[PPT] - Numerical Simulation of the the the Numerical Simulation of the PowerPoint Presentation

SLIDE 1

Numerical Simulation of the Numerical Simulation of the the the Bering Sea Water Propagation to Bering Sea Water Propagation to the Arctic the Arctic-

North Atlantic System

North Atlantic System

Victor Victor Kuzin Kuzin, , Elena Elena Golubeva Golubeva, Gennady , Gennady Platov Platov

Institute of Computational Mathematics & Mathematical Geophysics Institute of Computational Mathematics & Mathematical Geophysics Siberian Siberian Division Russian Academy of Sciences Division Russian Academy of Sciences ENVIROMIS ENVIROMIS-

2008

2008

SLIDE 2

Objectives Objectives

The priority of the climatic investigation in the Arctic was

The priority of the climatic investigation in the Arctic was concentrated on the climatic problems, because Arctic plays the concentrated on the climatic problems, because Arctic plays the key role in the Earth key role in the Earth’ ’s climate ( s climate (J.Fletcher J.Fletcher, 1970) , 1970)

The freshwater exchange between the polar and the

The freshwater exchange between the polar and the subpolar subpolar

ceans is the main mechanism of the
ceans is the main mechanism of the thermohaline

thermohaline circulation of circulation of the World ocean and the global hydrological cycle the World ocean and the global hydrological cycle

The Arctic ocean accounts about 5 per sent of the World ocean

The Arctic ocean accounts about 5 per sent of the World ocean area and 1.5 per sent of the volume, but it transports about 10 area and 1.5 per sent of the volume, but it transports about 10 per per sent of the total freshwater in the World ( sent of the total freshwater in the World (Ivanov Ivanov, 1979) , 1979)

The Bering throw flow (freshwater flux 1680 km3/yr by

The Bering throw flow (freshwater flux 1680 km3/yr by Aagaard Aagaard and and Carmack Carmack, 1989) gives about 1/3 of total fresh water , 1989) gives about 1/3 of total fresh water inflow and play an important role not only in the regional sense inflow and play an important role not only in the regional sense for the Chukchi Sea and Arctic Ocean, but globally in the World for the Chukchi Sea and Arctic Ocean, but globally in the World Ocean water formation and global water cycle Ocean water formation and global water cycle This work was made in the range of the This work was made in the range of the RFBR grant 05 RFBR grant 05-

05

05-

64990, 08

64990, 08-

05

05-

00708 and AOMIP Project.

00708 and AOMIP Project.

SLIDE 3

General features of the ICM&MG model are as General features of the ICM&MG model are as follows: follows:

Mathematical model is based on the complete

Mathematical model is based on the complete “ “primitive primitive” ” nonlinear equations of the thermo nonlinear equations of the thermo-

hydrodynamics of the

hydrodynamics of the

cean;
cean;
Temperature and salinity distributions are calculated;

Temperature and salinity distributions are calculated;

The model have a possibility to include the calculation of

The model have a possibility to include the calculation of the tracers and the pollutants; the tracers and the pollutants;

The interaction with the atmosphere is realized via the

The interaction with the atmosphere is realized via the upper mixed layer with the model of the ice formation and upper mixed layer with the model of the ice formation and drift (elastic drift (elastic-

viscous

viscous-

plastic version);

plastic version);

The model is based on a combination of the finite element

The model is based on a combination of the finite element and splitting methods; and splitting methods;

The horizontal triangulated quasi

The horizontal triangulated quasi-

regular B

regular B-

grid is used;

grid is used;

The model has 33 the vertical z

The model has 33 the vertical z-

coordinate levels.

coordinate levels.

