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Other Opportunities in Neutrino Experiments Morgan Wascko Imperial College London PPAP Community Meeting University of Birmingham 2012 09 18 Tuesday, 18 September 12 1 Neutrino oscillations lead to rich phenomenology Global

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Morgan Wascko Imperial College London PPAP Community Meeting University of Birmingham 2012 09 18

Other Opportunities in Neutrino Experiments

1 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

  • Neutrino oscillations lead to rich phenomenology
  • Global ν programme has a wide range of future
  • ptions
  • UK physicists are working on many of these ideas
  • In some cases, leadership positions already
  • In others, will be in strong position to assume

leadership roles when the time comes

  • STFC strategy will group small experiments into

broad science areas

  • this talk is a few details on one: neutrinos

2 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

Outline

  • Reminder of current picture
  • Sterile neutrinos
  • Will focus on experiments that are important to the 3-ν paradigm
  • r otherwise add value to global programme
  • Reactor neutrinos (θ12)
  • UHE neutrinos from astrophysical sources

3 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

Reminder: neutrino picture

Mass (eV) 0.05 0.009 ν3 ν2 ν1

solar atmospheric

<2 flavour key: νe νµ ντ flavour atmospheric accelerator solar mass

  νe νµ ντ   =   1 c23 s23 −s23 c23     c13 s13e−iδ 1 −s13e−iδ c13     c12 s12 −s12 c12 1     ei α1

2

ei α2

2

1     ν1 ν2 ν3  

Majorana

OPEN QUESTIONS:

  • Hierarchy?
  • CP violation?
  • Majorana or Dirac?
  • Absolute mass scale?
  • A nice picture with a clear

path forward...

Neutrino physics is making discoveries! Big results in past year - more discoveries on horizon.

4 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

Sterile Neutrinos?

5 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

Sterile Neutrinos?

8 MiniBooNE Appearance arXiv:1207.4809 Red: Oscillations assuming 3 neutrino mixing Blue: Using a 3+1 (sterile neutrino) model

N.B.: several 2-3 σ results don’t constitute compelling evidence...

6 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

Active-sterile Neutrino Oscillation

3+1 sterile neutrino scheme

3 4 m2

12

  • m2

23

  • m2

LSND

  • 2

1 e s

  • µ
  • P (νµ → νx) = 1 − 4|Uµ4|2(1 − |Uµ4|2) sin2
  • 1.27∆m2

41

L E ⇥ P (νe → νx) = 1 − 4|Ue4|2(1 − |Ue4|2) sin2

  • 1.27∆m2

41

L E ⇥

P (νµ → νe) = 4|Ue4|2|Uµ4|2 sin2

  • 1.27∆m2

41

L E ⇥ νµ→νe appearance νe disappearance νµ disappearance Close relationships between appearance and disappearance channels

7 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

TWIX

solid segmented plastic scintillator detectors

  • Novel approach to detect antineutrinos

at reactors

  • composite scintillator cells with Li6
  • compact system with minimal shielding

(1.5m footprint for 1T Fiducial mass)

  • very low sensitivity to gamma

background

  • can achieve better signal to

background ratio than traditional liquid scintillator system

  • Originally developed for reactor

monitoring purposes

~7-9m Δm2=2.35, sin22θee = 0.165

To test reactor flux and Ga anomalies Antonin Vacheret <Antonin.Vacheret@physics.ox.ac.uk>

8 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

To test reactor flux and Ga anomalies Antonin Vacheret <Antonin.Vacheret@physics.ox.ac.uk>

TWIX

solid segmented plastic scintillator detectors

  • Measurement at ILL (2 years)

(~50k events)

  • Baselines assumed: 7.5 m near

and 9 m far (being optimised)

  • (ILL 0.8m x 0.4m core can

provide best resolution on SBL

  • scillations)
  • shape analysis using two detector

baseline

  • signal from ratio of spectra
  • 3D vertex reconstruction (< 10

cm resolution)

  • σE/E ~ 0.1 MeV

9 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

DAEδALUS

arXiv:1006.0260 [physics.ins-det] 20km 8km 1.5km

  • sc max (π/2)

at 40 MeV

  • ff max (π/4)

at 40 MeV

νµ→νe

νe e+ p n H2O w/ Gd π+→νµ µ+ →e+νµνe

Constrains flux

High power cyclotrons create massiveνµ flux at multiple baselines LBNE

  • nly

LBNE & DAEdALUS

DAEdALUS Physics studies done assuming H2O detector in LBNE, but same performance achievable with Hyper-K or LBNO

10 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

7Li (99.99%)

sleeve

9Be target

surrounded by D2O

Proton beam

Medium term: IsoDAR

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 0.01 0.1 1

sin22!new "m2 (eV2)

