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New coolants: case study
- Prof. dr. ir. Ibo van de Poel, Faculty of TPM
New coolants: case study Prof. dr. ir. Ibo van de Poel, Faculty of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
New coolants: case study Prof. dr. ir. Ibo van de Poel, Faculty of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
New coolants: case study Prof. dr. ir. Ibo van de Poel, Faculty of TPM CFC 12 CFC 12 Inflammable CFC 12 Inflammable Non toxic CFC 12 Inflammable Non toxic Good thermodynamic properties CFC 12 Inflammable Non
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CFC 12
- Inflammable
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CFC 12
- Inflammable
- Non toxic
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CFC 12
- Inflammable
- Non toxic
- Good thermodynamic properties
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CFC 12
- Inflammable
- Non toxic
- Good thermodynamic properties
- Stable
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CFC 12
- Inflammable
- Non toxic
- Good thermodynamic properties
- Stable
But: contribution to ozone depletion
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Values
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Values
- Safety specified as inflammability
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Values
- Safety specified as inflammability
- Health specified as non-toxicity
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Values
- Safety specified as inflammability
- Health specified as non-toxicity
- Environmental sustainability specified as:
Low ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential) Low GWP (Global warming Potential)
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Other important design requirements
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Other important design requirements
- Energy efficiency
– good thermodynamic properties
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Other important design requirements
- Energy efficiency
– good thermodynamic properties
- Costs and availability
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Other important design requirements
- Energy efficiency
– good thermodynamic properties
- Costs and availability
- Compatibility
– compatibility with materials – miscibility with lubricants (solubility, lubricity) – (minimal) adaptions in compressor
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Increasing Toxicity
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Health
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Increasing Flammabality
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Safety
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Long atmospheric lifetime
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Sustainability
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= HFC134a
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Why HFC 134a?
HFC134a attractive to chemical industry because:
- Patentable
- Not too inexpensive
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Patents HFC 134a
2 4 6 8 10 12 World Intellectual Property Organisation European Patent Office US Patent and Trademark Office
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Why HFC 134a?
Refrigerator firms also choose for HFC134a because of:
- Low impact on price
- Availability (from chemical firms)
- Compressors and lubricants adapted to HFC134a
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‘In my nearly 25 years of working with the heating, ventilating, air-conditioning and refrigeration industry , I have never seen this industry put so much time and effort into one problem as they have into the CFC problem’.
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Video ‘Greenfreeze and SolarChill’
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ODP GWP Toxic? Flammable? CFC 12
1 10900 No No
HFC 134a
1430 No No
HC 600a (isobutane)
3 No Yes
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ODP GWP Toxic? Flammable? CFC 12
1 10900 No No
HFC 134a
1430 No No
HC 600a (isobutane)
3 No Yes
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Isobutane (HC600a)
Codes like ASHRAE 15 Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration:
Forbad flammable coolants
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Re-specification of safety
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Re-specification of safety
First:
- non-flammability of coolant
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Re-specification of safety
First:
- non-flammability of coolant
Later:
- ignition and explosion risks of refrigerator
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Re-specification of safety
First:
- non-flammability of coolant
Later:
- ignition and explosion risks of refrigerator
(can also be reduced by refrigerator design)
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Summary
The greenfreeze innovation was:
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Summary
The greenfreeze innovation was:
- Responsible
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Summary
The greenfreeze innovation was:
- Responsible
- Radical
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Summary
The greenfreeze innovation was:
- Responsible
- Radical
- Initiated by outsiders
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