Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) 20 th March 2020 Dr Solome - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Infectious Diseases Institute

College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda Investing In The Future – Impacting Real Lives

Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19)

20th March 2020 Dr Solome Okware

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• Background
• Current situation
• Clinical presentation
• Prevention measures
• Question and answer

Outline

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• 31 December, China notified World

Health Organization of an outbreak

• f respiratory disease of unknown
• rigin
• First cases reported connected to a

seafood and animal market in Wuhan, China.

• On 7th January 2020, Chinese

government identified the novel corona virus

• 30th January 2020, The World

Health Organization (WHO), declared the current 2019-nCoV

• utbreak as a Public Health

Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

• March 2020 – Pandemic

Background

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Current situation

https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/

Total countries affected: 176 Total cases: 191,000 Total deaths: 7807

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• Corona viruses are a large family
• Cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe

respiratory diseases among humans.

• 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) is a new virus that has

not been previously identified in humans.

• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV), 2002 and

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV), 2012

• Coronaviruses are primarily diseases of animals

(zoonotic),once humans are infected, Person-to-person transmission.

Introduction

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• Human-to-human

transmission can occur through droplets or contact.

• Incubation period: 2- 14 days
• Average age affected: 59

years(range 15-89 years) (Children 2.4% of all cases)

Transmission

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• Ro: each individual with Corona can infect up to 2-3 new

cases

Transmission

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Signs and symptoms

WHO

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Case definitions for surveillance

• The case definitions are based on the current information

available and will be revised as new information accumulates. The case definition is used to identify 3 types of cases

• Suspect case : Symptoms + Link to cases
• Probable case
• Confirmed case (laboratory confirmation)

Case definition

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• Samples;
• Collected from the nose or back of the throat
• Diagnosis is by use of PCR

Diagnostics

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Infection Prevention and Control

Management strategy: Control at source

Detect: Early detection Prevent: Interrupt transmission Respond: Aggressive supportive care

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• Is a discipline that aims to prevent or control the spread of

infections in healthcare facilities and the community

• Goals of IPC

Infection prevention and control (IPC)

Protect yourself Protect your community Protect your patients

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• 1. Ensure triage, early recognition and source

control

• 2. Apply standard precautions
• 3. Implement droplet precaution
• 4. Administration controls

Principles of Infection Prevention and control associated with COVID-19

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• Triage: process of sorting according to

severity and presenting symptoms

• Have a high index of clinical suspicion using

case definition

• Establish well-equipped triage station at

entrance of facility

• Recognise ill person and immediately isolate

in designated area (source control)

Triage, early recognition and source control

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• Hand hygiene
• Respiratory hygiene
• Appropriate personal protective equipment
• Safe waste management
• Decontamination

Apply standard precautions

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Category Countries Action Category 1 Italy, San Marino, Iran, South Korea, France, China, Germany, Spain, Belgium, USA, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Austria, Switzerland and Malaysia Postpone travel Self-isolate for 14 days Category 2 Finland, Philippines, Indonesia and Pakistan Observe travellers Category 3 Rest of countries General preventive measures

Travel advisory

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• Develop COVID -19 institutional policy
• Designate isolation facilities with clear staffing protocols
• Provision of adequate supplies
• Establish surveillance system for the health workers

responding

• Monitor compliance to set practice

Administration controls

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Respiratory or cough etiquette

Cover mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing Maintain social distance (1.5metres) from others

Cover mouth and nose with tissue and dispose of the used tissues in the nearest waste bin

Offer a face mask to patients with suspected 2019-nCoV infection while they are in waiting/public areas or in isolation rooms.

Health workers must put on fit tested N95 masks before entering the patient area or patient care

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• Additionally worn depending on the risk of transmission

Personal protective equipment

Head cover

Head + hair

Goggle

Eyes Nose + mouth

Gown Face Mask N95 Mask Face shield

Eyes + nose + mouth

Gloves

Hands Nose + mouth

Apron

Body Body

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• Apply droplet precautions to prevent direct and indirect

transmission

• Maintain a 1 m distance
• Apply respiratory etiquette
• Perform hand hygiene
• Use appropriate PPE
• Decontaminate surfaces with chlorine
• Use administrative controls

Infection Prevention and control

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• Avoid hand-shaking and hugging at all times
• Avoid close contact with people who are visibly sick with flu-like

symptoms (fever, cough, sneeze)

• When sick with flu-like symptoms avoid going to public gatherings.

Remain at home to avoid infecting others.

• You do not need to wear medical masks if you do not have respiratory

symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, or running nose

• Don’t take self-medication such as antibiotics
• Do not spit in public. Find a secluded place like a toilet or latrine in which

to spit.

• Delay travel to countries that currently have many patients with COVID
• 19. if you MUST travel, please follow the protective measures
• Avoid travel if you have flu-like symptoms

Do’s and Don’t

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• Stay in a well ventilated room away from other people with separate

hygiene and toilet facilities

• Stay at home the entire duration of the quarantine (14 days)
• Ensure you have adequate food, water, hygiene provisions and

medication in case of co-morbidity

• ALWAYS WASH YOUR HANDS with soap and water or use alcohol

based hand rub

• Cover your nose and mouth with a handkerchief or tissue when

coughing or sneezing . Through tissue away. Wash hands

• Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces such as doorknobs,

handles, bedside tables

• Clean and disinfect bathrooms and toilets
• If you develop symptoms call the MOH immediately

Under self isolation: 14 days

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• Mounting alcohol dispensers at strategic points
• Advise sick employees and clients (fever and respiratory

symptoms) to stay home and seek medical attention

• Screening procedures at the entrance both staff and clients

(temp >37.5) in case of an outbreak in Uganda

• If cleared then then hand hygiene
• Minimise hand security checks
• Modify operational structures to encourage social distance
• Must perform hand hygiene before and after using ATMs and

thumb print machines

• Encourage contactless marketing

Suggested measures for corona prevention in the workplace

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• PHEOC 0800203033
• PHEOC 0800100066
• Text 6767 begin with ‘alert’
• Atek Kagirita – 0782909153
• Dr Allan Muruta – 0772460297

Contact