On the re le va nc e o f disc ussing se dime nt-so il a nd so - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

On the re le va nc e

• f disc ussing se dime nt-so il a nd

so il-se dime nt tra nsitio ns

b y Susa nne He ise , o n b e ha lf o f the pa rtic ipa nts

• f the Se dNe t-Wo rksho p 2016

Wo rksho p: Whe n se dime nt b e c o me s so il a nd so il b e c o me s se dime nt..

 Pre nzline r Mühle , Ge rma ny  Ma y 10th – 13th, 2016  15 pa rtic ipa nts  11 c o untrie s  F

unde d b y Se dNe t Ob je c tive s: E xc ha ng e o f info rma tio n o n tra nsitio n pro c e sse s I de ntific a tio n o f re se a rc h g a ps F irst ste p: Wha t is so il? wha t is se dime nt?

On the diffe re ntia tio n b e twe e n so ils a nd se dime nts

So il o r se dime nt?

On the diffe re ntia tio n b e twe e n so ils a nd se dime nts

So il o r se dime nt?

On the diffe re ntia tio n b e twe e n so ils a nd se dime nts

Whe re do e s se dime nt e nd …

On the diffe re ntia tio n b e twe e n so ils a nd se dime nts

Whe re do e s se dime nt e nd … …a nd so il b e g in?

On the diffe re ntia tio n b e twe e n so ils a nd se dime nts

De finitio ns o f so il re fe r to

• fo o d suppo rting se rvic e (se e Ha rte mink 2016)
• suppo rting the g ro wth o f ro o te d pla nts (So il Surve y Sta ff 1999)
• la ye re d ma te ria l, ha ving unde rg o ne tra nsfo rma tio n (De ma &

Ra b e nho rst 1999)

“a q ua tic pa rtic ula te ma te ria l with diffe ring physic a l a nd c he mic a l pro pe rtie s tha t c a n b e b io lo g ic a lly influe nc e d. I t is ma de up o f la ye rs o f inc re a sing so lid c o nte nt with de pth a nd inc lude s suspe nde d ma te ria l, fluid la ye r, unc o nso lida te d a nd c o nso lida te d ma te ria l, so a ll ma tte r tha t c o uld po te ntia lly c o mprise the suspe nsio n-se dime nta tio n c yc le .” (Se dNe t WG 5, 2002)

Pe rc e ptio n o f se dime nt b y the se dime nt c o mmunity, e .g .:

T he re a re diffe re nt pe rc e ptio ns o f so il a nd se dime nt.

So wha t?

Sub je c t o f pro te c tio n: so il Sub je c t o f pro te c tio n: wa te r (F uc h, BfG)

E xa mple Ge rma ny: Ove rla pping jurisdic tio ns in e nviro nme nta l impa c t a na lyse s: So il: F e de ra l So il Pro te c tio n Ordina nc e (BBo dSc hG 1998) Wa te r: F e de ra l Wa te r Ac t (WHG) Po te ntia l c o nflic ts if re g ula te d b y diffe re nt a utho ritie s

T he re a re diffe re nt pe rc e ptio ns o f so il a nd se dime nt.

Blum (2005) : „…it c a n b e sa id tha t so ils o r se dime nts c a n o nly

b e de fine d fo r time inte rva ls, during whic h the y a re e ithe r unde r hydro lo g ic a l o r unde r te rre stria l c o nditio ns”

So wha t?

Risks o f pa ra lle l re se a rc h o r o f re se a rc h g a ps, a nd o f misunde rsta nding s

“(te rre stria l) so il to wa te r”

 Sto ra g e o f so ils in la ke s  E

ro sio n o f rive r b a nks, la nd slide s

 I

nunda tio ns (pe rma ne ntly o r pe rio dic a lly)

Rive r b a nk e ro sio n E lb e b a c kwa te r L a nd slide s Rive r Gö ta Älv F lo o ding E lb e flo o d pla in F lo o d pla in re sto ra tio n (K re e tsa nd , E lb e ) (Vink e t a l. 2017)

Do e s (te rre stria l) so il e a sily tra nsfo rm into se dime nt a nd vic e ve rsa ?

