New Approaches to Design for Fire Safety Tuesday, 20 th July 2010 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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New Approaches to Design for Fire Safety Tuesday, 20 th July 2010 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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New Approaches to Design for Fire Safety Tuesday, 20 th July 2010 Allister Smith Peter Wilkinson UK Property Risk Manager Associate Director Aviva Insurance Fire Protection Association RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY RISK

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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

New Approaches to Design for Fire Safety

RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Allister Smith UK Property Risk Manager Aviva Insurance Peter Wilkinson Associate Director Fire Protection Association

Tuesday, 20th July 2010

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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Overview

  • Financial climate - headlines & facts
  • Design methods
  • Essential principles
  • Case study
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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Headlines

  • Insurers very concerned about the increasing cost of fire losses
  • Fire costs now at record levels - rose by 16% between 2007 and

2008 to £1.3bn (£3.4m every day!)

  • Business Interruption claims cost a further £200m per year
  • We are seeing more multi-million pound fire claims
  • Insurers agree that the number of fire incidents is decreasing,

but the average cost of fire is increasing!

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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Cost of fire claims notified

200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 £m

Commercial Domestic

Source: ABI statistics

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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Commercial property damage claims costs by cause

5% 10% 11% 3% 44% 13% 1% 6% 7% Accidental Damage Misc Burst Pipes Explosion Fire Other Subsidence Theft Weather (Storm/Flood)

Source: Aviva statistics

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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Fire does not just cost us money

  • Economic cost
  • Wider effects on society
  • Causes death and injury
  • Disrupts peoples lives and destroys

their most valued possessions

  • Affects local community
  • Can cause businesses to close down
  • Job losses
  • Environmental impact

the iceberg principle

insured costs uninsured costs the claim defence costs lost time lost reputation lost customers investigation time

  • vertime

replacement staff insurance premiums fines

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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Fire safety design

  • The Building Act 1984
  • Health
  • Safety
  • Welfare
  • Convenience
  • Energy Efficiency
  • Water Efficiency
  • The Sustainable and Secure Buildings Act 2004
  • Security
  • Sustainability
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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Fire safety design

  • Means of warning and

escape

  • Internal fire spread

(linings)

  • Internal fire spread

(structure)

  • External fire spread
  • Access and facilities

for the fire service

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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Fire safety design

  • LABC
  • Approved Inspector
  • Fire Authority
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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Fire safety design

  • General approach
  • Advanced approach
  • Fire engineering
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Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

General approach

  • Approved Document B
  • HTM Firecode
  • BB100
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Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Advanced approach

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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

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Fire engineering

  • ‘the application of scientific and

engineering principles, rules and expert judgement, based on an understanding of the phenomena and effects of fire, and the reaction and behaviour of people to fire, to protect people, property and the environment from the destructive effects of fire’

Institution of Fire Engineers

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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Fire engineering

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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

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Fire engineering

Start Qualitative design review (QDR) Quantitative analysis of design Reporting and presentation of results Un- satisfactory Satisfactory End Assessment against criteria

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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

The protection of the business

“ From a business protection and resilience point of view, buildings complying just with statutory requirements may be substantially under-protected“ Any building is at risk from fire - architects and fire engineering consultants wherever possible need to be asking their client…. “If you have a fire, will you be back in business in 24/48 hours?”

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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Property insurance objectives

  • To reduce the likelihood of fire, either accidental or malicious.
  • To protect the buildings within the business.
  • To minimise the effect of fire on a business.
  • To limit the effects of business interruption and to allow the

business to be trading as quickly as possible following fire.

  • To maintain the health and safety of those in and around the

building (incl firefighters).

Building Design Life Safety Property & business protection Fire safe

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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Essential Principle No 1

  • The building shall be constructed in such a manner

that if a fire starts, the extent of fire and smoke damage will be minimised and confined as close to the source of fire outbreak as is practicable/feasible.

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Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Essential Principle No 2

  • The building shall be constructed from building

materials and products that will not make a significant contribution to the early stages of a fire or contribute to the spread of fire.

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Essential Principle No 3

  • Measures shall be taken to prevent premature

structural collapse and excessive deflection.

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Essential Principle No 4

  • Consideration at the design stage regarding potential

impact from fire-fighting water, and to ensure the effect on the environment of the fire effluent will be minimised.

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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

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Essential Principle No 5

  • All fire protection products to be third party certified to

an appropriate product or performance based standard.

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Essential Principle No 6

  • All fire protection products/systems shall be designed

and installed by adequately trained accredited specialist installers.

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Essential Principle No 7

  • The building shall be fitted with an appropriate

automatic fire alarm system.

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Essential Principle No 8

  • The fire protection systems shall be regularly

maintained so that they are able to perform their intended function throughout the life of the building.

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Essential Principle No 9

  • There shall be adequate provision to prevent an

arson attack.

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Essential Principle No 10

  • The building shall be constructed that fire cannot

spread into the premises from an adjoining building

  • r other external fire source.
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Essential Principle No 11

  • The building owner/occupier shall ensure an

adequate standard of fire safety management throughout the life of the building.

