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Understanding and Estimating Understanding and Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions Greenhouse Gas Emissions American Association of Port Authorities American Association of Port Authorities Climate Change Workshop Climate Change Workshop

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Understanding and Estimating Understanding and Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions Greenhouse Gas Emissions

American Association of Port Authorities American Association of Port Authorities Climate Change Workshop Climate Change Workshop November 12, 2008 November 12, 2008 Port of Houston Port of Houston Houston, TX Houston, TX

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SLIDE 2

Overview Overview

  • What Are Greenhouse Gases?

What Are Greenhouse Gases?

  • Where Do They Come From?

Where Do They Come From?

  • What Sources Do I Have at My Seaport?

What Sources Do I Have at My Seaport?

  • What Should I Include in my Inventory?

What Should I Include in my Inventory?

  • How Do I Estimate GHG Emissions?

How Do I Estimate GHG Emissions?

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SLIDE 3

What Are the Greenhouse Gases and What Are the Greenhouse Gases and Where do they Come From? Where do they Come From?

  • Carbon dioxide (CO

Carbon dioxide (CO2

2)

)

  • Methane

Methane (CH (CH4

4)

)

  • Nitrous oxide (N

Nitrous oxide (N2

2O)

O)

  • Fluorinated gases

Fluorinated gases

– – Hydrofluorocarbons Hydrofluorocarbons – – Perfluorocarbons Perfluorocarbons – – Sulfur hexafluoride (SF Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6

6)

)

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SLIDE 4

What Are the Greenhouse Gases and What Are the Greenhouse Gases and Where do they Come From? Where do they Come From?

  • Carbon dioxide (CO

Carbon dioxide (CO2

2)

)

– – CO CO2

2 equivalence: 1

equivalence: 1 – – Combustion Combustion

  • Fossil Fuel

Fossil Fuel

  • Biomass

Biomass

– – Industrial Processes Industrial Processes (e.g., cement manuf.) (e.g., cement manuf.)

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SLIDE 5

What Are the Greenhouse Gases and What Are the Greenhouse Gases and Where do they Come From? Where do they Come From?

  • Methane (CH

Methane (CH4

4)

)

– – CO CO2

2 equivalence: 21

equivalence: 21 – – Oil & Gas Production and Transport Oil & Gas Production and Transport – – Decomposition Processes Decomposition Processes – – Livestock (enteric decomposition) Livestock (enteric decomposition) – – Incomplete Combustion Incomplete Combustion

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SLIDE 6

What Are the Greenhouse Gases and What Are the Greenhouse Gases and Where do they Come From? Where do they Come From?

  • Nitrous Oxide (N

Nitrous Oxide (N2

2O)

O)

– – CO CO2

2 equivalence: 310

equivalence: 310 – – Agricultural Soil and Manure Management Agricultural Soil and Manure Management

(e.g., from fertilizer use) (e.g., from fertilizer use)

– – Industrial Processes (e.g., nitric acid prod.) Industrial Processes (e.g., nitric acid prod.) – – Fuel Combustion Fuel Combustion

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SLIDE 7

What Are the Greenhouse Gases and What Are the Greenhouse Gases and Where do They Come From? Where do They Come From?

  • Fluorinated Gases

Fluorinated Gases

– – CO CO2

2 equivalence: 140

equivalence: 140-

  • 23,900

23,900 (known as high (known as high-

  • global warming potential gases)

global warming potential gases) – – Replacement of Ozone Replacement of Ozone-

  • Depleting Substances

Depleting Substances (CFCs, HCFCs, halons) (CFCs, HCFCs, halons) – – Industrial Processes (e.g., aluminum production, Industrial Processes (e.g., aluminum production, semi semi-

  • conductor manufacturing)

conductor manufacturing) – – Electric Power Industry (SF Electric Power Industry (SF6

6)

)

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SLIDE 8

What Are the Greenhouse Gases and What Are the Greenhouse Gases and Where do they Come From? Where do they Come From?

