C o smic Ra y T e le sc o pe fo r the E ffe c ts o f R a dia tio n ( CRa T R ) E Ra dia tio n De te c tio n a nd Do sime try Wo rksho p 7 April 2006 , Bo sto n Unive rsity Ha rla n E . Spe nc e , o n b e ha lf o f the CRa T E R Sc ie nc e T e a m
CRa T E R Sc ie nc e T e a m a nd K e y Pe rso nne l Na me Na me Institution Institution Role Role Ha rla n E . Spe nc e BU PI L a rry Ke pko “ ” Co- I (E / PO, Ca l, IODA le a d) Justin C. Ka spe r MIT / BU Co- I (Proje c t Sc ie ntist) J. Be rna rd Bla ke T he Ae rospa c e Corp Co- I (De te c tor le a d) Joe E . Ma zur “ ” Co- I (GCR/ SPE E nvironme nt le a d) L a rry T ownse nd UT Knoxville Co- I (T ra nsport c ode mode ling le a d) Mic ha e l J. Golig htly AF RL Colla bora tor (Ra dia tion E ffe c ts le a d) T e rry G. Onsa g e r NOAA/ SE C Colla bora tor (CR me a sure me nts, Spa c e we a the r le a d) Ric k F o ste r MI T / BU Pro je c t Ma na g e r Bo b Go e ke MI T Syste ms E ng ine e r Bria n K la tt “ ” Q&A Chris Swe e ne y BU I nstrume nt T e st L e a d
RO) una r Re c onna issa nc e Orbite r (L L
1st Ste p in the Ro b o tic L una r E xplo ra tio n Pro g ra m – L a unc h: Oc t 2008 Robotic Lunar Exploration Program Robotic Lunar Exploration Program L RO Obje c tive s • Cha ra c te riza tion of the luna r ra dia tion e nvironme nt, biologic a l impac ts, and pote ntia l mitig a tion. Ke y a spe c ts of this obje c tive inc lude de te rmining the g loba l radia tion e nvironme nt, inve stig a ting the c a pabilitie s of pote ntia l shie lding ma te ria ls, a nd va lida ting de e p spac e ra dia tion prototype ha rdwa re a nd softwa re . • De ve lo p a hig h re so lutio n g lo b a l, thre e dime nsio na l g e o de tic g rid o f the Mo o n a nd pro vide the to po g ra phy ne c e ssa ry fo r se le c ting future la nding site s. • Asse ss in de ta il the re so urc e s a nd e nviro nme nts o f the Mo o n’ s po la r re g io ns. • Hig h spa tia l re so lutio n a sse ssme nt o f the Mo o n’ s surfa c e a ddre ssing e le me nta l c o mpo sitio n, mine ra lo g y, a nd Re g o lith c ha ra c te ristic s
L RO Missio n Ove rvie w: Orb ite r L RO Instrume nts INSTRUMENT • A) Me a sure me nt Inve stig a tion – L una r Orbite r L a se r Altime te r (L OL MODULE L OL A will de te rmine the g lo b al to po g ra phy o f the luna r surfa c e a t CRaTER hig h re so lutio n, me a sure landing site slo pe s a nd se a rc h fo r po la r ic e s in sha do we d re g io ns. LROC • ROC) – L ROC will a c q uire LOLA L una r Re c onna issa nc e Orbite r Ca me ra (L ta rg e te d imag e s o f the luna r surfa c e c a pa ble o f re so lving small- AVIONICS sc a le fe a ture s tha t c o uld be la nding site ha za rds, a s we ll a s wide - MODULE a ng le imag e s a t multiple wave le ng ths o f the luna r po le s to do c ume nt c ha ng ing illumina tio n c o nditio ns a nd po te ntial re so urc e s. LAMP • ND) – L E ND will ma p the flux L una r E xplora tion Ne utron De te c tor (L E o f ne utro ns fro m the luna r surfa c e to se a rc h fo r e vide nc e o f wa te r SOLAR ARRAY ic e a nd pro vide me a sure me nts o f the spa c e ra dia tio n PROPULSION e nviro nme nt whic h c a n b e use ful fo r future huma n e xplo ra tio n. MODULE Mini-RF • xpe rime nt – Divine r will ma p the Divine r L una r Ra diome te r E LRO Preliminary Design te mpe ra ture o f the e ntire luna r surfa c e a t 300 me te r ho rizo ntal sc a le s to ide ntify c o ld-tra ps a nd po te ntial ic e de po sits. • AMP) – L AMP will o b se rve the L yma n- Alpha Ma pping Proje c t (L INSTRUMENT AVIONICS e ntire luna r surfa c e in the fa r ultra vio le t. L AMP will se a rc h fo r MODULE MODULE surfa c e ic e s a nd fro sts in the po la r re g io ns a nd pro vide imag e s o f pe rma ne ntly sha do we d re g io ns illumina te d o nly b y sta rlig ht. HGA • ) – LAMP Cosmic Ra y T e le sc ope for the E ffe c ts of Ra dia tion (CRa T E R CRa T E R will inve stig a te the e ffe c t o f g alac tic c o smic ra ys o n tissue - e q uivale nt pla stic s a s a c o nstraint o n mo de ls o f bio lo g ic al re spo nse PROPULSION to b a c kg ro und spa c e ra dia tio n. MODULE LEND Diviner Pre limina ry L RO Cha ra c te ristic s Dry: 603 kg Ma ss 1317 kg F ue l: 714 kg SOLAR ARRAY Po we r 745 W Me a sure me nt 575 Gb / da y Da ta Vo lume