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Essential Principle No 12

  • Any fuel burning appliance and services or electrical

appliance and services shall be designed, constructed and installed so as to reduce their potential as an accidental source of ignition.

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Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Loss Mitigation

LIKELIHOOD High Low CONSEQUENCE High Low Event

Risk Control (RC) Documents DG Management sections F&RS community initiatives Support for 3rd party accreditation DG Essential principles Sprinkler Rules F&RS Intervention Support for 3rd party accreditation Business Continuity Planning

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Loss Mitigation

High Low CONSEQUENCE High Low Event

Modern Methods of Construction Fire Engineering Changes to the Fire & Rescue Services Changes to Standards & Certification Drive to sustainability Changes to the RRO

LIKELIHOOD

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Loss mitigation

  • Specifies additional

criteria

  • Protect the building

structure

  • Limit loss of building

contents

  • Maintain ongoing

business viability

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Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Loss mitigation

  • Familiar format
  • Appendix J
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Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Current major issues

  • The cost of fire losses is increasing although the

number of fires remain constant

  • Modern Methods of Construction almost certainly

contributing to this

  • Poor BC planning not helping
  • Inappropriate application of fire engineering
  • To influence requires evidence - insurance industry

has recently put in place an improved mechanism that should provide us with better and more focussed MI about fire losses.

  • Many other factors may be in play also and will

contribute to a greater or lesser degree.

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RISK INSIGHT, STRATEGY AND CONTROL AUTHORITY

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Advantages:

  • Genuinely sustainable
  • Energy efficient
  • Quick:
  • Low dry-out time
  • Brickwork independent
  • Helps meet Gov. targets for:
  • Energy efficiency
  • No. of homes

Timber Frame Buildings

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Also:

  • Low weight
  • Weather independent
  • Prefabricated units
  • Less waste
  • Less site

handling

  • Flexibility of design
  • 3. Advantages of Timber Frame

Timber Frame Buildings

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  • 4. Disadvantages of Timber Frame

Numerous site fires:

  • Very rapid fire spread
  • Complete destruction
  • Extra precautions

during construction

  • Major disruption
  • Increased costs

including insurance?

Timber Frame Buildings

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  • 4. Disadvantages of Timber Frame
  • Incomplete construction
  • Finely divided fuel
  • Arson

Timber Frame Buildings

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  • 4. Disadvantages of Timber Frame
  • TF 2000 tests
  • No problem once

completed ?

  • Is there a concern

for finished buildings?

  • Building life-cycle

Timber Frame Buildings

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Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

5.2 Issues with Timber Frame

  • Typical building used in urban regeneration
  • 5/6 storey high quality apartments
  • Fire
  • started in consumer unit
  • travelled into a timber void unhindered
  • spread to the top of the building
  • broke into:
  • Source apartment (from consumer unit)
  • Neighbouring apartment
  • Two apartments below
  • F&RS had to tear apart (carefully) ALL apartments to

the top to locate and tackle the fire.

Case Study 1

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Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

5.2 Issues with Timber Frame

No fire stopping behind consumer unit

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5.2 Issues with Timber Frame

Hole for twin plug socket

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Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

5.2 Issues with Timber Frame

No protection to socket (not fire resisting)

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Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

5.2 Issues with Timber Frame

Numerous unstopped penetrations for services

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Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

5.2 Issues with Timber Frame

Fire stopping Incomplete (hidden under false ceiling)

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Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

5.2 Issues with Timber Frame

Incorrect use of intumescent mastic

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Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

5.2 Issues with Timber Frame

Use of collars in wood surround?

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Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

5.2 Issues with Timber Frame

F&RS had to chase fire through the building

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Reducing insurable risk through research, advice and best practice

Case Study 2- Manchester F&RS

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Incident Timeline

11.12 Initial Call two appliances sent

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11.51 two further appliances requested

Incident Timeline

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12.04 aerial appliance requested

Incident Timeline

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15.00 fire spread across roof and subsided

Incident Timeline

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18.00 previously undetected fire spread emerges

Incident Timeline

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Further Attendances

  • 9th December Cavity Fire
  • 10th December Cavity Fire
  • 11th December Cavity Fire
  • Demolition Completed 12th December

“We were only convinced the fire was out for good once

the building had been demolished”

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Cause

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RISCAuthority

  • Administered by the Fire

Protection Association.

  • Currently 30 participating insurers
  • Remit includes Fire, Security &

Business Continuity

  • Provides a consistent approach to

fire risk management and design.

  • Almost all guidance and tools are

available FREE OF CHARGE

RISCAuthority

ABI F&RS Standards Insurers Business Government

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Summary

  • The cost of fire is increasing
  • Designing for life safety, whilst important, is only part of

the solution.

  • Essential principles and the Design Guide are key

documents to help you achieve the total solution

  • It is in the hands of brokers, risk managers, building

designers and fire safety professionals to fully recognise the benefits of the Design Guide and to encourage and support its use in the field.

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Further information

  • Allister Smith

Email: allister.smith@aviva.co.uk

  • Peter Wilkinson

Email: pwilkinson@thefpa.co.uk

  • www.riscauthority.co.uk