Optimizing re me dia tio n a ppro a c he s Optimizing re me dia - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Optimizing re me dia tio n a ppro a c he s Optimizing re me dia tio n a ppro a c he s a t mine site s: ho w unde rsta nding b io g e o c he mic a l pro c e sse s a nd b io g e o c he mic a l pro c e sse s a nd mo de ling c a n g uide
K a te Ca mpb e ll US Ge o lo g ic a l Surve y Bo ulde r, CO
Photo credit: Mike Hay ARCADIS, 2013
Pump and Treat/ Conventional water treatment facilities treatment facilities
Groundwater and/or surface water treatment Ion exchange, reverse osmosis, lime addition, etc.
Constructed wetlands, covers
Surface water Mine wastes
I Sit In Situ approaches - groundwat ter
Reduction [U(VI) U(IV)]
Biological: Organic carbon injection Chemical: Sulfide injection Chemical: Sulfide injection
Mineral Precipitation
Soluble phosphate injection
I Sit In Situ: Reacti tive B Barri iers
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pH Me ta l
sta te Me ta l- b inding lig a nds g
Mineral precipitation/dissolution and precipitation/dissolution and adsorption
Mining and r e me diation ofte n pe r tur bs r e dox state of syste m pe r tur bs r e dox state of syste m
q uilib rium
Dise q uilib rium Oppo rtunity fo r b io tic pro c e sse s K ine tic s o f re a c tio ns impo rta nt
mpro ve mo de ling b y inc re a sing funda me nta l b io g e o c he mic a l pro c e sse s
de ntify ke y re a c tio ns
ine tic s vs. e q uilib rium
Mic ro b ia l pro c e sse s Pre c ipita tio n
Code: PHREEQC
yxwvutsrponmlihgfedcbaSRPOMLKIHGFDA
L a b o ra to ry Ba tc h re a c to rs Ba tc h re a c to rs Pure c ulture s (b a c te ria ) I n situ e xpe rime nts Synthe tic wa te r Pure mine ra l pha se s Co lumn e xpe rime nts Mic ro b ia l c o mmunity Mic ro b ia l c o mmunity Site -spe c ific so lids
Ke y pr
R ate s
F i ld F ie ld Pilo t a nd full- sc a le tre a tme nt/ re me dia tio n
He te r
He te r
and c omple xity
a q uife r
pa ssiva tio n o f o re b y pho spha te a me ndme nt
F e (I I I ) + sulfa te F e (I I )-sulfide s ( ) ( ) U(VI )(a q ) U(I V)(s)
windows
UO 2 Bio ma ss, o the r surfa c e re a c tio ns re ta rd o xida tive disso lutio n
Ca mpb e ll, K M, e t a l., E S&T 2011, Ba rg a r e t a l., PNAS 2013
Mic ro b ia l U(VI ) F e (I I I )
Mic ro b ia l U(VI ), F e (I I I ), sulfa te re duc tio n Re mo va l: U, V, Se I A I nc re a se : As
do mina nt during F e (I I I )
Geobacter SRB
a nd U(VI ) re duc tio n Po pula tio n shifte d to
Anderson et al., AEM 2003
p sulfa te re duc e rs
5Ca +2 + 3HPO 4
2O Ca 5(PO 4)3OH + 4H +
Hydr
2H
+ + 2UO 2 +2 + 2PO 4
2(UO 2)2(PO 4)2
Autinite
2 4 2 2 2 4 2
a s U(VI ) t U(VI ) tre a t tme nt t
pa ssiva te pa ssiva te surfa c e o f U(I V) o re s? surfa c e o f U(I V) o re s?