R Sc ie nc e Me a sure me nt Co nc e pt E CRa T
CRa T E R T e le sc o pe Co nfig ura tio n Hig h L E T de te c to r L o w L E T de te c to r
Asse mb ly Sta c k o f CRa T E R T e le sc o pe De te c to r Na dir T E P T e le sc o pe Ho using s Ape rture ho using Co ve r T E P Ho using Hig h L E T De te c to rs L o w L E T De te c to rs
CRa T E R Sc ie nc e Summa ry • GCR/ SE P pa re nt spe c tra me a sure d b y o the r spa c e c ra ft during missio n • Bio lo g ic a l a sse ssme nt re q uire s no t inc ide nt CR spe c trum, b ut line a l e ne rg y tra nsfe r (L E T ) spe c tra be hind tissue - e quiva le nt ma te ria l • L E T spe c tra a re a n impo rta nt link, c urre ntly de rive d fro m mo de ls; e xpe rime nta l me a sure me nts re q uire d fo r c ritic a l g ro und truth – CRa T E R will provide this ke y da ta produc t CRa T E R’s e ne rg y spe c tra l ra ng e : • 200 ke V to 100 Me V (low L E T de te c tor c ha ins) • 2 Me V to 1 Ge V (hig h L E T de te c tor c ha ins) • E ~ 0.1 c m 2 - sr ne rg y re solution <0.5% (a t ma x e ne rg y); GF T his c orre sponds to: • L E T fro m 0.2 ke V/ µ to 7 Me V/ µ (sto pping 1 Ge v/ nuc 56-F e ) • E xc e lle nt spe c tra l o ve rla p in the 100 ke v/ µ ra ng e (ke y ra ng e fo r RBE s)
CRa T E R Prima ry Sc ie nc e • L E T spe c tra c o nstruc te d fo r GCR / SPE inde pe nde ntly, ze nith & nadir • So rte d a c c o rding to luna r pha se , L RO o rb it pha se , a nd luna r lo c a tio n • Will e xplo re GCR fluc tuatio ns o n sho r t time sc ale s (minute s to ho urs, o f inte re st to L I SA missio n) Pre dic te d CRa T E R c o unting ra te s b a se d o n histo ric SPE s GCR (lo w le ve l, slo wly va rying ) a nd SPE (inte nse , ra pidly va rying ) o b se rva tio ns L E T spe c tra so rte d a c c o rding to luna r pha se a nd o rb ita l po sitio ns GCR >80 Me V pro to ns CRaT E R will e xplo re rapid GCR variatio ns, disc o ve re d re c e ntly b y NASA/ Po lar HI ST (re sults pre se nte d last mo nth at L I S A me e ting in UK)
CRa T E R Se c o ndary Sc ie nc e – Muo n “L imb Brig hte ning ” thro ug h Spa lla tio n
Ma ximum sing le s de te c to r ra te s CRa T E R g e ts 100 / se c !! 100 kbits kbits/ se c
Re c e nt CRa T E R Be a m Va lida tio n/ Mo de ling Mode ling SRIM, GE ANT 4, BBF RAG, HE T C- HE DS, F L UKA, HZT RAN Be a m Va lida tion 12 Se pte mb e r 2005 De te c to r pro to type c ha ra c te riza tio n a t L BNL 88” c yc lo tro n 22 Ja nua ry 2005 T E PT A re spo nse to p+’ s a t MGH pro to n a c c e le ra to r (10 - 230 Me V) 13 Ma rc h 2006 Pro to type de te c to r/ T E P c ha ra c te riza tio n a t L BNL (lig ht io ns) 27 Ma rc h 2006 T E PT A re spo nse to he a vy io ns a t BNL (56-F e , 0.3 & 1 Ge v/ n) – 4 ho urs o f b e a m time Ma y/ June 2006 E / M de te c to r te sting a t L BNL June 2006 E / M CRa T E R b e a m va lida tio n a t BNL (56-F e , 0.6 Ge V/ n) – 4 mo re ho urs o f b e a m time
F ra g me nta tio n o f 1 Ge V/ nuc F e in CRa T E R • Sta te -o f-the -a rt in-de ve lo pme nt physic s c o de s use d fo r mo st c o mple x inte ra c tio ns (e ne rg e tic he a vy io ns) – the se a re c o de s tha t we ho pe CRa T E R da ta pro duc ts will ultima te ly impro ve • HE T C-HE DS & BBF RAG (se e e xa mple b e lo w) use d to c o nstra in e xtre me s • L a b va lida tio n o f T E P te st a ppa ra tus a nd E / M unit in a va ila b le b e a ms (c r: C. Z e itlin) Nuc le a r I ro n in fra g me nta tio n yie lds sho we r o f e le me nts a fte r Be a m inc ide nt iro n io n de g ra da tio n a fte r pa ssing thro ug h E ve rything e lse o ut CRa T E R te le sc o pe
CRa T E R Be a m Runs a t L BNL a nd MGH 12 Se pte mb e r 2005 – L BNL 88” c yc lo tro n I o n Be a m Run a t L BNL Pro to type CRa T E R De te c to r fro m Mic ro n Se mic o nduc to r 22 Ja nua ry 2006 – MGH Pro to n Ra dia tio n T he ra py F a c ility SSDs & T E P Physic s Be a mline a t 230 Me V MGH Pro to n Ac c e le ra to r T E P T e st Appa ra tus L uc ite b e a m sto p
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