[PPT] - Nguyen Hong Nam Seminar on Energy, Environment & Sustainable PowerPoint Presentation

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A critjcal look on rice husk gasifjcatjon in Cambodia: engineering and sustainability

Nguyen Hong Nam

Seminar on Energy, Environment & Sustainable Development Hanoi, February 2, 2015

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Clean energy technologies and Sustainable development laboratory (CleanED)

Director

Dr. Minh Ha-Duong, CNRS

Co-director

Dr. Laurent Van de Steene, CIRAD

Researcher

Dr. Nguyen Dinh Quang, Director of RE Department, USTH

PhD student

Msc. Nguyen Trinh Hoang Anh, USTH

PhD student

Msc. Nguyen Hong Nam, USTH

Executjve secretary

Msc. Tran Hoang Anh, Paris 7

Researcher

Dr. Nguyen Xuan Truong, USTH

PhD student

Msc. Pham Duy An, USTH

Lab technician

Msc. Pham Xuan Huynh, IES

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A critjcal look on rice husk gasifjcatjon in Cambodia: engineering and sustainability

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Nguyen Hong Nam PhD student at CleanED, USTH

USTH Seminar on Energy, Environment & Sustainable Development February 2, 2015

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A critjcal look on rice husk gasifjcatjon in Cambodia: engineering and sustainability

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Gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ? Gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ? Rice milling sector overview Rice milling sector overview Lessons learned Lessons learned Summary and concluding remarks Summary and concluding remarks

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Rice husk Syngas (H2+CO)

Rice husk Gasification technology

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Gasifier filters dual fuel or 100% gas Engine + generator

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Technical potentjal of rice husk power

4-6 kg rice husk ≈ 1 liter diesel ≈ 3 kWh*

300 Million liters diesel 1.5 Million tons rice husk/year 900 GWh (30% of electricity demand**)

= = *Source: Baseline study waste to energy for the rice milling sector in Cambodia, SNV Netherlands Development Organizatjon, 2012 ** Electricity consumptjon in 2014 = 3 000 GWh, Independent Statjstjc and analysis IEA)

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Rice growing areas in Cambodia

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Source: Cambodia Consultjng Development Engineering (CCDE), 2014

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Electricity tarifg from diesel based generatjon: $0.75 - $1/kWh

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Appropriate

technology: “small-scale, decentralized, labor-intensive, energy- effjcient, environmentally sound, and locally controlled” (Hazeltine, B.; Bull, C.,1999).

Rice husk gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ?

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A critjcal look on rice husk gasifjcatjon in Cambodia: engineering and sustainability

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Gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ? Gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ? Rice milling sector overview Rice milling sector overview Lessons learned Lessons learned Summary and concluding remarks Summary and concluding remarks

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362 in operatjon
33 are connected to the grid
54 have a rice husk gasifjer

Source : Federatjon of Cambodian Rice Millers Associatjon (FCRMA) survey, 2014

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405 rice mills in Cambodia

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54 rice mills with gasifjers

9% 7% 83% Grid Own machine + grid Own machine

Sources of Electricity supply to operate rice mill

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54 rice mills with gasifjers

5 10 15 20 25 1 17 21 8 1 1 2 3

Rice mills with RHG by milling capacity

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A critjcal look on rice husk gasifjcatjon in Cambodia: engineering and sustainability

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Gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ? Gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ? Data collectjon Data collectjon Lessons learned Lessons learned Summary and concluding remarks Summary and concluding remarks

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1. Gasifjcatjon technology works in

Cambodia

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Dual fuel gas-diesel at Golden Daun Keo rice mill, Battambang, Cambodia, 2014-12-20 100% gas engine at HAK SE Plant, Kompong Cham, Cambodia, 2014-12-21

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2. Pollutjon is a problem

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Solid and liquid wastes from gasifjcatjon system at Yam Chan rice mill, Batuambang province, Cambodia, 2014 - 12 – 20 Wastes from the gasifjcatjon system at rice mill- Deum Pou village, Cambodia, 2014- 12-19 Liquid waste from the gasifjcatjon system- Deum Pou village, Cambodia. 2014-12-19

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Rice husk ash from the gasifjcatjon system- Deum Pou village, Cambodia. 2014-12-19 Rice husk as from gasifjed rice husk. UNIDO rural electricity pilot, KH. 2014-12-20 Rice husk ash from gasifjcatjon system at Yam Chan rice mill, Batuambang province, Cambodia, 2014 - 12 – 20

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3. There is no enforced standard

from the government

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A network or map of actors

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4. Technology has been transfered

in 2 ways: formally and informally

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600kW gasifjer, local manufacturer at Yam Chan rice mill, Batuambang province, Cambodia, KH. 2014 - 12 – 20 600kW Gasifjer at Golden Daun Keo rice mill, Batuambang, Cambodia, KH. 2014-12-20

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5. Correlatjon between technology -

environmental quality control and management

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Profitability objective Technology choice Pollution level

Black water pond - rice mill at Deum Pou village, Cambodia. 2014-12-19 Cleaning water system - UNIDO Project in Siem Siep Province, Cambodia. 2014-12-20

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6. Rice husk is now a commodity

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Rice husk truck for Thailand. Baitang trading mill, Cambodia, 2014- 12-20

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7. Key factors for
peratjng/installing a gasifjer

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Key factors:
Price of husk
Price of diesel fuel
Price of available electricity network
Other factor: load factor of rice mill.
Price of ash and environmental constraints are less

important.

