Oil Oil Anal Analysis ysis Basics Basics Pr Presenta esentatio tion: n: How oil analysis reports will show Wear metals, Oil, Water & Fuel patterns or information improved engine maintenance & performance or product comparison. Data provided for information purposes - not to compare products SynMax University – www.synmaxperformancelubricants.com
Oil Oil Anal Analysis ysis Basics Basics • All Oil analysis reports have the same basic elements • Oil Sample Information ( when and how is was taken) (Sample number, Date , Miles or Hours on Unit or Oil.) • Wear Metals measured in Parts Per Millions (PPM) (Copper, Iron, Lead, Chromium, Aluminum, Lead) • Additives measured in Parts Per Millions (PPM) (Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Zinc, Magnesium, Calcium) Contaminates (Antifreeze, Fuel Dilution, Water, Silicon) Oil Properties (Viscosity, SAE / ISO, Sulfur, Oxidation, Nitration, Soot)
Engine Engine Oil Oil Anal Analysis ysis Basics Basics - Ad Additiv ditives es Additives: Manufacturer blends these element into the oil in different forms & quantities. Additive package will vary depending on the type of oil • Molybdenum – anti-wear for surface coating or treatment. • Zinc – anti- wear works as “buffer zone” between surface areas. • Phosphorous – anti-wear & extreme pressure work together w/ Zinc. • Magnesium – dispersant/detergent “ability to remove, hold & suspend dirt” • Calcium - dispersant/detergent “ability to hold & suspend contaminates” • Sodium - dispersant/detergent
SAMPLE SAMPLE OIL OIL AN ANAL ALYSIS: SIS: Valvoline Racing ( 10W30) Oil Analysis. Moly 1, Zinc/Phous.1300 Calcium 775, Silcon 6 Viscosity 10.72 Joe Gibbs XP-3 ( 10W30) Oil Analysis Moly 1221, Zinc/Phous.1200 Calcium 849, Silcon 9, Viscosity 10.9
Engine Engine Oil Oil Anal Analysis ysis Basics Basics – WEAR ME WEAR METALS ALS Wear Metals ( Copper, Iron, Chromium, Aluminum, Lead) These metals indicate wear on particular components in a compartment. The particles reported in parts per million (PPM) indicates a wear problem on a microscopic level before the problem can be detected by conventional means. The essence of a wear problem is determined not only by maximum limits for each metal, but more importantly, by a relative increase or trend in one or more of these metals. * Lead for racing applications, normally indicates the amount of racing fuel in the oil from a leaded race fuel. Wear Metal Normal Abnormal Severe Extra Severe Iron 100 100-250 250-400 400+ Copper 40 40-100 100-200 200+ Chromium 40 40-100 100-200 200+ Aluminum 40 40-100 100-200 200+ Lead* 50 50-100 100-200 200+ Silicon 20 20-50 50-100 100+
Engine Engine Oil Oil Anal Analysis ysis Basics Basics - Ad Additiv ditives es Molybdenum – • Normal lubricants 0 ppm • Advanced lubricants 100 ppm • Advanced & Race levels 400+ ppm Moly particulate size used within the oil is very important – (Large particulate size will plug oil filters.) Quality Nano-dimension Moly additives which are .1 micron (or less) and will pass through the smallest fibers of oil filters and remain suspended within the oil without fall out ...…………………………………… • Zinc & Phosphorous – anti- wear works as “buffer zone” between surface areas. • Normal / Street level 500 ppm • Heavy Duty / Race level 1300 ppm to 1500 ppm • Extreme Duty Race level 1500 – 3000 ppm Note: Higher Zinc / Phosphorous levels perform the following duties: Increased the “Buffer Zone” area between surface parts for increased anti-oxidation capabilities – which assists oil thermal & viscosity stability .
Engine Engine Oil Oil Anal Analysis ysis Basics Basics - Ad Additiv ditives es Reduce educe Oxida Oxidation tion = longer = longer fluid lif fluid life • Oxidation is “thermal decomposition” or simply “breakdown” from heat reducing oil life & performance. • The rate of oxidation becomes significant above 160 ° F (71 ° C). For every 18 ° F (10 ° c) temperature reduction, the rate of oxidation decreases and oil life doubles. • When heat is reduced, so is the oxidization breakdown process – which increases oil life. • Oil Oxidation – Quantity of oxidation performance in a used lubricant is a direct measure of the oil’s serviceability . Oxidation thickens the oil and forms harmful deposits which can corrode and hinder moving parts. Excessive levels of oxidization are normally found because of overheating, overworking or over extending oil drain interval(s). • Advancements in oil product design provides thermal stability through the synergy operations of better base oils for reduced internal molecule friction, with natural viscosity durability, including nano-dimensional moly or even nano diamond plating action, increased anti-wear level performance, with advanced anti-oxidation additives. • Friction and heat is greatly reduced.
