Slide 1 / 57 Nuclear Physics & Nuclear Reactions Practice Problems Slide 2 / 57 Multiple Choice Slide 3 / 57 1 The atomic nucleus consists of: Electrons A Protons B Protons and electrons C Protons and neutrons D Neutrons and electrons E
Slide 4 / 57 2 The atomic mass number represents the following: The total number of electrons in the atom A The total number of protons in the atom B The total number of protons and neutrons in the C atom The total number of neutrons in the atom D The total number of electrons and protons in the E atom Slide 5 / 57 3 The atomic number represents the following: The number of protons in the atom A The number of neutrons in the atom B The total number of protons and neutrons in the C atom The total number of electrons and neutrons in D the atom The total number of protons and electrons in the E atom Slide 6 / 57 4 The isotope of carbon consists of: Protons Neutrons (A) 6 6 (B) 6 7 (C) 6 8 (D) 6 14 (E) 6 12
Slide 7 / 57 5 The isotope of uranium consists of: Protons Neutrons (A) 92 143 (B) 92 146 (C) 92 144 (D) 92 145 (E) 92 238 Slide 8 / 57 6 When an electron is emitted by an unstable nucleus the atomic mass number is: Increased by 1 A B Increased by 2 Decreased by 1 C Decreased by 2 D Doesn’t change E Slide 9 / 57 7 When a positron is emitted by an unstable nucleus the atomic mass number is: Increased by 1 A Increased by 2 B Decreased by 1 C Decreased by 2 D E Doesn’t change
Slide 10 / 57 8 When an α- particle is emitted by an unstable nucleus the atomic mass number is: Increased by 1 A Increased by 2 B Decreased by 1 C D Decreased by 2 Doesn’t change E Slide 11 / 57 9 When free protons and neutrons join to form a nucleus the energy is: Absorb A B Destroyed Created C Stays the same D Released E Slide 12 / 57 10 Which of the following statements about the mass of separated nucleons and the mass of the nucleus they form is correct: The mass of separated nucleons is greater than A the nucleus mass The mass of separated nucleons is less that the B nucleus mass The mass of separated nucleons is equal to the C nucleus mass The mass of separated nucleons is greater than D the nucleus mass only for light nuclei The mass of separated nucleons is greater than E the nucleus mass only for heavy nuclei
Slide 13 / 57 11 Which of the following is the defect mass of a nucleus? (M – nucleus’s mass, mp – proton’s mass, mn – neutron’s mass) A Δm = Nm n + Zm p + M B Δm = Nm n - Zm p – M Δm = Nm n - Zm p – M C Δm = Nm n + Zm p – M D Δm = M - Nm n + Zm p E Slide 14 / 57 12 Which of the following is the binding energy? E = hf A E = mgh B E = 1/2mv 2 C E = qV D E = Δmc 2 E Slide 15 / 57 13 Which of the following is the correct product of the α – decay: ? A B C D E
Slide 16 / 57 14 Which of the following is the correct product of the β-–decay: ? A B C D E Slide 17 / 57 Slide 18 / 57 16 Which of the following statements is not TRUE about α- radiation? It is produced by unstable nuclei A It can penetrate a piece of paper B It can ionize gasses C It can be deflected by a magnetic field D E It is a short wavelength electromagnetic photon
Slide 19 / 57 17 Which of the following statements is not TRUE about γ-radiation It is produced by unstable nuclei A It can penetrate several centimeters of lead B It can ionize gasses C D It can be deflected by a magnetic field It is a short wavelength electromagnetic photon E Slide 20 / 57 18 If the half-life time of a radioactive material is 2 days, how much of the material will be left after 6 days? 1/2 A B 1/4 C 1/6 D 1/8 1/16 E Slide 21 / 57 19 In an experiment with a radioactive material a physics student conducted two measurements. Initially, it was measured 120 g of the material and after a certain time the amount of the radioactive material was reduced to 7.5 g. If the half-life time of the material is 20 min, what is the elapsed time between the two measurements? 20 min A 40 min B C 60 min 80 min D 100 min E
Slide 22 / 57 20 The nuclear reaction occurs spontaneously. If M x , M Y , and M Z are the masses of the three particles, which of the following relation ships is true? M x < M y - M z A B M x < M y + M z M x > M y + M z C D M x - M y < M z M x - M z < M y E Slide 23 / 57 21 The half-life of is 24 days. If 8 kilogram of this isotope is present initially, what amount remains after 72 days? A 2 kg B 1 kg 5 kg C 4 kg D 0.5 kg E Slide 24 / 57 22 Cobalt 60 is a radioactive source with a half-life of about 5 years. After how many years will the activity of a new sample of cobalt 60 be decreased to 1/8 its original value? 2.5 years A B 5 years 10 years C 15 years D E 25 years