• What impact do these transitions have on ecosystem functions of soils and

sediments?

• Do we adequately address the risk from contaminants to soil and/or to

sediment functions in transition zones?

• What implications does this have for management decisions?
• And – perhaps the most important question of all: Is it “relevant”?

“(te rre stria l) so il to wa te r”

E xa mple fro m E ng la nd: Sa ltma rsh re sta ura tio n (K a te Spe nc e r)

 De lib e ra te re mo va l o f a c o a sta l de fe nc e to a llo w inunda tio n o f a

pre vio usly de fe nde d c o a sta l a re a ‘ Ma na g e d Re a lig nme nt’

 Re sulte d in tida l inunda tio n o f lo w-lying , dra ine d a g ric ultura l la nd.

Orplands Farm MR, Blackwater Estuary Essex

T e xt

3D se dime nt re c o nstruc tio n: iso la tio n o f o rg a nic ma tte r (b y K a te Spe nc e r)

Na tura l Re sto re d

E ve n a fte r 3 de c a de s: Diffe re nc e s in

• de nsity o f pla nt ro o ts in de e pe r la ye rs

a lso in

• c o nne c tivity o f po re vo lume
• hydra ulic e ffic ie nc y
• nutrie nt c yc ling

Re c o ve ry o f re sto re d we tla nds

Re vie w b y Mo re no -Ma te o s e t a l. 2012 L

• w re c o ve ry o f C-sto ra g e

L

• w a c c umula tio n o f so il o rg a nic ma tte r

Only 74 % o f we tla nds re c o ve re d the ir bioge oc he mic al func tioning (50-100 yrs)

Re c ove r y of biologic al c ompone nts (ave r age s):

Ve rte b ra te s (~ 5 yrs) > ma c ro inve rte b ra te s (5-10 yrs) >> pla nts (>30 yrs)

Value of c ompe nsaton me asur e s?

Ge o c he mic a l c ha ng e s – time re la te d

(Vink e t a l. 2010) Pro b a b ly do mina te d b y shift fro m a e ro b ic to a na e ro b ic c o nditio ns. Pa rtly c o mpe ting a nd time de pe nde nt pro c e sse s Ag e ing pro c e sse s Bio a va ila b ility o f c o nta mina nts

Ava ila b ility o f c o nta mina nts?

Se dime nt 0-10 c m Se dime nt 10-20 c m A B

Ava ila b ility o f c o nta mina nts?

Se dime nt 0-10 c m Se dime nt 10-20 c m A B

As Pb Cu

∑PCB7

pp’ DDD Alg a e te st Mic ro to x te st SK T mg / kg µg / kg % inhib itio n < 20 µm fra c tio n < 2 mm wa te r e lutria te < 2 mm 151 340 258 99,2 1600 211 435 402 158 1600 226 427 388 126 2200

• 24,76

42,23 76,59 140 327 259 16,60 280

• 48,38

31,03 85,47

Ava ila b ility o f c o nta mina nts?

Se dime nt 0-10 c m Se dime nt 10-20 c m A B

As Pb Cu

∑PCB7

pp’ DDD Alg a e te st Mic ro to x te st SCT (b a c t.) mg / kg µg / kg % inhib itio n < 20 µm fra c tio n < 2 mm wa te r e lutria te < 2 mm 151 340 258 99,2 1600 211 435 402 158 1600 226 427 388 126 2200

• 24,76

42,23 76,59 140 327 259 16,60 280

• 48,38

31,03 85,47

• Hig h c o nta mina tio n with a no rg a nic a nd o rg a nic c o nta mina nts
• No to mo de ra te to xic ity in e lutria te s
• Hig h to xic ity in dire c t se dime nt c o nta c t

 re duc e d b io a va ila b ility in o ve rlying wa te r  b e nthic fa una c o uld b e a ffe c te d.

