion ion. Typical pical choice ice of flow model del is segre grega gated. d.

Rea eacti ting g Fl Flow Mode dels in in STAR-CC CCM+ M+

Part rtially ially-Pre Premixed mixed Combustion bustion

EBU Homogeneous Reactor PCFM PVM TFM Stand andar ard d EBU Hybrid brid EBU Combined bined Time Scale ale EBU Kinet netics ics Only ly EBU Oper erat ator

• r Split

itting ing

Solve lves s for Comple lex x Che hemistry istry usin ing g DARS- CFD. . Turbule lence ce-ch chemist istry ry Inte tera racti ctions s can be acco counte ted using Eddy y Dissip sipati tion (EDC) C). .

Adiabat iabatic ic /Non

• n-Adia

Adiaba batic ic

Premixe ixed combusti stion proce cess ss handle led with Coheren rent t Flame Model, l, Non

• n-pre

premixe ixed combu bustio stion n proce cess ss simula late ted using PPDF DF. . Both th Equil ilib ibriu ium and Flamele let t models ls avail ilable le for PPDF. F.

PVM Model el

Along with Mixture re Facti tion, , a progre ress ss varia riable le (chemica ical l enth thalp lpy) y) shows ws the progre ress ss of combusti stion. DARS RS consta stant t pressu ssure re reacto ctor r used to generate rate look-up up table base sed on initi tial l condit itio ions s and deta tail iled chemist istry. ry.

TFM Model del

Used only y with LES. . Increa rease ses s flame thickn ckness ss by using a flame thicke ickenin ing facto ctor. r.

• Flamele

elet based ed model. el.

• Uses

es method hod of moment ents to calculat lculate part rticle icle size e distribution ibution func unction ion. Models dels NOx trans anspo port rt equat ation ion.

Em Emiss issions ions Model el

Soot NOx

Em Emissi sion

• n Models

s in ST STAR AR-CCM+

Therm ermal al NOx 4dif ifferen rent models dels avai aila lable ble based ed on 3- step ep exten ended ded Zeldov dovic ich mechan hanis ism.

• Basic

ic Zeldov dovich ich model el

• PPDF Equil

ilibri ibrium

• PPDF Flamelet

elet

• Flamelet

elet library rary Prom

• mpt

pt NOx Needed eded under der fuel el rich h condit nditio ions ns and d in low tempe pera rature re regions. gions. Fuel el NOx Used ed for fuels els with h nitrog rogen en cont ntent

• ent. Can

be used ed for r a gaseous eous fuel, l, or liquid/c uid/coa

• al

l in the e Lagra grangia ngian n phas ases es. CO CO trans anspor

• rt equat

uation ion solv lved with h PVM PVM Combus bustio ion n Model el

02/01/12 adapco Report 531-0015-001 Page 11

Perspe spectiv ctive e view (endwall all open) ) into furnace

Mesh size is 35 Million cells

02/01/12 adapco Report 531-0015-001 Page 12

Burne ner r insta talled lled geome metr try

Tertiary (premixed) gas tips Tile Gas tips drilled per Zeeco GA

02/01/12 adapco Report 531-0015-001 Page 13

Temperatu perature re shown wn in two planes es in the fur urnace ce

02/01/12 adapco Report 531-0015-001 Page 14

Temperature Contours at 6” intervals: Open end perspective view

Note: e: Movies ies play in “presentation mode” (SHIFT-F5) 5)

02/01/12 adapco Report 531-0015-001 Page 15

Tub ube e Heat Flux uxes es (Btu/ u/hr/f hr/ft2) t2)

This is the left coils (relative to Page 11) viewed from the flame side

Tube 10, upper coil Tube 10, lower coil

09/20 20/11 /11

Heat ater er Geometr try: y: Elevat ation ion View Looking ing East

Conv nvection ction Sectio ion Radia diant nt Tubes es Air ir Inflo low Arch ch Tubes es Outle let Tubes es Radiant diant Inle let Tubes es Cent nter er Wall ll

09/20 20/11 /11 adapco apco Report 1167- Page e 17 17 Temperatu perature re Contour

• urs

s (verti tica cal planes s throu

• ugh

gh center er of bur urner ers s 1 and 5 from m Ea East Wall) Wes est

18

LES

• Algebraic and Dynamic Models
• Second order implicit time differencing
• Both CD and Bounded CD
• Non-reflecting boundary condition
• Synthetic turbulence for inflow BC
• Reacting Flow
• Thickened Flame Model
• Algebraic approach for Mix Fr Variance

