New SeaSonde Features for Remote Operations: Low Power Systems and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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New SeaSonde Features for Remote Operations: Low Power Systems and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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New SeaSonde Features for Remote Operations: Low Power Systems and Automated Antenna Patterns from AIS Vessels Chad Whelan CODAR Ocean Sensors RIAM Workshop CODAR Ocean Sensors Kyushu University www.codar.com 18 December 2013 1 1 Low

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

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New SeaSonde Features for Remote Operations: Low Power Systems and Automated Antenna Patterns from AIS Vessels

Chad Whelan CODAR Ocean Sensors

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

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Low Power SeaSonde

  • Low Power (150-200 W)
  • All-in-one weatherproof

chassis

  • Designed for remote &
  • ff-grid power solutions

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

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  • Class E amplifier up to 85% efficient (Standard systems

~25% efficient)

  • Small volume to cool
  • ~150 W Total Power for < 27 C ambient air temp
  • ~250 W Total Power for ~ 40C ambient air temp
  • 24

V DC input (120/220 V AC input with adapter)

  • Compatible with all frequencies & antennas
  • Same performance as standard chassis Seasonde

Low Power SeaSonde

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

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20" (50.8 cm) 5/8" (1.59 cm) 10" (25.4 cm) 16" (40.64 cm) Dia 3/8" (0.95 cm) holes tabs about 0.2" (0.51 cm)thick

46 kg

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

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Easy-Swap Modules

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HF RADAR Tutorial Bergen, Norway June 10, 2013 CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com

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Wall-mountable

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HF RADAR Tutorial Bergen, Norway June 10, 2013 CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com

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Norway Rapid Response

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HF RADAR Tutorial Bergen, Norway June 10, 2013 CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com

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Norway Rapid Response

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

Funding provided by 2011 NOAA Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Phase II Award

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Use Vessel Echoes to Calibrate Antenna Pattern

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com

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Cross Loop Antennas Top

  • f dipole

Lower part

  • f dipole

inside mast

SeaSonde Receive Antenna

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

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Compact Crossed Loop Omnidirectional Antenna

  • 3 co-located antennas
  • Unique combination of

amplitude & phase for each antenna = 6 parameters for each bearing

  • MUSIC Direction Finding on

each Doppler bin

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

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Compact Crossed Loop Omnidirectional Antenna

  • 3 co-located antennas
  • Unique combination of

amplitude & phase for each antenna = 6 parameters for each bearing

  • MUSIC Direction Finding on

each Doppler bin

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

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Compact Crossed Loop Omnidirectional Antenna

  • 3 co-located antennas
  • Unique combination of

amplitude & phase for each antenna = 6 parameters for each bearing

  • MUSIC Direction Finding on

each Doppler bin

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

SeaSonde Antenna Pattern

Amplitude Phase

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

Antenna Pattern Distortions

Ideal Nearly ideal Not so Ideal

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Distorted Antenna Patterns

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

  • 1. de Paolo, T. and E. Terrill (2007), Properties of HF radar compact antenna arrays and their effect on the MUSIC

algorithm, eScholarship U. of California Report, Scripps Institution of oceanography.

  • 2. Laws, K., J.D. Paduan, and J.

Vesecky (2010). Estimation and assessment of errors related to antenna pattern distortion in CODAR SeaSonde high-frequency radar ocean current measurements, J. Atmos. & Oceanic Technology, vol. 27, pp. 1029-1043.

  • 3. Barrick, D., (2003), "Bearing Accuracy against Hard Targets with SeaSonde DF Antennas", CODAR Report, September 26.
  • 4. Kohut, J., et. al., Calibration of HF radar surface current measurements using measured antenna beam patterns, J. Atmos.

Ocean Tech., pp. 1303 - 1316, 2003.

  • 5. Jeff Paduan, Don Barrick, Dan Fernandez, Zack Hallock, and Cal Teague, Improving the accuracy of coastal HF radar

current mapping, Hydro International, vol. 5, no. 1, 2001.

