On the re le va nc e o f disc ussing se dime nt-so il a nd so - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

On the re le va nc e o f disc ussing se dime nt-so il a nd so il-se dime nt tra nsitio ns b y Susa nne He ise , o n b e ha lf o f the pa rtic ipa nts o f the Se dNe t-Wo rksho p 2016

Wo rksho p: Whe n se dime nt b e c o me s so il a nd so il b e c o me s se dime nt..  Pre nzline r Mühle , Ge rma ny  Ma y 10th – 13th, 2016  15 pa rtic ipa nts  11 c o untrie s  F unde d b y Se dNe t Ob je c tive s: E xc ha ng e o f info rma tio n o n tra nsitio n pro c e sse s I de ntific a tio n o f re se a rc h g a ps F irst ste p: Wha t is so il? wha t is se dime nt?

On the diffe re ntia tio n b e twe e n so ils a nd se dime nts So il o r se dime nt?

On the diffe re ntia tio n b e twe e n so ils a nd se dime nts So il o r se dime nt?

On the diffe re ntia tio n b e twe e n so ils a nd se dime nts Whe re do e s se dime nt e nd …

On the diffe re ntia tio n b e twe e n so ils a nd se dime nts Whe re do e s se dime nt e nd … …a nd so il b e g in?

On the diffe re ntia tio n b e twe e n so ils a nd se dime nts De finitio ns o f so il re fe r to - fo o d suppo rting se rvic e (se e Ha rte mink 2016) - suppo rting the g ro wth o f ro o te d pla nts (So il Surve y Sta ff 1999) - la ye re d ma te ria l, ha ving unde rg o ne tra nsfo rma tio n (De ma & Ra b e nho rst 1999) Pe rc e ptio n o f se dime nt b y the se dime nt c o mmunity, e .g .: “a q ua tic pa rtic ula te ma te ria l with diffe ring physic a l a nd c he mic a l pro pe rtie s tha t c a n b e b io lo g ic a lly influe nc e d. I t is ma de up o f la ye rs o f inc re a sing so lid c o nte nt with de pth a nd inc lude s suspe nde d ma te ria l, fluid la ye r, unc o nso lida te d a nd c o nso lida te d ma te ria l, so a ll ma tte r tha t c o uld po te ntia lly c o mprise the suspe nsio n-se dime nta tio n c yc le .” (Se dNe t WG 5, 2002)

T he re a re diffe re nt pe rc e ptio ns o f so il a nd se dime nt. So wha t? Sub je c t o f pro te c tio n: so il Sub je c t o f pro te c tio n: wa te r (F uc h, BfG) E xa mple Ge rma ny: Ove rla pping jurisdic tio ns in e nviro nme nta l impa c t a na lyse s: So il: F e de ra l So il Pro te c tio n Ordina nc e (BBo dSc hG 1998) Wa te r: F e de ra l Wa te r Ac t (WHG) Po te ntia l c o nflic ts if re g ula te d b y diffe re nt a utho ritie s

T he re a re diffe re nt pe rc e ptio ns o f so il a nd se dime nt. So wha t? Risks o f pa ra lle l re se a rc h o r o f re se a rc h g a ps, a nd o f misunde rsta nding s Blum (2005) : „ …it c a n b e sa id tha t so ils o r se dime nts c a n o nly b e de fine d fo r time inte rva ls, during whic h the y a re e ithe r unde r hydro lo g ic a l o r unde r te rre stria l c o nditio ns”

“(te rre stria l) so il to wa te r”  Sto ra g e o f so ils in la ke s  E ro sio n o f rive r b a nks, la nd slide s (Vink e t a l. 2017)  I nunda tio ns (pe rma ne ntly o r pe rio dic a lly) L a nd slide s F lo o ding F lo o d pla in re sto ra tio n Rive r b a nk e ro sio n Rive r Gö ta Älv (K re e tsa nd , E lb e ) E lb e flo o d pla in E lb e b a c kwa te r

Do e s (te rre stria l) so il e a sily tra nsfo rm into se dime nt a nd vic e ve rsa ?  What impact do these transitions have on ecosystem functions of soils and sediments?  Do we adequately address the risk from contaminants to soil and/or to sediment functions in transition zones?  What implications does this have for management decisions?  And – perhaps the most important question of all : Is it “relevant”?

“(te rre stria l) so il to wa te r” E xa mple fro m E ng la nd: Sa ltma rsh re sta ura tio n (K a te Spe nc e r)  De lib e ra te re mo va l o f a c o a sta l de fe nc e to a llo w inunda tio n o f a pre vio usly de fe nde d c o a sta l a re a ‘ Ma na g e d Re a lig nme nt’  Re sulte d in tida l inunda tio n o f lo w-lying , dra ine d a g ric ultura l la nd. Orplands Farm MR, Blackwater Estuary Essex

3D se dime nt re c o nstruc tio n: iso la tio n o f o rg a nic ma tte r (b y K a te Spe nc e r) Na tura l Re sto re d E ve n a fte r 3 de c a de s: T e xt Diffe re nc e s in  de nsity o f pla nt ro o ts in de e pe r la ye rs a lso in  c o nne c tivity o f po re vo lume  hydra ulic e ffic ie nc y  nutrie nt c yc ling

Re c o ve ry o f re sto re d we tla nds Re vie w b y Mo re no -Ma te o s e t a l. 2012 L o w re c o ve ry o f C-sto ra g e L o w a c c umula tio n o f so il o rg a nic ma tte r Only 74 % o f we tla nds re c o ve re d the ir bioge oc he mic al func tioning (50-100 yrs) age s ): Re c ove r y of biologic al c ompone nts (ave r Ve rte b ra te s (~ 5 yrs) > ma c ro inve rte b ra te s (5-10 yrs) >> pla nts (>30 yrs) Value of c ompe nsaton me asur e s?