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Combined grid for the Arctic Combined grid for the Arctic-

North Atlantic ocean system:

North Atlantic ocean system: The spherical coordinates in the North Atlantic (res. 1 deg.) The spherical coordinates in the North Atlantic (res. 1 deg.) The re The re-

projective grid in the Arctic basin (res. 35

projective grid in the Arctic basin (res. 35 – – 50 km) 50 km)

SLIDE 5

Data sources Data sources

Reanalysis NCEP/NCAR data for the Arctic region

Reanalysis NCEP/NCAR data for the Arctic region

The data of

The data of Trenberth Trenberth et al. for the North Atlantic et al. for the North Atlantic

Averaged Siberian river runoff from the measurements

Averaged Siberian river runoff from the measurements 1936 1936-

1990

1990

Steady state inflow through the Bering strait from

Steady state inflow through the Bering strait from climatic data climatic data

SLIDE 6

a) Wind a) Wind-

stress averaged for the period

stress averaged for the period 1948 1948 – – 2002 2002 (left). (left). b b) ) The third EOF mode (right). The third EOF mode (right). The value of the wind The value of the wind-

stress in N/m

stress in N/m2

2 is presented in the cones.

is presented in the cones. The color represents the module of the wind. The color represents the module of the wind. The warmer color consequences to the higher values. The warmer color consequences to the higher values.

sea ice model output for cice Wind mode 0 0.015 sea ice model output for cice Wind mode 3 0.01

SLIDE 7

Ice formation in the model Ice formation in the model

The upper panels: The upper panels:

Averaged field of the

Averaged field of the ice compacting ice compacting (in parts from 0 to 1 (in parts from 0 to 1 from the area of the from the area of the surface, left) surface, left)

The monthly position

The monthly position

f the ice boundary for
f the ice boundary for

the period 1948 the period 1948– –1960 1960 (right) (right)

The low panels: The low panels:

The intensity of the ice

The intensity of the ice formation formation ( (sm sm/ /day, left day, left) )

Freshwater flux to the

Freshwater flux to the upper layer of the ocean upper layer of the ocean ( right) ( right)

. 1

0.01

. 1 0.1 .1 . 1

. 1 0.1 .1

. 2 0.2 . 2 . 3 0.3 freezing . 5 .5 . 5 .5 1

1

1 1.5 1 . 5 1.5 2 2.5 2 . 5

3 3.5

4 5.5

6 .5

fresh water flux

SLIDE 8

Velocity field at the depth 250 m (left), 500 m (right). Velocity field at the depth 250 m (left), 500 m (right). Arrows denote the the velocity Arrows denote the the velocity 1 1 sm sm/ /s s. . The color consequences to the module of the velocity. The color consequences to the module of the velocity. More warm color corresponds to the higher velocity. More warm color corresponds to the higher velocity.

SLIDE 9

Shift of the boundary between the Pacific and Atlantic waters Shift of the boundary between the Pacific and Atlantic waters at the depth 50 m in the model: at the depth 50 m in the model:

(a) – 1970, (b) – 1990. The rounds indicate the zones

f the contacts of the Pacific

(blue arrow) and Atlantic (red arrows) waters

SLIDE 10

The velocity fields The velocity fields at the depth 100 m. at the depth 100 m. Blue arrows Blue arrows indicate the Pacific indicate the Pacific water water Red arrows Red arrows indicate the indicate the Atlantic water The Atlantic water The shift of the shift of the boundary between boundary between Pacific and the Pacific and the Atlantic waters Atlantic waters

btained in the
btained in the

model for these model for these periods is in periods is in agreement with the agreement with the EWG EWG data data [ [Swift et al Swift et al., 2007] ., 2007]

SLIDE 11

Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean water spreading water spreading after 5, 10 , 15 after 5, 10 , 15 and 30 years and 30 years after beginning after beginning

f the emission
f the emission

(1966) (1966)

SLIDE 12

Pacific water on the cross Pacific water on the cross-

section

section alone the solid line after 1, 2, 5 alone the solid line after 1, 2, 5 and 10 years of emission and 10 years of emission (February (February-

left, August

left, August – – right) right)

SLIDE 13

The vertical cross The vertical cross-

section of the concentration of the Pacific water

section of the concentration of the Pacific water through the latitude 30 N (the West is in the right) 15, 20,25,3 through the latitude 30 N (the West is in the right) 15, 20,25,30 years 0 years

SLIDE 14

Transport of the freshwater after 37 years Transport of the freshwater after 37 years

f the emission beginning (1966)
f the emission beginning (1966) :