  • Most Port

Most Port-

  • Related Sources of GHGs involve

Related Sources of GHGs involve Fuel Combustion Fuel Combustion

  • CO

CO2

2,

, CH CH4

4,

, N N2

2O

O

  • Of these, CO

Of these, CO2

2 accounts for approx. 99%

accounts for approx. 99%

  • f global warming potential in CO
  • f global warming potential in CO2

2 equivalents

equivalents

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SLIDE 9

What are the Typical Sources of What are the Typical Sources of Greenhouse Gases at a Seaport? Greenhouse Gases at a Seaport?

  • Direct Combustion of Fuels

Direct Combustion of Fuels

– – Marine Vessels Marine Vessels – – Terminal Equipment Terminal Equipment – – Trucks and Other On Trucks and Other On-

  • Road Vehicles

Road Vehicles – – Locomotives Locomotives – – Facilities (boilers, water heaters, space heating, Facilities (boilers, water heaters, space heating, etc.) etc.)

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What Scope of Activities Should I Include? What Scope of Activities Should I Include? (The Scope Question) (The Scope Question)

  • “

“Port Authority Port Authority” ” vs vs “ “Port Port” ”

  • Port Authority

Port Authority-

  • Owned Equipment, Vehicles,

Owned Equipment, Vehicles, Buildings Buildings

  • Tenants

Tenants’ ’ Activities, Equipment, etc. Activities, Equipment, etc.

  • Employees

Employees’ ’ Activities Activities – – e.g., commuting e.g., commuting

  • Vendors, Visitors, etc.

Vendors, Visitors, etc.

  • Risk of Double

Risk of Double-

  • Counting

Counting

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What Scope of Activities Should I Include? What Scope of Activities Should I Include? (The Boundary Question) (The Boundary Question)

  • Marine Vessels

Marine Vessels – – how far out to sea? how far out to sea?

– – Which facilities/berths? Which facilities/berths?

  • Trucks, Locomotives, and Other On

Trucks, Locomotives, and Other On-

  • Road

Road Vehicles Vehicles – – how far inland? how far inland?

  • Terminal Equipment

Terminal Equipment – – self limiting self limiting (generally operates in one location) (generally operates in one location)

  • Consistency is Key

Consistency is Key

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How Do I Estimate My How Do I Estimate My Greenhouse Gas Emissions? Greenhouse Gas Emissions?

  • Top Down

Top Down

– – Broad Categories Broad Categories – – Overall Fuel Use Measures or Estimates Overall Fuel Use Measures or Estimates

  • Bottom Up

Bottom Up

– – Equipment Specific Equipment Specific – – Activity or Fuel Use Records when Possible Activity or Fuel Use Records when Possible – – Build off of Existing Criteria Pollutant Inventory Build off of Existing Criteria Pollutant Inventory

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SLIDE 13

How Do I Estimate My How Do I Estimate My Greenhouse Gas Emissions? Greenhouse Gas Emissions?

  • Fuel Combustion

Fuel Combustion

– – Organize by Source Category Organize by Source Category – – As Much Detail as Possible (sources / fuel types) As Much Detail as Possible (sources / fuel types) – – Refueling Records Refueling Records – – Fuel Purchase Records Fuel Purchase Records – – Fuel Usage Estimates from Activity Information Fuel Usage Estimates from Activity Information – – Direct Estimates from Activity Information Direct Estimates from Activity Information (e.g., NONROAD, MOBILE models) (e.g., NONROAD, MOBILE models)

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SLIDE 14

How Do I Estimate My How Do I Estimate My Greenhouse Gas Emissions? Greenhouse Gas Emissions?

  • Fuel Types

Fuel Types

– – Diesel Diesel – – Biodiesel (know % if blend, e.g., B20) Biodiesel (know % if blend, e.g., B20) – – Gasoline (account for ethanol fraction) Gasoline (account for ethanol fraction) – – Propane Propane – – Ethanol Ethanol – – Natural Gas Natural Gas – – Residual Fuel Residual Fuel

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How Do I Estimate My How Do I Estimate My Greenhouse Gas Emissions? Greenhouse Gas Emissions?

