NUTRITION OF THE DEVELOPING EMBRYO & HATCHLING Edwin T. Moran, - - PDF document

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nutrition of the developing embryo amp hatchling

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24-9-2014 NUTRITION OF THE DEVELOPING EMBRYO & HATCHLING Edwin T. Moran, Jr. Poultry Science Department Auburn University AL 36849 GERM TO ESTABLISHED CHICK % OF TOTAL DEATHS Nutritional Transitions 7 14 3-DAYS HATCH

SLIDE 1

24-9-2014 1

NUTRITION OF THE DEVELOPING EMBRYO & HATCHLING

Edwin T. Moran, Jr. Poultry Science Department Auburn University AL 36849

% OF TOTAL DEATHS DAYS FROM SETTING

GERM TO “ESTABLISHED” CHICK “Nutritional” Transitions

7 14 PIP

HATCH 3-DAYS

SLIDE 2

24-9-2014 2 CHORION ALLANTOIS CHORIOALLANTOIS ALBUMEN 5 DAYS 8 DAYS

GERM & TRANSITION TO OXYGEN

YOLK “CANDLE”

Chick Incub. Days Albumen Glucose Lactic Acid mg Tot. % DM mg Tot. % DM 1 133 3.2 1.6 0.04 3 114 2.8 8.5 0.20 5 79 2.0 11.2 0.29 7 42 1.1 7.0 0.19 9 17 0.5 3.4 0.09

ANEROBIC AEROBIC RESPIRATION

Romanoff & Romanoff, 1967

SLIDE 3

24-9-2014 3

0-Day Saggital MRI Day 3

Yolk Thin Albumen

Outer (Glucose) Inner

Chalaza Allantoic Cavity

AIR Cell

EGG STRUCTURE & EARLY INCUBATION

Falen et al., 1981 Romanoff & Romanoff, 1949

Thick

GERM

ALBUMEN

GERM TO “COMPLETE” EMBRYO

7 - DAYS 14 - DAYS

SLIDE 4

24-9-2014 4

14 – DAY CHICK EMBRYO

ALBUMEN SAC AMNIONIC SAC Sero-Amnionic Connection~Break YOLK SAC Mix ALBUMEN-AMNION “Consumption” 14 - DAYS INTERNAL PIP

CHICK EMBRYO INTESTINAL VILLUS

Crypt of Lieberkűhn Embryonic Enterocytes MACROMOLECULAR ABSORPTION

GROWTH “New” Enterocytes Digestive-Absorptive Competence

SLIDE 5

24-9-2014 5

Incub Day Blood mg /100 ml mg / 100gm Liver Muscle 14 171 625 94 16 202 1648 217 18 228 2890 359

CHICK EMBRYO GLUCOSE

Romanoff & Romanoff, 1967

14 DAY EMBRYO YOLK SAC CONTENTS

ORIGINAL YOLK VLDL’s Phosvitin- Lipovitellin INTESTINAL ENTRANTS Residual Albumen+ Pancreatic Enzymes

MIXTURE

SLIDE 6

24-9-2014 6

YOLK SAC ABSORPTIVE VILLUS

Sac Appearance Villus Schematic Villus Microscopic Blood Vessel Core

Holdsworth & Wilson, 1967

YOLK SAC VLDL RECOVERY & DEPOSITION 14 Days to Internal Pipping

Villus Surface

VLDL Endocytosis Embryo Triglycerides Depots Cholesterol Liver

SLIDE 7

24-9-2014 7

CHICK EMBRYONIC SKELETON

15- DAYS INTERNAL PIP

CHORIOALLANTOIS & SHELL CALCIUM CO2 Ca++

Mammary Knob

Dissolution

INCUBATION LOSS

PALLISADE LAYER

Doskoch et al., 1985

Vit-K--CaBP

MEMBRANES

“KNOB” VOID

SLIDE 8

24-9-2014 8

OVUM WALL & YOLK FORMATION

Hepatic-to-Ovary Vascular Transfer

VITELOGENIN PHOSVITIN + LIPOVITELIN VLDL Suspension

GRANULOSA LAYER

YOLK SPHERE TRANSITIONS

AT SETTING APEARANCE +14 DAYS ACCRUED TO PIPPING

Granule Clusters Lamina Layers Calcium Phosphate Covering

Cheville & Coignuol, 1984

PHOSVITIN+ LIPOVITELIN

PO4

CaPO4

Ca Shell

SLIDE 9

24-9-2014 9

YOLK SAC CALCIFIED SPHERES ACCRUAL 14 DAY TO PIPPING

Contents Lumen

WALL & VILLI [Von Kossa H&E – Calcium] APPEARANCE

Vit D-CaBP

Ca++

Cheville & Coignuol, 1984

Blood LUMEN

EMERGENCE & RESPIRATORY TRANSITION

RELATIVE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION

CHORIOALLANTOIS

EXTREME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

SLIDE 10

24-9-2014 10

EMBRYONIC EMERGENCE

ROTATION THRUST “HATCHING” MUSCLE

Z-Line

MICRO-SECTION

Glycogen

John et al.,1987 Fazekas et al., 1985 Romanoff & Romanoff, 1949

mg / 100 ml DAYS AFTER SETTING

CHICK EMBRYO BLOOD GLUCOSE

H A T C H Internal Pip Consume Albumen-Amnion ESTABLISHED CHICK

0.25+

SLIDE 11

24-9-2014 11

AIR CELL- SHELL @ PIPPING

CHORIOALLANTOIS MAMMARY KNOB “VOID”