:

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1

Ob Tracer (cu) z=0m 2002

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Yenisey Tracer (cu) z=0m 2002

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5 Pacific Tracer (cu) z=0m 2002

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X, km depth, m Tracer (cu) j=51 t=0 days 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Pacific water from Pacific water from Bering strait Bering strait

(upper left); (upper left);

Enisey Enisey river water river water

(upper right); (upper right);

Ob river water Ob river water

(low left); (low left);

The vertical cross The vertical cross-

section of the

section of the concentration of the concentration of the Ob river freshwater Ob river freshwater through the latitude through the latitude 30 N 30 N (low right)

(low right) (the West is in the right) (the West is in the right)

SLIDE 15

The Pacific water distribution the The Pacific water distribution the depth 500 m in the North Atlantic depth 500 m in the North Atlantic after 37 years of the emission. The after 37 years of the emission. The arrays denote the velocity field. arrays denote the velocity field. (The scale 2 cm/s is presented in the (The scale 2 cm/s is presented in the corner) corner) The cross The cross-

section of the

section of the Pacific water along the line Pacific water along the line marked in the left picture as marked in the left picture as the solid line the solid line

SLIDE 16

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1 . 5

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Ob transport z=500m 2002 (+37) 3

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1

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km depth, m 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

The Ob river freshwater distribution the depth 500 m in the Nor The Ob river freshwater distribution the depth 500 m in the North th Atlantic after 37 years of the emission. The arrays denote the v Atlantic after 37 years of the emission. The arrays denote the velocity elocity

field. (The scale 3
field. (The scale 3 sm/c

sm/c is presented in the corner is presented in the corner) ) The cross The cross-

section of the Ob river

section of the Ob river freshwater along the line marked freshwater along the line marked in the left picture as the solid line in the left picture as the solid line

SLIDE 17

The Pacific water distribution the The Pacific water distribution the depth 3000 m in the North Atlantic depth 3000 m in the North Atlantic after 20 and 37 years of the emission. after 20 and 37 years of the emission. The arrays denote the velocity field. The arrays denote the velocity field. The cross The cross-

section of the

section of the Pacific water along the Pacific water along the Mid Mid-

Atlantic ridge

Atlantic ridge

SLIDE 18

1

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3

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km depth, m 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

The cross The cross-

section of the Ob

section of the Ob river freshwater along the line river freshwater along the line marked in the picture as the marked in the picture as the solid line The Ob river water distribution the depth 3000 m in the North A The Ob river water distribution the depth 3000 m in the North Atlantic tlantic after 37 years of the emission. The arrays denote the velocity f after 37 years of the emission. The arrays denote the velocity field. ield. (The scale 3 cm/s is presented in the corner (The scale 3 cm/s is presented in the corner) )

1
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Ob transport z=3000m 2002 (+37yr) 3

SLIDE 19

Conclusion Conclusion

The freshwater exchange between the polar and the

The freshwater exchange between the polar and the subpolar subpolar oceans is the main mechanism of the

ceans is the main mechanism of the thermohaline

thermohaline circulation of the World ocean and the global hydrological circulation of the World ocean and the global hydrological cycle cycle

The Bering strait throw flow play an important role not

The Bering strait throw flow play an important role not

nly in the regional sense for the Chukchi Sea and Arctic
nly in the regional sense for the Chukchi Sea and Arctic

Ocean, but globally in the World Ocean, but globally in the World Ocean water Ocean water formation formation The Pacific water coming to the North Atlantic moves down The Pacific water coming to the North Atlantic moves down by the convection processes and follows to the South along by the convection processes and follows to the South along the Mid the Mid-

Atlantic Ridge and continental slope

Atlantic Ridge and continental slope

The comparison of the water spreading from the Bering

The comparison of the water spreading from the Bering strait and the Siberian rivers have some common features, strait and the Siberian rivers have some common features, but there exist some differences in the water masses but there exist some differences in the water masses distribution as well as in Arctic as in North Atlantic distribution as well as in Arctic as in North Atlantic