Ge o c he mic a l c ha ng e s – time re la te d (Vink e t a l. 2010) Pro b a b ly do mina te d b y shift fro m a e ro b ic to a na e ro b ic c o nditio ns. Pa rtly c o mpe ting a nd time de pe nde nt pro c e sse s Ag e ing pro c e sse s Bio a va ila b ility o f c o nta mina nts

Ava ila b ility o f c o nta mina nts? A B Se dime nt 0-10 c m Se dime nt 10-20 c m

Ava ila b ility o f c o nta mina nts? ∑PCB 7 As Pb Cu pp’ Alg a e Mic ro to x SK T DDD te st te st mg / kg µg / kg % inhib itio n < 20 µm fra c tio n < 2 mm wa te r e lutria te < 2 mm A 151 340 258 99,2 1600 B 211 435 402 158 1600 Se dime nt 0-10 c m 226 427 388 126 2200 -24,76 42,23 76,59 Se dime nt 10-20 c m 140 327 259 16,60 280 -48,38 31,03 85,47

Ava ila b ility o f c o nta mina nts? ∑PCB 7 As Pb Cu pp’ Alg a e Mic ro to x SCT DDD te st te st (b a c t.)  Hig h c o nta mina tio n with a no rg a nic a nd o rg a nic c o nta mina nts  No to mo de ra te to xic ity in e lutria te s mg / kg µg / kg % inhib itio n  Hig h to xic ity in dire c t se dime nt c o nta c t  re duc e d b io a va ila b ility in o ve rlying wa te r < 20 µm fra c tio n < 2 mm wa te r e lutria te < 2 mm  b e nthic fa una c o uld b e a ffe c te d. A 151 340 258 99,2 1600 B 211 435 402 158 1600 Se dime nt 0-10 c m 226 427 388 126 2200 -24,76 42,23 76,59 Se dime nt 10-20 c m 140 327 259 16,60 280 -48,38 31,03 85,47

“Se dime nt to la nd”-tra nsitio ns  De po sitio n o n flo o d pla ins  L a nd dispo sa l o f dre dg e d ma te ria l  L a nd re c la ma tio n Se dime nt tra ps L a nd dispo sa l o f DM in Ha mb urg Re c la ime d la nd in the NL in the flo o d pla in (Ne tzb a nd, HPA) (www.wo rlda tla s.c o m) (K rüg e r e t a l. 2014)

L ittle info rma tio n o n se dime nt to so il tra nsitio ns  la nd is “re ”c la ime d fo r huma n use , no t e c o lo g ic a l va lue  se dime nt dispo sa l site s a re e ng ine e re d struc ture s, se ldo m mo nito re d (info rma tio n we lc o me !)

Se dime nt to so il xa mple fro m F ra nc e (Ba ta illa rd, BRGM, F E ra nc e ): Se dime nt de po site d in a pit o n la nd!  Afte r 10 ye a rs, flo ra se e ms to b le nd into e nviro nme nt  I n the ma te ria l b e lo w: no e a rthwo rms o r o the r inve rte b ra te s  pr ovision of e c osyste m se r vic e s? F ig ure s pro vide d b y c o urte sy o f Philippe Ba ta illa rd

And we ha ve n’ t e ve n me ntio ne d so il- se dime nt-so il-se dime nt …. Pro c e sse s during fre q ue nt tra nsitio ns  I nte rtida l a re a s  Wa te r re se rvo irs F re shwa te r mudfla t Ma rine mudfla t Wa te r re se rvo ir fo r hydro po we r He uc ke nlo c k (D) Ne ufe lde r Wa tt (D) No rwa y

Co nc lusio n So il ≠ se dime nt  I t c a n ta ke de c a de s b e fo re re sto re d we tla nds c a n fulfill the sa me func tio ns a s “na tura l” we tla nds Co mpe nsa tio n me a sure s?  De c isio n ma ke rs sho uld a ddre ss the time sc a le o f tra nsitio ns  Se dime nts  so il: T ra nsitio n pro c e sse s ? ? ?  Pe rio dic tra nsitio ns: I mpa c t o f ra pidly c ha ng ing fa c to rs?  De ve lo pme nt o f inno va tive a sse ssme nt te c hniq ue s ma y b e ne c e ssa ry tha t a pply to b o th, so il a nd se dime nts.

T ha nks to a ll me mb e rs o f the wo rk sho p a t Pre nzline r Mühle SGI Swe de n Gunne l Gör ansson DT U De nma rk Philipp Maye r E COSSA Ge rma ny Se bastian Höss SE A e nviro nme nta l De c isio ns Gre a t Brita in Sabine Apitz Unive rsity o f Hull Gre a t Brita in Je ane tte Rotc he ll E AWAG-E PF L Switze rla nd Car me n Casado NGI No rwa y Gijs Br e e dve ld BRGM F ra nc e Philippe Bataillar d Unive rsity o f Bo lo g na I ta ly Chiar a F e r r onato De lta re s T he Ne the rla nds L e onar d Osté , Jos Vink Que e n Ma ry Unive rsity o f L o ndo n Gre a t Brita in Kate Spe nc e r T he I nte llig e nc e Gro up USA Philip Spadar o OVAM Be lg ium Dir k De de c ke r HAW Ge rma ny Susanne He ise HAW Ge rma ny Kame lia Same t I f yo u a re inte re ste d to jo in the disc ussio n g ro up, ple a se se nd me a n e ma il.