SLIDE 1 International Labour Organization Decent Work Team and Office for the Caribbean
10
ILO Meeting of Caribbean Ministers of Labour, Kingston, Jamaica
th
Non-Standard Employment Around the World
Mariya Aleksynska Economist, ILO Geneva February 2017
SLIDE 2
Content
1.
What is non-standard employment?
2.
Understanding trends in non-standard employment
3.
Women, young people and migrants in non- standard employment
4.
Why firms use non-standard employment and how it affects them
5.
Effect on workers, labour markets and society
6.
Addressing decent work deficits in non- standard employment
SLIDE 3
Defining Non-standard employment
SLIDE 4
Content
1.
What is non-standard employment?
2.
Understanding trends in non-standard employment
3.
Women, young people and migrants in non- standard employment
4.
Why firms use non-standard employment and how it affects them
5.
Effect on workers, labour markets and society
6.
Addressing decent work deficits in non- standard employment
SLIDE 5 Temporary employment
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 2004 2014
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00
SLIDE 6 Part-time wage employment
[0,10] (10,20] (20,30] (30,40] (40,50] No data [0,10] (10,20] (20,30] (30,40] (40,50] No data
Less than 35 h a week MEN WOMEN Belize, 2015: 9% Bermuda, 2010: 9,5%
SLIDE 7
United States, China, Europe, and Japan
“in-house subcontracting” - 55% of firms
“agency-hired” workers - 62% of firms
in labour brokering - 6.5% of workforce
Multi-party employment relationship
Disguised / dependent self-employment
12–17 % of subcontracting firms
2.3% of workers
4.1% of workers
8 -13 per % of workers in construction
“contractors”: private security guards, hotel and food industries
- Businesses in the “on-demand” or “gig” economy hire “independent
contractors”
SLIDE 8 Transformations in the world of work
The rise of the service sector Pressure from globalization Technological developments Shifting
strategies
Reasons for Dynamics
Regulation
Partial deregulation Distorted incentives Decline in unionization and the regulatory role of collective bargaining
Macroeconomic fluctuations and crisis
Adjustments through decline in the use of NSE Temporary reductions in working hours Increase in NSE due to economic uncertainty
SLIDE 9
Content
1.
What is non-standard employment?
2.
Understanding trends in non-standard employment
3.
Women, young people and migrants in non- standard employment
4.
Why firms use non-standard employment and how it affects them
5.
Effect on workers, labour markets and society
6.
Addressing decent work deficits in non- standard employment
SLIDE 10 60.0 32.8 7.2
Don't use Regular use Intensive use
Who uses and why?
132 developing and transition countries
77.0 16.3 6.8
22 EU countries Evidence on use of temporary labour Cost-saving, flexibility, technology
SLIDE 11 Who uses and why?
20 40 60 80 100 Don't use Regular use Intensive use Evidence on use of temporary labour, textiles
SLIDE 12 Average share of temporary workers in using firms
5 10 15 20 25 30
Evidence on use of temporary labour, textiles
Source: World Bank Enterprises Survey
SLIDE 13
Implications for firms
SLIDE 14
Content
1.
What is non-standard employment?
2.
Understanding trends in non-standard employment
3.
Women, young people and migrants in non- standard employment
4.
Why firms use non-standard employment and how it affects them
5.
Effect on workers, labour markets and society
6.
Addressing decent work deficits in non- standard employment
SLIDE 15 Why workers engage?
Care and other responsibilities Education
market (probation)
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 2007 2014 Involuntary temporary employment Part-time in Europe, 2014 27% of women, 4.2% of men Temporary work in Europe, 2014 25% of women, 24% of men
Sometimes voluntary Sometimes involuntary
Voluntary part-time: Brazil: 93%, Argentina, Peru: 75%
SLIDE 16 Implications for workers
Working conditions
SLIDE 17
Content
1.
What is non-standard employment?
2.
Understanding trends in non-standard employment
3.
Women, young people and migrants in non- standard employment
4.
Why firms use non-standard employment and how it affects them
5.
Effect on workers, labour markets and society
6.
Addressing decent work deficits in non- standard employment
SLIDE 18
SLIDE 19
Making jobs better
SLIDE 20
Making jobs better
SLIDE 21
Policies to support workers
SLIDE 22
Report and data are available at: http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/employment-security/non- standard-employment/lang--en/index.htm
Thank you!
