Other Opportunities in Neutrino Experiments Morgan Wascko Imperial - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Other Opportunities in Neutrino Experiments Morgan Wascko Imperial College London PPAP Community Meeting University of Birmingham 2012 09 18 Tuesday, 18 September 12 1

• Neutrino oscillations lead to rich phenomenology • Global ν programme has a wide range of future options • UK physicists are working on many of these ideas • In some cases, leadership positions already • In others, will be in strong position to assume leadership roles when the time comes • STFC strategy will group small experiments into broad science areas • this talk is a few details on one: neutrinos Imperial College Morgan O. PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham London Wascko Tuesday, 18 September 12 2

Outline • Reminder of current picture • Sterile neutrinos • Will focus on experiments that are important to the 3- ν paradigm or otherwise add value to global programme • Reactor neutrinos ( θ 12 ) • UHE neutrinos from astrophysical sources Imperial College Morgan O. PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham London Wascko Tuesday, 18 September 12 3

Reminder: neutrino picture flavour atmospheric accelerator solar mass Majorana e i α 1      s 13 e − i δ        1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 ν e c 13 c 12 s 12 ν 1  = e i α 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ν µ c 23 s 23 − s 12 c 12 ν 2 2            − s 13 e − i δ 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 ν τ − s 23 c 23 c 13 ν 3 Neutrino physics is making discoveries! Big results in past year - more discoveries on horizon. OPEN QUESTIONS: Mass (eV) • Hierarchy? flavour key: ν e ν µ ν τ • CP violation? ν 3 • Majorana or Dirac? atmospheric 0.05 • Absolute mass scale? ν 2 solar 0.009 ν 1 • A nice picture with a clear path forward... <2 Imperial College Morgan O. PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham London Wascko Tuesday, 18 September 12 4

Sterile Neutrinos? Imperial College Morgan O. PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham London Wascko Tuesday, 18 September 12 5

Sterile Neutrinos? MiniBooNE Appearance arXiv:1207.4809 Red: Oscillations assuming 3 neutrino mixing Blue: Using a 3+1 (sterile neutrino) model 8 N.B.: several 2-3 σ results don’t constitute compelling evidence... Imperial College Morgan O. PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham London Wascko Tuesday, 18 September 12 6

Active-sterile Neutrino Oscillation ν µ →ν e appearance 3+1 sterile neutrino scheme � L ⇥ P ( ν µ → ν e ) = 4 | U e 4 | 2 | U µ 4 | 2 sin 2 1 . 27 ∆ m 2 4 41 E ν e disappearance � L ⇥ P ( ν e → ν x ) = 1 − 4 | U e 4 | 2 (1 − | U e 4 | 2 ) sin 2 1 . 27 ∆ m 2 m 2 � LSND 41 E ν µ disappearance � L ⇥ P ( ν µ → ν x ) = 1 − 4 | U µ 4 | 2 (1 − | U µ 4 | 2 ) sin 2 1 . 27 ∆ m 2 41 E 3 � s m 2 � 23 Close relationships between appearance and � � 2 disappearance channels � µ m 2 � 12 � e 1 Imperial College Morgan O. PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham London Wascko Tuesday, 18 September 12 7

To test reactor Antonin Vacheret <Antonin.Vacheret@physics.ox.ac.uk> TWIX flux and Ga anomalies solid segmented plastic scintillator detectors • Novel approach to detect antineutrinos at reactors • composite scintillator cells with Li 6 • compact system with minimal shielding (1.5m footprint for 1T Fiducial mass) ~7-9m • very low sensitivity to gamma background • can achieve better signal to background ratio than traditional liquid scintillator system • Originally developed for reactor monitoring purposes Δ m 2 =2.35, sin 2 2 θ ee = 0.165 Imperial College Morgan O. PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham London Wascko Tuesday, 18 September 12 8

To test reactor Antonin Vacheret <Antonin.Vacheret@physics.ox.ac.uk> TWIX flux and Ga anomalies solid segmented plastic scintillator detectors • Measurement at ILL (2 years) (~50k events) • Baselines assumed: 7.5 m near and 9 m far (being optimised) • (ILL 0.8m x 0.4m core can provide best resolution on SBL oscillations) • shape analysis using two detector baseline • signal from ratio of spectra • 3D vertex reconstruction (< 10 cm resolution) • σ E /E ~ 0.1 MeV Imperial College Morgan O. PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham London Wascko Tuesday, 18 September 12 9

DAE δ ALUS arXiv:1006.0260 [physics.ins-det] off max ( π /4) osc max ( π /2) Constrains at 40 MeV flux at 40 MeV 20km 1.5km 8km π + →ν µ µ + → e + ν µ ν e H 2 O w/ Gd ν µ →ν e High power cyclotrons e + ν e create massive ν µ flux n at multiple baselines p LBNE & LBNE DAEdALUS only Physics studies done assuming H 2 O detector in DAEdALUS LBNE, but same performance achievable with Hyper-K or LBNO Imperial College Morgan O. PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham London Wascko Tuesday, 18 September 12 10