Slide 25 / 57 23 A free proton (m p = 1.007825 U) captures a neutron (m n = 1.008665 U) and forms a deuterium (m d = 2.014102 U). Which of the following is true about the mass of deuterium? Less than 1.007825 U + 1.008662 U A B Greater than 1.007825 U + 1.008662 U Less than 1.007825 U - 1.008662 U C Less than 1.007825 U + 1.008662 U – 2.014102 U D It is equal to 1.007825 U + 1.008662 U E Slide 26 / 57 24 When the nuclear reaction takes place, which of the following true about the reaction? I. The energy is conserved II. The electric charge is conserved III. The mass is conserved IV. The number of nucleons is conserved. A I and II only B I, II, and III only III only C I, II and IV only D IV only E Slide 27 / 57
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Slide 31 / 57 Slide 32 / 57 Slide 33 / 57 Free-Response
Slide 34 / 57 1. Consider the following nuclear fusion reaction that uses deuterium and tritium as fuel. A. Complete the reaction equation. What is the name of the new particle released during the reaction? B. Determine the mass defect of a single reaction, given the following information. C. Determine the energy in joules released during a single fusion reaction. D. The United States requires about 1020 J per year to meet its energy needs. How many single reactions would be necessary to provide this magnitude of energy? Slide 35 / 57 1. Consider the following nuclear fusion reaction that uses deuterium and tritium as fuel. A. Complete the reaction equation. What is the name of the new particle released during the reaction? Slide 36 / 57 1. Consider the following nuclear fusion reaction that uses deuterium and tritium as fuel. B. Determine the mass defect of a single reaction, given the following information.
Slide 37 / 57 1. Consider the following nuclear fusion reaction that uses deuterium and tritium as fuel. C. Determine the energy in joules released during a single fusion reaction. Slide 38 / 57 1. Consider the following nuclear fusion reaction that uses deuterium and tritium as fuel. D. The United States requires about 1020 J per year to meet its energy needs. How many single reactions would be necessary to provide this magnitude of energy? Slide 39 / 57 1. Consider the following nuclear fusion reaction that uses deuterium and tritium as fuel. A. Complete the reaction equation. What is the name of the new particle released during the reaction? B. Determine the mass defect of a single reaction, given the following information. C. Determine the energy in joules released during a single fusion reaction. D. The United States requires about 1020 J per year to meet its energy needs. How many single reactions would be necessary to provide this magnitude of energy?
Slide 40 / 57 2. Two radioactive isotopes are placed in a metal container, which is then sealed. The graph represents the number of remaining radioactive nuclei n 1 and n 2 as a function of time. A. From the graph, determine the half- life of isotope 1 and the half-life of isotope 2. B. At time t = 5 years, which isotope is decaying at the greater rate? Explain your reasoning. C. What type of radiation (alpha, beta, or gamma) would be most likely to escape through the container walls? D. What characteristics of the type of radiation named in part (c) distinguish it from the other two? E. After many years, when the container is removed, it is found to contain helium gas, and the total mass of the contents is found to have decreased. Explain each of these two observations. Slide 41 / 57 2. Two radioactive isotopes are placed in a metal container, which is then sealed. The graph represents the number of remaining radioactive nuclei n 1 and n 2 as a function of time. A. From the graph, determine the half- life of isotope 1 and the half-life of isotope 2. Slide 42 / 57 2. Two radioactive isotopes are placed in a metal container, which is then sealed. The graph represents the number of remaining radioactive nuclei n 1 and n 2 as a function of time. B. At time t = 5 years, which isotope is decaying at the greater rate? Explain your reasoning.
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