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Optimal Nutritional composition of calf milk replacers in accelerated growth programs
www.nukamel.com Optimal Nutritional composition of calf milk - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
www.nukamel.com Optimal Nutritional composition of calf milk - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
www.nukamel.com Optimal Nutritional composition of calf milk replacers in accelerated growth programs www.nukamel.com 1954 Nukamel is the first company ever to develop a milk replacer for veal calves In these days; 5 trends driving precision
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Nukamel is the first company ever to develop a milk replacer for veal calves
1954
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5 trends driving precision livestock farming In these days;
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5
- 20000
20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000
- 20
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Producer numbers Herd size
Bubble size equals milk solids per farm
UK Netherlands Denmark Austra France Germany Finland Spain Ireland Italy
Consolidation of farms in Europe (2002/03 v 2012/13)
Source: Eurostat
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Weaning Monogastric Ruminant maternal growth Feeding the dam Under feeding of the dam give birth to smaller calves, les muscle deposition Birth Colostrum
- Immunity
- Growth factors
- Hormones
- nutrients
Milk / CMR / Starter intake Concentrate + roughage
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How to optimize calf rearing?
Optimize calf development Management Colostrum Feeding Hygiene
Set a goal
Growth Health
How to reach this goal?
Colostrum management Type of milk replacer Feeding schedule Calf starter Disease management
Monitoring goals
Check blood serum protein Weigh calves Log disease data Measure concentrate intake
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Requirements
Protein Energy
Building blocks Lean tissue growth Maintanance Fuel to build Protein level
- Amino Acids
Protein Source
- Digestability
- Qaulity
Energy level
- Fat (FA)
- Lactose
Fat source
- Digestability
- Qaulity
Vitamins, minerals, additives
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93,1 91,9
LH HH
Weight (day 56)
0,851 0,830
LH HH
ADG (day 0-56)
0,558 0,543
LH HH
Gain to Feed (day 0-56)
Digestibility and Quality of Raw materials Low heat vs. High heat milk powder Weight, ADG, Gain to feed of 0-56 days
Data corrected for weight at day 0, and concentrate feed intake Nukamel research
a a a b b b
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91,39 89,90 P/C = 20/80 P/C = 80/20
Digestibility and Quality of Raw materials Fat source: palm vs. coconut oil
Weight day 56 (kg)
Data corrected for weight at day 0 Nukamel research
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+ 9,0% + 13,0% + 16,4% CP20 CP24 CP26 Growth day 56 – Relative to 16% crude protein
Effect of protein level on calf performance
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91,8 91,8 92,6 93,9 CP16 CP20 CP24 CP26 Calf hip height day 56 (cm)
a a b
Effect of protein level on calf performance
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Fokamel plus (21/17) vs Nukamel Yellow (24/20)
Effect of Nutrient level on calf performance
Difference in weight by age in days, comparison of conventional and high nutrient CMR, in a conventional feeding schedule
Calculated with the use of the NRC programm (Adapted from NRC, 2001)
Nukamel Yellow Fokkamel Plus
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Requirements
Protein Energy
Building blocks Lean tissue growth Maintanance Fuel to build Protein level
- Amino Acids
Protein Source
- Digestability
- Qaulity
Energy level
- Fat (FA)
- Lactose
Fat source
- Digestability
- Qaulity
Vitamins, minerals, additives
Growth Goal => DMI => Balance in protein and energy availability
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Dry matter intake and protein needs at different levels of ADG
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Energy and nutrient intake determining calf growth
Feeding schedule – restricted vs. accelerated growth feeding
Nukamel Yellow Conventional Fokkamel Plus Conventional Nukamel Yellow Accelerated Fokkamel Plus Accelerated
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Dry mattter and nutrient intake determining calf growth
Feeding schedule – restricted vs. accelerated growth feeding
Age Day 1 Age L/Feeding Feedings/day Day 2-7 2 2 week 2 2 2 Week 3 2,5 2 week 4 3 2 Week 5 3 2 Week 6 3 2 Week 7 3 2 Week 8 2,5 2 Week 9 2 2 Week 10 1,5 2 CONVENTIONAL FEEDING SCHEDULE Colostrum 4L within 4h after birth second feeding after 12 h >2,5L
Age Day 1 Age L/Feeding Feedings/day Day 2-7 3 2 week 2 4 2 Week 3 4 2 week 4 4 2 Week 5 4 2 Week 6 3,5 2 Week 7 3 2 Week 8 2 2 Week 9 1 2 ACCELERATED GROWTH FEEDING SCHEDULE Colostrum 4L within 4h after birth second feeding after 12 h >2,5L
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Transition from milk to solid feed
- Higher levels of milk intake suppress early concentrate feed intake
- Starter intakes increases if milk is reduced or withdrawn
- Gradual weaning more important with increased levels of milk feeding
- Use step down milk feeding schedules
- Avoid weaning dip
- Amount of solid feed intake on moment of weaning depended on
growth rate before weaning
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Weaning at: 8 weeks ( ) of age 10 weeks ( ) of age 12 weeks ( ) of age
- J. Meale et all 2015
Transition from milk to solid feed
Effect of weaning on different moments on starter intake
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Take home message
Calf rearing is of high importance for future performance of your herd
- Accelerated feeding programs leads towards;
- Increased health and development
- Higher growth rates
- Decreased time to breeding
- Higher milk production
- Manage calf rearing from the goals you want to reach:
- Feeding schedule
- Type of calf milk replacer
- Type of starter feed
- Transition to starter feed
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