Organizational Greenhouse Gas Reporting Programs in Southeast Asia: Thailand and Philippine Initiatives Organized by: Mr. Joshua Forgotson Senior Technical Officer USAID Low Emissions Asian Development Program ICF International (USAID Contractor) ACEF, Manila, Philippines – June 6, 2016
What is a GHG Reporting Program? USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 1
What is a GHG reporting program? A formal scheme that gives entities a framework with which to measure and report (and sometimes verify) their GHG emissions • Can be voluntary or mandatory • May include a registry, e.g., an interactive website through which entities may report their emissions 2
Components Measurement (M) Reporting (R) Verification (V) How and by whom What and how Where emissions emissions are emissions are are recorded/ reviewed and quantified registered certified USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 3
GHG reporting programs support carbon activities Existing reporting Future market GHG reductions Offset programs efforts, e.g., mechanisms national inventory • Help • Build a • Identify • Reveal who companies consistent, opportunities should identify quality data set participate, • Build a market: opportunities what the cap • Benchmark informs large, should be, and • Allow the sector/industry potentially desirable government to performance regulated allocation track and emitters of credibly their liability • Set the stage disclose for linking reductions • Establish a (think NDCs) baseline USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 4
After Voluntary Reporting? Voluntary Reporting Mandatory Reporting Carbon Regulation Cap and trade or tax Linked market? Linked market? Linked market? USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 5
Benefits to national governments Governments are attempting to reduce their countries’ GHG emissions. Organizational GHG inventories can be inputs into government planning, and an accountable way to measure, track, and publicize their success. USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 6
Benefits to companies and the public Companies • Builds their capacity to participate in carbon markets or prepare for regulations • Facilitates their climate ‐ change ‐ related planning • Helps cut their costs and improve efficiency through reducing emissions • Fulfills corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitments Public • Can make informed choices and hold emitters accountable USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 7
Are There GHG Reporting Programs in Southeast Asia? USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 8
Mandatory GHG Reporting Programs USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 9
Comparing T wo Programs in SE Asia 1. “MYCarbon” In Malaysia 2. “Carbon Footprint for Organizations” in Thailand USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 10
A Third is Underway Philippine GHG Reporting Protocol and Inventory Management Plan for Businesses/Industries • A project of the Low Emission Capacity Building (LECB) Program • Implemented by the Philippine Climate Change Commission and United Nations Development Program (UNDP) • With funding support from the EU, Australian, and German governments USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 11
And a Fourth is at Stage One Vietnam: • To effectively implement Vietnam’s National GHG Inventory System, the country’s Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) aspires to have a scheme like CFO in Thailand • Voluntary at first, mandatory once established • No online registry at first – this would come later • Initial focus would be key emission sources, e.g., heavy industries • From inception, the program would support policy development and national GHG inventories • Eventually, the program would support an emissions trading scheme USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 12
Carbon Footprint for Organizations: Thailand’s GHG Reporting Program USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 13
Timeline TGO launches Carbon Footprint for 2013 Organizations (CFO) for industries in Thailand TGO partners with USAID LEAD to update the 2014 CFO program and increase participation TGO launches the updated CFO program and 2016 online emissions registry USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 14
Carbon Footprint What is it? An estimate of an organization’s impact on the environment in terms of the net amount of GHGs it has emitted. Also known as a GHG inventory or report. USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 15
How is it estimated? • Measured directly, or calculated • Includes the emissions of CO 2 and other GHGs from the organization’s activities These are summed and expressed as a single number (per source or per entity) in terms of CO 2 equivalent . USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 16
CFO’s measurement procedures Define the reporting boundaries Define the reporting boundaries Select the facilities and emission sources based Select the facilities and emission sources based on the boundaries on the boundaries Organize and collect data on emission sources Organize and collect data on emission sources Quantify emissions Quantify emissions USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 17
Step 1: Define reporting boundaries Reporting boundaries determine which emissions to include. Where in the world the emissions occur Geographic Facilities , assets, and sources to be included Organizational The scopes and GHGs to be included Operational USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 18
Scopes 1, 2, and 3 NF 3 Source: WRI / WBCSD GHG Protocol Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 19
Step 2: Selecting facilities and emission sources What is a facility? A single installation or set of installations that can be defined within a single geographic boundary, organizational unit, or production process USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 20
Select facilities and emission sources Before entering data into the online reporting platform, the reporting entity must decide: The facilities to be The sources at those included in the facilities that emit GHGs inventory USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 21
Selecting facilities Choose facilities based on the organization’s boundaries. 1. Geographic 2. Organizational USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 22
Selecting sources 1 2 Determine the emission Select the facilities within sources at each of those the reporting boundary facilities (based on the operational boundaries) USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 23
Step 3: Organize and collect Scope 1 GHG data Scope 1: All direct GHG emissions, with the exception of direct CO 2 from biogenic sources. USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 24
Organize and collect Scope 2 emissions data Scope 2: Indirect GHG emissions associated with the consumption of purchased or acquired electricity, heating, cooling, or steam. USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 25
Organize and collect Scope 3 emissions data (optional) Scope 3: All indirect emissions not covered in scope 2. USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 26
Step 4: Quantifying the emissions Two approaches: 1. Directly measuring GHG emissions for large sources by continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS) 2. Estimating GHG emissions using calculation methodologies and activity data, such as fuel use USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 27
What is required to estimate emissions? Activity Data: the quantity of fuel or material that, when used, causes GHGs Emission Factor (EF): the x EF = GHGs quantity of a given GHG emitted per unit of activity Global Warming Potential (GWP): a factor for CO 2 e x EF x GWP = converting non ‐ CO 2 emissions into CO 2 e USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 28
Reporting the carbon footprint: 5 steps Enter entity details Enter entity details Create facilities Create facilities Enter data (either pre ‐ calculated or using online calculator) Enter data (either pre ‐ calculated or using online calculator) Provide supporting documentation Provide supporting documentation Submit inventory Submit inventory USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 29
User roles Administrator Reporting Entity Verifier • Creates entities’ • Enters GHG data • Reviews the entity’s accounts report • Submits its report to • Assigns initial users the verifier • Submits verification report to the • Reviews and administrator approves emission reports USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 30
How information is organized in the online platform Entity Best Cement Co. Ltd. Facilities Office Vehicle Fleet Sources Purchased Pick ‐ up Cars Electricity Trucks Activity data Electricity Gasoline Bio ‐ diesel Gasoline bill USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 31
T wo ways to input data 1 2 USAID Low Emissions Asian Development (LEAD) Program 32
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