95% CL

IsoDAR PBq source KATRIN Reactor/ SAGE/GALLEX Global fit μDAR

(3+2) with Kopp/Maltoni/Schwetz Parameters 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 L/E (m/MeV) Observed/Predicted (3+1) Model with !m2 = 1.0 eV2 and sin22"=0.1 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 L/E (m/MeV) Observed/Predicted

arXiv:1205.4419 [hep-ex] Adriana Bungau <A.Bungau@hud.ac.uk> To test reactor flux and Ga anomalies DAEδALUS

  • High power cyclotrons create

highνe flux

  • n+Li7→Li8
  • ➥νe , <Eν>=6.4MeV
  • Placed near a goodνe detector

(e.g. KamLAND) gives excellent sensitivity to sterile oscillation

  • UK involved in accelerator and

beam dump studies

11 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

NuSTORM

arXiv:1206.0294 [hep-ex] νSTORM Must reject the wrong sign µ with high efficiency Multiple sterile ν channels Appearance Channel:

νe →νµ

150 m ~ 1500 m To test LSND & MiniBooNE, Ga, and reactor anomalies

νe νµ

Event rates/100T at Fe ND 50m from straight with µ+ stored

Received positive feedback from Fermilab PAC http://www.fnal.gov/directorate/program_planning/ phys_adv_com/PAC%20Comments%20and %20Recommendations.pdf http://www.fnal.gov/directorate/program_planning/June2012Public/P-1028_LOI_Final.pdf

12 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

NuSTORM: oscillations

νSTORM νe → νµ appearance

(CPT invariant channel to MiniBooNEνe)

arXiv:1205.6338 [hep-ex] Christopher Tunnell <c.tunnell1@physics.ox.ac.uk> 3+1 Assumption χ2 stats

13 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

NuSTORM physics programme

  • As an experiment, NuSTORM can:

✓ Perform direct tests of the LSND and MiniBooNE anomalies. ✓ Perform direct tests of the Gallium and reactor anomalies. ✓ Test the CP- and T-conjugated channels, constrain with

disappearance.

✓ Make precise and unique measurements of νµ and νe cross-

sections

  • As a facility, NuSTORM:

✓ Provides an accelerator technology test bed ✓ Provides a powerful ν detector test facility

  • As a programme, NuSTORM:

✓ Provides an important step on the path toward discovery in

neutrinos and collider physics νSTORM Excellent synergy with superbeams! Valuable physics input for δCP searches Jaroslaw’s talk

14 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

NuSTORM ν Cross-sections

  • NuSTORM presents only way to measure νe,νµ

(&νe,νµ ) cross-sections in the same detector(s)

  • Supports future long-baseline experiments!
  • Eν matched well to needs of these experiments

νSTORM arXiv:1206.6745 [hep-ph] Recent calculations showing expectations for differences between

νe and νµ cross-sections We need data!

NuSTORM members have submitted a statement to the PPAP and the CERN Strategy Committee

15 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

MINOS+

  • Extension of MINOS run in the

medium-energy NuMI beam

  • Runs concurrently with NOvA
  • Sterile sensitivity:

P(νµ→νe)<4P(νµ→νx)*P(νe→νx) Uses reanalysis of Bugey data and assumed sensitivity of MINOS+ with 1.2e21 POT in nubar mode

e µ

θ 2

2

sin

  • 4

10

  • 3

10

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 1

2

m Δ

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

LSND 90% CL LSND 99% CL KARMEN2 90% CL BUGEY 90% CL* MiniBooNE 90% CL MiniBooNE 99% CL Combination 90% CL & Bugey ν MINOS+

courtesy of P. Huber * GLoBES 2012 fit with new reactor fluxes,

Sensitivity

Ryan Nichol <rjn@hep.ucl.ac.uk>

16 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

3,06 685 Donald C. Cook 4,929 657 Beaver Valley 1,914 648 Gentily 2,34 617 Palisades 2,91 589 Point Beach 2,531 588 Davis-Besse 1,509 568 Kewaunee 3,255 559 Enrico Fermi 3,1615 530 Perry 5,07 488 Nine Mile Point 2,34 488 James A. Fitzpatrick 1,41 455 R.E. Ginna 10,572 340 Darlington 6,192 330 Pickering

10,32 281 Bruce

  • Th. Power

(GW)

d (km) Reactor

Bruce reactor will contribute mainly to the central peak. Much better defined peak structure compared to KamLAND

measurement of Δm212 with precision comparable to or better than KamLAND (despite lower statistics!)

Steven Biller <s.biller1@physics.ox.ac.uk>

17 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

UHE astrophysical neutrinos

  • ANITA
  • Active project that will have new

data in the next 18 months.

  • The third ANITA flight is scheduled

for the Austral summer 2013/14

  • This flight will be the most sensitive

to ultra-high energy neutrinos in the range 1019 - 1023 eV

  • ARA (Askaryan Radio Array)
  • Will deploy the first three full

prototype stations Jan 2013

  • One year of data comparable

sensitivity to ANITA around 1019 eV

  • If the stations prove successful

would submit proposal for deploying the full 37 station array

  • Would seek wider UK/STFC support

at that point Ryan Nichol <rjn@hep.ucl.ac.uk> ANITA ARA drilling

18 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

Conclusions

  • UK physicists are already working and assuming leadership

roles in many small efforts that will grow in the medium term.