Engine Engine Oil Oil Anal Analysis ysis Basics Basics – Ad Additiv ditives es Deter Detergenc gency y Additives: • Magnesium – dispersant/detergent “ability to hold & suspend dirt” • Calcium - dispersant/detergent “ability to hold & suspend contaminates” • Sodium - dispersant/detergent 500 ppm – 1000 ppm Lower : HD - Standard: 1100 ppm – 1500 ppm Extreme/Racing: 1600 ppm – 3000+ ppm Detergent additive quality and the amount used is equally important both in Heavy Duty, Diesel & Racing applications which are similar in creating carbon & contaminates from extreme duty uses etc. Greater detergency additive performance, increases ability to flush and hold in suspension contaminates within the oil, while allowing the oil to still perform it’s lubrication duties at the highest required level.
Engine Engine Oil Oil Anal Analysis ysis Basics Basics - Contamina Contaminate tes Contaminates Antifreeze – in lubricating oil, even a small amount of antifreeze may cause extreme engine sludge and possible failure (0.1-0.49%=Severe; 0.5% or greater = Extra Severe) Water – Any water present in most systems is abnormal The water test, when in conjunction with other related tests in indicative of condensation, a serious coolant leak, an outside source of contamination, or emulsification of the lubricant (0.1%-0.49% = Abnormal; 0.5%-0.99% or Greater = Extra Severe) Fuel Dilution – The amount of unburned fuel present in the lubricant. In excessive amounts fuel may reduce the lubricants effectiveness, accelerate wear and may result in engine failure. This test will indicate such problems as fuel line, injector, carburetor and pump leaks.
Engine Engine Oil Oil Anal Analysis ysis Basics Basics – Contamina Contaminates tes Silicon is (non metal particles) • Sand, dirt, dust or similar type of abrasive ingested into the system. • May also be indicative of an anti-foam additive. • Silicone particles from seal/gaskets or engine building materials. Silicon normal levels is 6 – 12%. Anything above 22 could effect anti-foam package. Note: Anti-foam level is a delicate balance ( more or less is not better) it is possible high dirt or “silicon” levels can throw anti -foam balance.
Oil Oil Anal Analysis ysis Basics Basics – Viscos iscosity ity Viscosity – This is the single most important property of a lubricating oil. It is the measure of the flow or an oil at a given temperature, ISO Viscosity Test is taken at 40C SAE Viscosity test is taken at 100C or about 210F. VISCOSITY @ 100c Engine oils. SAE Grade Range (CST) 5 3.80 10 4.10 20 5.60-9.29 30 9.30-12.49 40 12.50-16.29 21.90 – 26.09 50 Note: Synthetic oils over non-synthetic products has the ability to flow easier, maintain viscosity index longer, come temperature and disperse heat quicker. But Synthetics base oils do not replace the quality of other required additives for high standards of performance.
Engine Oil Analysis Basics – Viscosity
Reduce educe Friction riction - Incr Increase ease Ener Energy Basic Illustration of all elements working in “Synergy / Stability”. Through the “Advantages” of: • Better Base Oil (yellow) ( Pure Synthetic or Synthetic blend) (Lower internal oil friction & greater heat dissipation) • Moly or Diamond Plating (blue) (nano- dimensional protection Including the filling of sub – micro sized gaps) • Anti-Wear “ AW ” additive increase % (red) (metal surface “ buffer ” for friction reduction) Producing Thermal stability while reducing Oxidization and Increasing Viscosity Performance over the entire life of the oil.
Reduce educe Friction riction - Incr Increase ease Ener Energy Illustration of all elements working in “Synergy ” Friction decreased; both Just because the bottle says internally within the base oil racing or heavy duty oil, The Choice is simple – and externally between the does not mean that is All major elements & oil and contact surface contains the best of all the advantages working areas with moly or Diamond elements required. Without together nano-dimensional plate advanced additive packages action including “AW” and the engine suffers with other advanced additive metal to metal contact and packages. thermal breakdown
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