Ne xt ste p: U o re c o lumn studie s
Cha lle ng ing to c o ntro l mic ro b ia l c o mmunity
Pa ssiva tio n o f U(I
V) surfa c e s ma y pre ve nt c o ntinue d o xida tio n
I
n situ re c o ve ry (I SR mine s)
Co nve ntio na l mining L
e g a c y site s L e g a c y site s
Sac r ame nto
Ir
Mtn Mi
Sac r ame nto L e viathan Mine
Mine Map Ar e a
Iron Mountain Mine Leviathan Mine
Pipe sc a le re q uire s c o stly c le a n o ut a t I MM e ve ry 2 4 ye a rs a nd Pipe sc a le re q uire s c o stly c le a n-o ut a t I MM e ve ry 2-4 ye a rs, a nd c o mple te re pla c e me nt o f pipe s a t L M e ve ry ye a r – c ommon pr
in AMD pipe line s
g
pH = 0.5-0.8 F e = 12,000 mg / L Sulfa te = 49,000 mg / L
F e (I I I ) F e (I I )
SS2
F e (T )
18 mg / L 1111 mg / L pH 2.62 950 mg / L pH 2.96 1034 mg / L pH 2.63 1028 mg / L pH 2.71 977 mg / L pH 2 73 962 mg / L pH 2.73 962 mg / L pH 2.74
Wate r
e (I I ) o xida tio n
Unfilte r e d wate r
Wate r + sc ale = Bio tic F
e (I I ) o xida tio n, e ffe c t
0.1μm filtration Contr
e (I I )
Dissolve d F e (II)
F e (II) mM
30 25 20 20 15 10 5
Unfilte re d wa te r wa te r Unfilte re d wa te r + sc a le Unfilte re d wa te r + sc a le
20 40 60 80 100
ti (h )
Ab io tic c o ntro ls
time (hour s)
F e (II) oxidation pH< 5 is a biotic pr
XRD, SE M We t c he mic a l e xtra c tio ns T
C a nd N a na l sis C a nd N a na lysis Mic ro b ia l c o mmunity: Mic ro b ia l c o mmunity:
e -o xidizing b a c te ria (MPNs)
de io nize d wa te r
L e ast aggr e ssive
0.2M a mmo nium o xa la te 0.5M HCl 0.5M HCl 0.5M hydro xy yla mine HCl
M t i Most aggr e ssive
Sc hwe r tmannite (F e 8O 8(OH)6SO 4) and Goe thite (F e OOH)
reference compounds
Prima rily Sc hwe r
tmannite [ide a l
Goe thite Sc hwe r tmannite (br
pe ak) + goe thite
c o rundum inte rna l sta nda rd
%
Goe thite
SS12 SS10 SS8 SS8 SS6 SS6
Sc hwe rt.
98.9% 97.7% 97.5% 98.1%
Prima rily Sc hwe r
tmannite [ide a l
c o mpo sitio n: F e 8O 8(OH)6SO 4] with
e OOH]
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0 03 0.03 3 0.025 2.8 0 02 0.02 2.6 pH F e (T ) (M) F e (II) (M M) 0.015 0.01 2.4 2.2 0.005 2 0.03 0.025 time (hour s)
mic r
e (II) Kine tic s for mic r
e (II)
0 02 0.02
0.015
0.01
e nzyme kine tic s
ine tic s de pe nds o n sub stra te e nzyme kine tic s
0.005
(F e (I I )) a nd c e ll c o nc e ntra tio n
Kine tic ally c ontr
50 100 150 200 250 50 100 150 200 250
sc hwe r tmannite pr e c ipitation
time (hour s) 50 100 150 200 250 50 100 150 200 250
3 0E 03 SS12
“Slug”- style inje c tion of c onse r vative tr ac e r L i
2.5E
ra ve l time s T ra ve l time s
2.0E
1 5E
1.5E 03
/ s) 75 g pm (4.7 L / s)
/ s)
/ s) 1.0E
5.0E
0.0E +00 20 40 60 80 100 120
time (min) L i (M)
3.0E
SS10 SS8
Dotted = field data Solid = model
SS6 SS2 > Va ria b le ve lo c ity in e a c h se c tio n o f pipe line > Va ria b le ve lo c ity in e a c h se c tio n o f pipe line
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80% 90% 60% 70%
)
30% 40% 50%
% F e (II)
75 g pm 150 g pm 1075 g pm PW3 o nly PW3 o nly PW3 + SCRR 10% 20% 30% 0% SS12 SS10 SS8 SS6 SS2
Do ub ling flo w fro m 75 to 150 g pm slig htly de c re a se d a mo unt o xidize d
e (I I ) o xida tio n
unning pipe line at highe r flow r ate s flow r ate s
ffe c t on tr e atme nt plant ope r ations
no sc ale no sc ale
50
10%
40
5% 5%
30
F e (T ) 1%
20 10 10 100 200 300
2.9 2.7 2.5 2.3
pH pH
2 1 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 100 200 300
time (hours)
Pr e c ipitation in 1% R ic hmond – none in 5%, 10%
pH
T
e (mM)
with sc ale with sc ale
60 50 40 30 20 10 10
10% 5% 5% 1%
50 100 150 200 250 300
2.9 2.7 2.5 2.3 2 1 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 100 200 300
time (hours)
Sc ale buffe r s pH to 2.1-2.2
De c r e asing pH e ffe c tive in pr e ve nting sc ale for mation
impro ve s c o nc e ptua l a nd nume ric a l mo de ls
Ba la nc e c o mple xity a nd b ro a d a pplic a b ility
wa te r c he mistry c ruc ia l
Mo de l de ve lo pme nt Site ma na g e me nt
Surfa c e AMD Aq uife r b io re me dia tio n a nd pho spha te a me ndme nt
Aq uife r b io re me dia tio n a nd pho spha te a me ndme nt
Bridg e la b o ra to ry to fie ld sc a le