  • Even this list was not exhaustive!
  • Several future experiments show good sensitivity to sterile ν
  • scillation.
  • Expts that constitute steps in the global 3-ν paradigm must have priority.
  • IsoDAR and NuSTORM fit that bill.
  • Experiments that fulfil other important criteria should also be prioritised.
  • Twix grows out of nuclear non-proliferation efforts with significant KE
  • potential. (And it’s fast and inexpensive!)
  • Lots of good work ongoing, with results and opportunities

ahead. Not pushing an experiment, pushing an experimental programme!

19 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

THANK YOU!

νSTORM

20 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

SciBooNE/MiniBooNE

  • Muon antineutrino

disappearance in MiniBooNE with SciBooNE as near detector

  • World’s best result over two

decades of Δm2

  • Data release available on the

web:

  • http://www-sciboone.fnal.gov/

data_release/ joint_numubar_disap/

)

  • (2

2

sin

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 1

)

2

(eV

2

m

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 1 10

2

10

arXiv:1208.0322 [hep-ex]

21 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

Steven Biller <s.biller1@physics.ox.ac.uk> “Straw-man” calculation

  • f statistics-limited

precision as a function

  • f assumed resolution

22 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

NuSTORM Assumptions

  • Nµ = (POT) X (π/POT) X εcollection X εinj X (µ/π) X Adynamic

X Ω

  • 1021 POT in 5 years of running @ 60 GeV in Fermilab PIP era
  • 0.1 π/POT (FODO)
  • εcollection = 0.8
  • εinj = 0.8
  • µ/π = 0.08 (γct X µ capture in π → µ decay) [π decay in straight]
  • Might do better with a π → µ decay channel
  • Adynamic = 0.75 (FODO)
  • Ω = Straight/circumference ratio (0.43) (FODO)
  • This yields ≈ 1.7 X 1018 useful µ decays

νSTORM

23 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

Baseline Detector Super B Iron Neutrino Detector: SuperBIND

20 cm hole For 3 turns

  • f STL
  • Magnetized Iron
  • 1.3 kT
  • Following MINOS ND

ME design

  • 1-2 cm Fe plate
  • 5 m diameter
  • Utilize superconducting

transmission line for excitation

  • Developed 10 years

ago for VLHC

  • Extruded scintillator

+SiPM

νSTORM

24 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

Simulation – νµ appearance

  • Full GEANT4 Simulation
  • Extrapolation from ISS and IDS-NF

studies for the MIND detector

  • Uses GENIE to generate the

neutrino interactions.

  • Involves a flexible geometry that

allows the dimensions of the detector to be altered easily (for

  • ptimization purposes, for

example).

  • Does not yet have the detailed B

field, but parameterized fit is very good

  • Event selection/cuts
  • Cuts-based analysis
  • Multivariate to come later

νSTORM

25 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

Left: 1 cm plates Right: 2 cm plates νSTORM

26 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

νe → νµ appearance CPT invariant channel to MiniBooNE νe

2 cm plate νSTORM

27 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

Raw Event Rates

3+1 Assumption Appearance channels νSTORM

28 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

1

Typical field of view

ANITA looks for neutrinos interacting in the antarctic ice, by dangling from a balloon 37km above the continent. Over a million cubic kilometres of ice visible. Third flight scheduled for December 2013

ANITA

Ryan Nichol <rjn@hep.ucl.ac.uk>

29 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Imperial College London Morgan O. Wascko

PPAP Community Meeting, Birmingham

2012-2014 R&D 2015 proposal to government 2016-2020 construction 2020 start operation

Daya Bay 60km

>40GW

  • Neutrino target: ~20kt

LS, LAB based

  • 30m(D)×30m(H)
  • Oil buffer: 6kt
  • Water buffer: 10kt
  • PMT: 15000 20”

Jenny Thomas <jthomas@hep.ucl.ac.uk>

30 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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Jenny Thomas <jthomas@hep.ucl.ac.uk>

  • Deep Core has proved the

method of reduction of energy threshold with higher density strings

  • Pingu will push it further…

and they will still have 1 MegaTon!!!

  • 2 years running will

measure MH to between 3-11σ

31 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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International Falls Ash River Soudan Duluth

Jenny Thomas <jthomas@hep.ucl.ac.uk>

  • Further exploitation of the NuMI beam

is a good idea in the short term – The beam is the highest intensity beam in the world – It exists

  • FNAL could consider:

– Off-axis at Ash River (810km, 14mr) – On-axis on surface at Soudan or beyond (735km, LE) – On-axis underground at Soudan Laboratory (735km, LE) – Cherenkov detector in Lake Superior (655km, 20mr off axis)

  • There is room for thinking out of the

box, and time to get results – NuMI will run for 6-10 years

32 Tuesday, 18 September 12

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水戸の梅の花

33 Tuesday, 18 September 12