To test reactor Adriana Bungau <A.Bungau@hud.ac.uk> DAE δ ALUS Medium term: IsoDAR flux and Ga anomalies arXiv:1205.4419 [hep-ex] 100 7 Li (99.99%) Reactor/ μ DAR 95% CL sleeve SAGE/GALLEX 10 Proton beam KATRIN " m 2 (eV 2 ) 9 Be target Global fit surrounded 1 by D 2 O • High power cyclotrons create PBq source 0.1 high ν e flux IsoDAR • n+Li 7 → Li 8 0.01 • ➥ ν e , <E ν >=6.4MeV 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 sin 2 2 ! new (3+2) with Kopp/Maltoni/Schwetz Parameters • Placed near a good ν e detector (3+1) Model with ! m 2 = 1.0 eV 2 and sin 2 2 " =0.1 1.00 1.00 Observed/Predicted Observed/Predicted (e.g. KamLAND) gives excellent 0.95 0.95 sensitivity to sterile oscillation 0.90 0.90 • UK involved in accelerator and 0.85 0.85 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 beam dump studies L/E (m/MeV) L/E (m/MeV) Imperial College Morgan O. PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham London Wascko Tuesday, 18 September 12 11

To test LSND & MiniBooNE, Ga, NuSTORM and reactor anomalies arXiv:1206.0294 [hep-ex] Multiple sterile ν channels Appearance Channel: ν e → ν µ Must reject the wrong sign µ with high efficiency Event rates/100T at Fe ND 50m ~ 1500 m 150 m from straight with µ + stored ν e Received positive feedback from Fermilab PAC http://www.fnal.gov/directorate/program_planning/ ν µ phys_adv_com/PAC%20Comments%20and %20Recommendations.pdf http://www.fnal.gov/directorate/program_planning/June2012Public/P-1028_LOI_Final.pdf ν STORM Imperial College Morgan O. PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham London Wascko Tuesday, 18 September 12 12

Christopher Tunnell <c.tunnell1@physics.ox.ac.uk> NuSTORM: oscillations ν e → ν µ appearance (CPT invariant channel to arXiv:1205.6338 [hep-ex] MiniBooNE ν e ) 3+1 χ 2 stats Assumption ν STORM Imperial College Morgan O. PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham London Wascko Tuesday, 18 September 12 13

NuSTORM physics programme • As an experiment, NuSTORM can: ✓ Perform direct tests of the LSND and MiniBooNE anomalies. ✓ Perform direct tests of the Gallium and reactor anomalies. ✓ Test the CP- and T-conjugated channels, constrain with Valuable physics disappearance. input for δ CP ✓ Make precise and unique measurements of ν µ and ν e cross- searches sections • As a facility, NuSTORM: ✓ Provides an accelerator technology test bed Jaroslaw’s ✓ Provides a powerful ν detector test facility talk • As a programme, NuSTORM: Excellent synergy with ✓ Provides an important step on the path toward discovery in superbeams! neutrinos and collider physics ν STORM Imperial College Morgan O. PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham London Wascko Tuesday, 18 September 12 14

NuSTORM ν Cross-sections • NuSTORM presents only way to measure ν e , ν µ (& ν e , ν µ ) cross-sections in the same detector(s) • Supports future long-baseline experiments! • E ν matched well to needs of these experiments arXiv:1206.6745 [hep-ph] Recent calculations showing expectations for differences between ν e and ν µ cross-sections We need data! NuSTORM members have submitted a statement to the PPAP and the CERN Strategy Committee ν STORM Imperial College Morgan O. PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham London Wascko Tuesday, 18 September 12 15

Ryan Nichol <rjn@hep.ucl.ac.uk> MINOS+ 2 10 LSND 90% CL • Extension of MINOS run in the LSND 99% CL KARMEN2 90% CL medium-energy NuMI beam BUGEY 90% CL* 10 MiniBooNE 90% CL • Runs concurrently with NOvA MiniBooNE 99% CL MINOS+ & Bugey ν Combination 90% CL Sensitivity • Sterile sensitivity: 2 m 1 Δ P( ν µ → ν e )<4P( ν µ → ν x )*P( ν e → ν x ) Uses reanalysis of Bugey data and -1 10 assumed sensitivity of MINOS+ with 1.2e21 POT in nubar mode * GLoBES 2012 fit with new reactor fluxes, courtesy of P. Huber -2 10 -3 -4 -2 -1 10 10 10 10 1 2 sin 2 θ e µ Imperial College Morgan O. PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham London Wascko Tuesday, 18 September 12 16