A I R

Membrane Inner Outer Egg Tooth

BEAK TIP

Bartels & Meyer, 1993

POST-PIP CALCIFICATION & YOLK SAC SPHERES LUMEN Ca++ Spheres

WALL VILLI EMERGENCE & POSTURE

Cheville & Coignuol, 1984

SLIDE 12

24-9-2014 12

POULT “FLIP” @ PLACEMENT

BREEDER FEED % Total P

(Triuwanta et al., 1992)

At Hatch

TURKEY YOLK SAC & POST-HATCH DEATH

Yolk Sac g Wt % Poult Loss

DAYS -

“Starveouts” Albumen Sac Rupture Hatch

SLIDE 13

24-9-2014 13

CHICK FAT DEPOTS

LOCATIONS AT HATCH

CHICK- DEPOT & LIVER LIPIDS

CHOLESTEROL MEMBRANE GROWTH FATTY ACIDS ATP + HEAT + WATER

[Glucose]

SLIDE 14

24-9-2014 14

PIP

POST-HATCH

INTESTINAL ENTEROCYTE TRANSITION

Embryonic Immature Embryonic-Competent Mosaic

Developing

DIGESTIVE-ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY

DAYS -

JEJUNUM

Grams Wt Units / g Wet Wt MALTASE

EMBRYONIC DIGESTIVE TRANSITION

SLIDE 15

24-9-2014 15

Days Activity Central Nutrient 0-7 Establish Germ CHO & O2 7-14 Body Completion FA Oxidation 14-19 Emergence Prep’n CHO-Fat-CaP 19-21 Establish Lungs O2-CHO-CaP 21-24 Reserves Feed Fat(CHO)-H2O

NUTRITION OF THE DEVELOPING EMBRYO & HATCHLING

Edwin T. Moran, Jr. Poultry Science Department Auburn University AL 36849

% OF TOTAL DEATHS DAYS FROM SETTING

GERM TO “ESTABLISHED” CHICK “Nutritional” Transitions

7 14 PIP

GERM & TRANSITION TO OXYGEN

Chick Incub. Days Albumen Glucose Lactic Acid mg Tot. % DM mg Tot. % DM 1 133 3.2 1.6 0.04 3 114 2.8 8.5 0.20 5 79 2.0 11.2 0.29 7 42 1.1 7.0 0.19 9 17 0.5 3.4 0.09

ANEROBIC AEROBIC RESPIRATION

0-Day Saggital MRI Day 3

Yolk Thin Albumen

Chalaza Allantoic Cavity

EGG STRUCTURE & EARLY INCUBATION

GERM TO “COMPLETE” EMBRYO

7 - DAYS 14 - DAYS

14 – DAY CHICK EMBRYO

ALBUMEN SAC AMNIONIC SAC Sero-Amnionic Connection~Break YOLK SAC Mix ALBUMEN-AMNION “Consumption” 14 - DAYS INTERNAL PIP

CHICK EMBRYO INTESTINAL VILLUS

Incub Day Blood mg /100 ml mg / 100gm Liver Muscle 14 171 625 94 16 202 1648 217 18 228 2890 359

CHICK EMBRYO GLUCOSE

14 DAY EMBRYO YOLK SAC CONTENTS

ORIGINAL YOLK VLDL’s Phosvitin- Lipovitellin INTESTINAL ENTRANTS Residual Albumen+ Pancreatic Enzymes

MIXTURE

YOLK SAC ABSORPTIVE VILLUS

Sac Appearance Villus Schematic Villus Microscopic Blood Vessel Core

YOLK SAC VLDL RECOVERY & DEPOSITION 14 Days to Internal Pipping

Villus Surface

CHICK EMBRYONIC SKELETON

15- DAYS INTERNAL PIP

CHORIOALLANTOIS & SHELL CALCIUM CO2 Ca++

Mammary Knob

INCUBATION LOSS

OVUM WALL & YOLK FORMATION

YOLK SPHERE TRANSITIONS

YOLK SAC CALCIFIED SPHERES ACCRUAL 14 DAY TO PIPPING

WALL & VILLI [Von Kossa H&E – Calcium] APPEARANCE

Ca++

EMERGENCE & RESPIRATORY TRANSITION

EMBRYONIC EMERGENCE

ROTATION THRUST “HATCHING” MUSCLE

MICRO-SECTION

mg / 100 ml DAYS AFTER SETTING

CHICK EMBRYO BLOOD GLUCOSE

AIR CELL- SHELL @ PIPPING

CHORIOALLANTOIS MAMMARY KNOB “VOID”

BEAK TIP

POST-PIP CALCIFICATION & YOLK SAC SPHERES LUMEN Ca++ Spheres

POULT “FLIP” @ PLACEMENT

BREEDER FEED % Total P

TURKEY YOLK SAC & POST-HATCH DEATH

Yolk Sac g Wt % Poult Loss

CHICK FAT DEPOTS

LOCATIONS AT HATCH

CHICK- DEPOT & LIVER LIPIDS

CHOLESTEROL MEMBRANE GROWTH FATTY ACIDS ATP + HEAT + WATER

PIP

POST-HATCH

INTESTINAL ENTEROCYTE TRANSITION

Embryonic Immature Embryonic-Competent Mosaic

DIGESTIVE-ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY

JEJUNUM

EMBRYONIC DIGESTIVE TRANSITION

Days Activity Central Nutrient 0-7 Establish Germ CHO & O2 7-14 Body Completion FA Oxidation 14-19 Emergence Prep’n CHO-Fat-CaP 19-21 Establish Lungs O2-CHO-CaP 21-24 Reserves Feed Fat(CHO)-H2O

NUTRITIONAL FOCUS OF EMBRYO