  • 6. Barrick, D.E., Lipa, B.J., Using antenna patterns to improve the quality of SeaSonde HF radar surface current maps,

Current Measurement, 1999. Proceedings of the IEEE Sixth Working Conference on, 11-13 March 1999, pp. 5-8, DOI 10.1109/CCM.1999.755204.

  • 7. K. E. Laws, D. M. Fernandez, J. D. Paduan, C. C. Teague, and J. F.

Vesecky, Simulation studies of errors in HF radar ocean surface current measurements, in IGARSS'98 Sensing and Managing the Environment, New York, Jul 1998, IEEE, vol. I, pp. A08.09.1-A08.09.3, IGARSS'98, Seattle, Washington.

  • 8. Barrick, D.E. and B.J. Lipa (1996), Comparison of direction-finding and beam-forming in HF radar ocean surface

currentmapping, Phase 1 SBIR Final Report. Contract No. 50-DKNA-5-00092. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, MD.

Measuring Patterns Improves Accuracy

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

Measuring Patterns Improves Accuracy

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  • Any ground discontinuities or vertical conductive

structures (poles, buildings, power lines) can cause pattern distortions, which can cause bearing errors if not included in processing

  • HF Radar wavelengths are long (10-100 m), so it is difficult

to isolate receive antenna from parasitic structures

  • Good measurement is done from an external far-field

source

  • This is true for both Phased Array & Compact Cross Loop

Antenna systems

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

Current Calibration Method

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Transponder as signal source

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Transponder as signal source

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Transponder on a boat

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Long Marine Lab

UC Santa Cruz

transponder

  • n land

Additional Coverage

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

Or by Helicopter!

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Planning, setup and execution can be costly and time- consuming

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New Solution: Use AIS & Ship Echoes

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

Ship Echoes in Doppler Spectra

Provides a calibration signal from direction

  • f vessel

Need to get bearing

  • f vessel to use in

APM Use range from AIS position & Doppler from AIS velocity to find peak

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What is AIS?

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

What is AIS?

Automatic Identification System Ship-to-ship & Ship-to-shore anti- collision transponder system Two VHf Marine Bands: 161.975 and 162.025 MHz Required on all ships over 300 tons and all passenger ships

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

For each vessel, AIS provides: Time-Stamped

  • Position
  • Bearing
  • Speed

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AIS in Japan

from: marinetraffic.com, a public AIS data provider

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from: marinetraffic.com, a public AIS data provider

AIS in Japan

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

Collect AIS messages on radial site computer via AIS receiver Match AIS messages with raw spectra AIS Receiver can be separated from SeaSonde computer AIS receiver can be moved to a nearby building for better range AIS APM processing operates in parallel with radial procesing

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AIS Receiver Check for New Spectra Write TRAK File Find Concurrent AIS Positions AIS Decoder SQLite DB

AIS Messages

SeaSonde Spectra TRAK Files

Ruby on Rails AIS Server New Spectra File? Concurrent Data? No No Yes Yes HTTP Query HTTP Response Start

AIS Data Flow

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Results

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Bodega Marine Lab

Normalized Antenna Patterns: Real & Imaginary Components Median filter sorted by bearing Previous transponder pattern (---)

A13R A13I A23R A23I

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Bodega Marine Lab

Normalized Antenna Patterns: Amplitude & Phase

Vessel APM (oo) Transponder APM (--) Vessel APM (oo) Transponder APM (--)

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

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Bodega Marine Lab

Metadata Collected:

S/N ratio Peak width Doppler Range Bearing

Pattern update rate depends on vessel activity (varies vs. bearing)

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Old Dominion University

(VIEW site)

Antenna pattern measured in a few days from vessel echoes Vessels provide a far-field signal source

Vessel APM (oo) Transponder APM (--) Vessel APM (oo) Transponder APM (--)

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CODAR Ocean Sensors www.codar.com RIAM Workshop Kyushu University 18 December 2013

Benefits

Significantly reduced cost of calibration Improved surface current data quality assurance Continuous measurements allow antenna pattern to be processed over different time periods & lengths Inexpensive software addition and AIS hardware Compatible with all SeaSonde hardware

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