“Se dime nt to la nd”-tra nsitio ns

 De po sitio n o n flo o d pla ins  L

a nd dispo sa l o f dre dg e d ma te ria l

 L

a nd re c la ma tio n

Se dime nt tra ps in the flo o d pla in

(K rüg e r e t a l. 2014)

L a nd dispo sa l o f DM in Ha mb urg

(Ne tzb a nd, HPA) (www.wo rlda tla s.c o m)

Re c la ime d la nd in the NL

L ittle info rma tio n o n se dime nt to so il tra nsitio ns

 la nd is “re ”c la ime d fo r huma n use , no t e c o lo g ic a l va lue  se dime nt dispo sa l site s a re e ng ine e re d struc ture s,

se ldo m mo nito re d (info rma tio n we lc o me !)

Se dime nt to so il

F ig ure s pro vide d b y c o urte sy o f Philippe Ba ta illa rd

• Afte r 10 ye a rs, flo ra se e ms to b le nd into

e nviro nme nt

• I

n the ma te ria l b e lo w: no e a rthwo rms o r o the r inve rte b ra te s E xa mple fro m F

ra nc e (Ba ta illa rd, BRGM, F

ra nc e ):

Se dime nt de po site d in a pit o n la nd!

 pr

• vision of e c osyste m se r

vic e s?

And we ha ve n’ t e ve n me ntio ne d so il- se dime nt-so il-se dime nt …. Pro c e sse s during fre q ue nt tra nsitio ns

 I

nte rtida l a re a s

 Wa te r re se rvo irs

F re shwa te r mudfla t He uc ke nlo c k (D) Ma rine mudfla t Ne ufe lde r Wa tt (D) Wa te r re se rvo ir fo r hydro po we r No rwa y

Co nc lusio n So il ≠ se dime nt

• I

t c a n ta ke de c a de s b e fo re re sto re d we tla nds c a n fulfill the sa me func tio ns a s “na tura l” we tla nds Co mpe nsa tio n me a sure s?

• De c isio n ma ke rs sho uld a ddre ss the time sc a le o f

tra nsitio ns

• Se dime nts  so il: T

ra nsitio n pro c e sse s ? ? ?

• Pe rio dic tra nsitio ns: I

mpa c t o f ra pidly c ha ng ing fa c to rs?

• De ve lo pme nt o f inno va tive a sse ssme nt te c hniq ue s ma y

b e ne c e ssa ry tha t a pply to b o th, so il a nd se dime nts.

T ha nks to a ll me mb e rs o f the wo rk sho p a t Pre nzline r Mühle

Gunne l Gör ansson

SGI Swe de n

Philipp Maye r

DT U De nma rk

Se bastian Höss

E COSSA Ge rma ny

Sabine Apitz

SE A e nviro nme nta l De c isio ns Gre a t Brita in

Je ane tte Rotc he ll

Unive rsity o f Hull Gre a t Brita in

Car me n Casado

E AWAG-E PF L Switze rla nd

Gijs Br e e dve ld

NGI No rwa y

Philippe Bataillar d

BRGM F ra nc e

Chiar a F e r r

• nato

Unive rsity o f Bo lo g na I ta ly

L e onar d Osté , Jos Vink

De lta re s T he Ne the rla nds

Kate Spe nc e r

Que e n Ma ry Unive rsity o f L

• ndo n

Gre a t Brita in

Philip Spadar

• T

he I nte llig e nc e Gro up USA

Dir k De de c ke r

OVAM Be lg ium

Susanne He ise

HAW Ge rma ny

Kame lia Same t

HAW Ge rma ny I f yo u a re inte re ste d to jo in the disc ussio n g ro up, ple a se se nd me a n e ma il.