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Periodization of the economic power supply source

A graph here

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8. The sector is concentratjng

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Yam Chan rice mill, Battambang province, Cambodia, 2014 - 12 – 20 Baitang PLC , Battambang province, Cambodia Rice mill at Deum Pou village, Cambodia, 2014-12-19

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A critjcal look on rice husk gasifjcatjon in Cambodia: engineering and sustainability

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Gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ? Gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ? Data collectjon Data collectjon Lessons learned Lessons learned Summary and concluding remarks Summary and concluding remarks

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3 key messages to remember

Rice husk gasifjcatjon technology works in Cambodia

and contribute to the development of the agricultural sector.

Rice husk was before a waste from rice mills, is now

becoming commodity.

Pollutjon from gasifjcatjon installatjons is a problem

and need to be treated in an appropriate way.

Minh Ha-Duong, Hong Nam Nguyen. Rice husk gasification for electricity generation in Cambodia in December 2014. [Research Report] Université de Sciences et Technologies de Hanoi. 2014. <hal-01107615>

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“Has gasifjer” positjvely associated with “Is connected to the grid”?

On-grid Ofg-grid Row totals Rice husk gasifjer 9 44 53 Does not have rice husk gasifjer 24 276 300 Column totals 33 320 353

“Independence test”:

Operatjng rice mills in Cambodia

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Small-scale Yes Decentralized Yes Labor-intensive Yes compared to a power plant Energy-effjcient >steam engine, <steam turbine Environmentally sound No Locally controlled To some extend

Gasifjcatjon may not remain an appropriate technology in Cambodia.

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Biomass potentjal in Vietnam

Source: VTT Technology Research Center of Finland (2010)

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Prospect for rice husk to energy in Vietnam

Small scale rice husk gasifjer stove developed by SNV in Vietnam Rice husk Co-fjring

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A critjcal look on rice husk gasifjcatjon in Cambodia: engineering and sustainability

Nguyen Hong Nam

Seminar on Energy, Environment & Sustainable Development Hanoi, February 2, 2015

Clean energy technologies and Sustainable development laboratory (CleanED)

A critjcal look on rice husk gasifjcatjon in Cambodia: engineering and sustainability

Nguyen Hong Nam PhD student at CleanED, USTH

A critjcal look on rice husk gasifjcatjon in Cambodia: engineering and sustainability

Gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ? Gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ? Rice milling sector overview Rice milling sector overview Lessons learned Lessons learned Summary and concluding remarks Summary and concluding remarks

Rice husk Syngas (H2+CO)

Rice husk Gasification technology

Technical potentjal of rice husk power

4-6 kg rice husk ≈ 1 liter diesel ≈ 3 kWh*

300 Million liters diesel 1.5 Million tons rice husk/year 900 GWh (30% of electricity demand**)

Rice growing areas in Cambodia

Electricity tarifg from diesel based generatjon: $0.75 - $1/kWh

technology: “small-scale, decentralized, labor-intensive, energy- effjcient, environmentally sound, and locally controlled” (Hazeltine, B.; Bull, C.,1999).

Rice husk gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ?

A critjcal look on rice husk gasifjcatjon in Cambodia: engineering and sustainability

Gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ? Gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ? Rice milling sector overview Rice milling sector overview Lessons learned Lessons learned Summary and concluding remarks Summary and concluding remarks

Source : Federatjon of Cambodian Rice Millers Associatjon (FCRMA) survey, 2014

405 rice mills in Cambodia

54 rice mills with gasifjers

Sources of Electricity supply to operate rice mill

54 rice mills with gasifjers

Rice mills with RHG by milling capacity

A critjcal look on rice husk gasifjcatjon in Cambodia: engineering and sustainability

Gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ? Gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ? Data collectjon Data collectjon Lessons learned Lessons learned Summary and concluding remarks Summary and concluding remarks

Cambodia

Dual fuel gas-diesel at Golden Daun Keo rice mill, Battambang, Cambodia, 2014-12-20 100% gas engine at HAK SE Plant, Kompong Cham, Cambodia, 2014-12-21

from the government

in 2 ways: formally and informally

environmental quality control and management

Profitability objective Technology choice Pollution level

Rice husk truck for Thailand. Baitang trading mill, Cambodia, 2014- 12-20

important.

A graph here

A critjcal look on rice husk gasifjcatjon in Cambodia: engineering and sustainability

Gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ? Gasifjcatjon, an appropriate technology for Cambodia ? Data collectjon Data collectjon Lessons learned Lessons learned Summary and concluding remarks Summary and concluding remarks

3 key messages to remember

and contribute to the development of the agricultural sector.

becoming commodity.

and need to be treated in an appropriate way.

“Has gasifjer” positjvely associated with “Is connected to the grid”?

Operatjng rice mills in Cambodia

Small-scale Yes Decentralized Yes Labor-intensive Yes compared to a power plant Energy-effjcient >steam engine, <steam turbine Environmentally sound No Locally controlled To some extend

Gasifjcatjon may not remain an appropriate technology in Cambodia.

Biomass potentjal in Vietnam

Prospect for rice husk to energy in Vietnam

Small scale rice husk gasifjer stove developed by SNV in Vietnam Rice husk Co-fjring

Thank you for your attention!