Emi Emission Factors, mass of GHG per gallon fuel

ssion Factors, mass of GHG per gallon fuel “ “X X” ” gals fuel x gals fuel x “ “Y Y” ” grams CO grams CO2

2 per gal

per gal = = “ “Z Z” ” grams of CO grams of CO2

2 (convert to

(convert to tonnes tonnes) ) Or, mass balance based on carbon content of the fuel Or, mass balance based on carbon content of the fuel “ “X X” ” tonnes fuel x tonnes fuel x “ “Y Y” ” % carbon x (44/12) % carbon x (44/12) = = “ “Z Z” ” tonnes CO tonnes CO2

2

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SLIDE 16

How Do I Estimate My How Do I Estimate My Greenhouse Gas Emissions? Greenhouse Gas Emissions?

  • Fuel Usage Estimates from Equipment Activity

Fuel Usage Estimates from Equipment Activity Information Information

– – Horsepower x load factor x hours = hp Horsepower x load factor x hours = hp-

  • hrs

hrs – – Specific fuel consumption (SFC) Specific fuel consumption (SFC) = gals per hp = gals per hp-

  • hr

hr – – Multiply hp Multiply hp-

  • hrs by SFC = gallons fuel

hrs by SFC = gallons fuel

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SLIDE 17

How Do I Estimate My How Do I Estimate My Greenhouse Gas Emissions? Greenhouse Gas Emissions?

  • Direct CO

Direct CO2

2 Estimates from Activity Information

Estimates from Activity Information

– – EPA models developed to estimate emissions from EPA models developed to estimate emissions from vehicles and equipment vehicles and equipment – – MOBILE series MOBILE series – – on

  • n-
  • road vehicles

road vehicles – – NONROAD series NONROAD series – – off

  • ff-
  • road equipment

road equipment – – MOVES MOVES – – consolidated model, not yet released for consolidated model, not yet released for use use

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SLIDE 18

How Do I Estimate My How Do I Estimate My Greenhouse Gas Emissions? Greenhouse Gas Emissions?

  • Inventory Summary Organized by:

Inventory Summary Organized by: – – Facility / Terminal, etc. Facility / Terminal, etc. – – Direct (generally fuel) Direct (generally fuel) vs vs Indirect (generally electricity) Indirect (generally electricity) – – Source Category Source Category – – Fuel Type Fuel Type

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SLIDE 19

Summary Summary

  • Principal sources of GHGs are fuel burning

Principal sources of GHGs are fuel burning and electricity consumption and electricity consumption

  • Defining Geographical and Activity

Defining Geographical and Activity Boundaries is Important Boundaries is Important

  • Remember to track bio

Remember to track bio-

  • fuel components of

fuel components of diesel and gasoline diesel and gasoline

  • There are many ways to track or estimate fuel

There are many ways to track or estimate fuel usage usage

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SLIDE 20

Summary Summary

  • Organization is Key

Organization is Key

– – Emission Sources Emission Sources – – Records (fuel, electricity) Records (fuel, electricity) – – Calculations Calculations – – Assumptions Assumptions

  • Make Use of Resources

Make Use of Resources

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For More Information For More Information

http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/index.html http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/index.html http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryre http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryre port.html port.html http://www.theclimateregistry.org/about.html http://www.theclimateregistry.org/about.html http://www.theclimateregistry.org/downloads/GRP.pdf http://www.theclimateregistry.org/downloads/GRP.pdf

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SLIDE 22

Contact Information Contact Information

Joseph Ray, Principal Joseph Ray, Principal Air Quality Technical Director Air Quality Technical Director Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 801 801-

  • 582

582-

  • 9471

9471 jray@starcrestllc.com jray@starcrestllc.com Bruce Bruce Anderson, Principal Anderson, Principal Director of Air Quality Director of Air Quality Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 360 360-

  • 930

930-

  • 2523

2523 andersob@starcrestllc.com andersob@starcrestllc.com