T ha nks to a ll me mb e rs o f the wo rk sho p a t Pre nzline r Mühle

Gunne l Gör ansson

SGI Swe de n

Philipp Maye r

DT U De nma rk

Se bastian Höss

E COSSA Ge rma ny

Sabine Apitz

SE A e nviro nme nta l De c isio ns Gre a t Brita in

Je ane tte Rotc he ll

Unive rsity o f Hull Gre a t Brita in

Car me n Casado

E AWAG-E PF L Switze rla nd

Gijs Br e e dve ld

NGI No rwa y

Philippe Bataillar d

BRGM F ra nc e

Chiar a F e r r

• nato

Unive rsity o f Bo lo g na I ta ly

L e onar d Osté , Jos Vink

De lta re s T he Ne the rla nds

Kate Spe nc e r

Que e n Ma ry Unive rsity o f L

• ndo n

Gre a t Brita in

Philip Spadar

• T

he I nte llig e nc e Gro up USA

Dir k De de c ke r

OVAM Be lg ium

Susanne He ise

HAW Ge rma ny

Kame lia Same t

HAW Ge rma ny

T ha nk yo u fo r yo ur a tte ntio n Susa nne He ise Susa nne .he ise @ ha w-ha mb urg .de

Re fe re nc e s

Blum W (2005) A Co mme nt fro m the So il-sc ie nc e Pe rspe c tive to the E d ito ria l ´Ne w a nd re c e nt d e ve lo pme nts in so il a nd se d ime nt ma na g e me nt, po lic y a nd sc ie nc e ´ b y Sa b ine E . Apitz [JSS – J So ils & Se d ime nts 5 (3) 129-133 (2005)] Jo urna l o f So ils a nd Se d ime nts 5:195-196 De ma s GP, Ra b e nho rst MC (1999) Sub a q ue o us So ils Pe d o g e ne sis in a Sub me rse d E nviro nme nt So il Sc ie nc e So c ie ty o f Ame ric a Jo urna l 63 d o i:10.2136/ sssa j1999.6351250x F AO (2006) Wo rld Re fe re nc e Ba se fo r So il Re so urc e s 2006. vo l 103. F AO, Ro me Ha rte mink AE (2016) Cha pte r T wo - T he d e finitio n o f so il sinc e the e a rly 1800s. In: Do na ld L S (e d ) Ad va nc e s in Ag ro no my, vo l Vo lume 137. Ac a d e mic Pre ss, pp 73-126. K riste nse n E , Ra b e nho rst MC (2015) Do ma rine ro o te d pla nts g ro w in se d ime nt o r so il? A c ritic a l a ppra isa l o n d e finitio ns, me tho d o lo g y a nd c o mmunic a tio n E a rth-Sc ie nc e Re vie ws 145:1-8 K rüg e r F , Sc hwa rtz R, K une rt M, F rie se K (2006) Me tho d s to c a lc ula te se d ime nta tio n ra te s o f flo o d pla in so ils in the mid d le re g io n o f the E lb e Rive r Ac ta hyd ro c himic a e t hyd ro b io lo g ic a 34:175- 187 Mo re no -Ma te o s D, Po we r M, Co mín F , Yo c kte ng R (2012) Struc tura l a nd F unc tio na l L

• ss in Re sto re d

We tla nd E c o syste ms PL

• S Bio l 10:e 1001247 d o i:c ite ulike -a rtic le -id :10286880

So il Surve y Sta ff (1999) So il T a xo no my: A b a sic syste m o f so il c la ssific a tio n fo r ma king a nd inte rpre ting so il surve ys vo l Numb e r 436. Ag ric ulture Ha nd b o o k, 2nd E d itio n e d n. US Go v. Print. Offic e , Wa shing to n, DC Vink JPM, Ha rmse n J, Rijna a rts H (2010) De la ye d immo b iliza tio n o f he a vy me ta ls in so ils a nd se d ime nts und e r re d uc ing a nd a na e ro b ic c o nd itio ns; c o nse q ue nc e s fo r flo o d ing a nd sto ra g e Jo urna l o f So ils a nd Se d ime nts 10:1633-1645