Sandia dia-D D Flame me LES S Simulation ulation in STAR-CCM+ CCM+

• Mesh count: 4.1 M
• Polyhedrals in the vicinity of inlet
• Extruded Polyhedral elsewhere
• Full 360o

Fuel (CH4, 300 K) Pilot

• t (1880

0 K) K)

Animat mation n - Temperature erature

Comparis parison

• n with Experi

erimen ment t – Cent nterl erlin ine e Axial al Veloc

• city

ity

RMS Axia ial l Vel Mean an Axia ial l Vel

Compari parison

• n with Experi

eriment ment – Centerl erlin ine e Mixture ture Fr

Mean an Mix ix Fr RMS Mix ix Fr

LES S (Bluf uff f Body - Vortex x Shedding) ding)

Alte ltern rnat ate e Vortex ex Shedding dding Cold ld Flo low Sy Symm mmetric etric Vo Vortex ex Sh Shedding ding Reac acti ting ng Flo low

T=1.5 sec

Pool Fire with LES

T=2 sec T=2.5 sec T=3 sec T=3.5 sec T=4 sec

Pa Partially tially-Premi remixed ed Gas-Turb urbin ine e Combust ustion ion

PVM DARS-CFD with GRI-Mechanism

Temperat perature ure Compar arison ison

PVM DARS-CFD with GRI-Mechanism

Latest est Additi tions

• ns in Reacti

ting ng Flows (v 7.06+)

Advanc nced ed Em Emission ions s Model eling ing – Soot Model with Moment Methods (up to 4 moments) – CO emissions with PVM model PPDF Flamele melet/Eq t/Equil uilibri ibrium – Multi-stream (up to three streams) model Com

• mple

lex x Chemistr emistry Model el (DAR ARS-CFD) CFD) – Dynamic Load Balancing – ISAT Fur urth ther r enhance anceme ments nts and Best Practices ces for LES ES Det etail iled/Global ed/Global Sur urfa face ce Chemi emist stry y within in STAR AR-CC CCM+ M+ Eu Euleri rian an Mul ulti-Ph Phase se reacti tion

• ns

s (interpha erphase se and intraphase phase) Real Gases with h EB EBU Combus busti tion

• n Models

els (v8.02 .02)

Soot Model Features

• The Soot Model is based on Moments Method & uses Flamelet Library.
• It can be used with all Combustion Models available in STAR-CCM+
• Up to four Moments can be solved
• Soot source terms take into account the phenomena of particle inception,

surface growth, fragmentation, oxidation, condensation & coagulation Soot Moment Model Calculates:

• Soot Volume Fraction
• Soot Mass
• Soot Mean Diameter
• Soot Surface Density
• Soot Size Dispersion

Soot Model Validation Centerline Soot Profile

Soot Model Validation Radial Profiles for Soot (x = 0.347)

Mu Mult lti-St Stream ream (t (three) ee) PP PPDF Approach

• ach

Inter er-ph phase ase reacti tions

• ns in Eulerian

rian Multi-Phas Phase

32

• For each reaction reaction rate
• ption as
• Half-order combined rate
• First-order combined rate
• Second-order combined

rate

• User reaction rate

Comple plex x Chemis mistr try y Model Feature ures s (DARS RS-CFD) CFD) – Dynamic Load Balancing – ISAT Online tabulation using ISAT is available – Factor of ~5 speedup is commonly observed

Comple mplex x Chem emis istr try y usin ing g DARS-CF CFD

Spe peed ed up w p wit ith Dynamic ic Load d Balancin ing

Time (sec) c) Number r of CPUs

Total l solv lver er CPU time e

no load bala lancin cing with th load bala lancin cing

Dynamic load balancing achieves scalability for chemistry calculation with large number of processors

Spe peed ed up w p wit ith ISAT (82 Rea eaction ions, s, Uns Unstea eady dy)

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 1

Time(s) Algorithm NO_ISAT ISAT

Total Compl mplex x Chem emis istr try y CPU tim ime e

Conclu nclusions sions

Compr mpreh ehen ensiv sive e Set et of Rea eacti ting g flow mode dels LES Looks s Promisi ising Fi Fini nite-rat ate e kin ineti etics s

– Library-based (PPDF Flamelet, PVM) – Direct complex chemistry coupling (DARS-CFD) – Global Kinetics (EBU)

Spe peed edup p wit ith Compl mplex x Chem emis istry

– Load balancing – ISAT

Advanc dvanced ed Emis ission ions Mode dels (N (NOx, Soot, CO)

Thank ank you!