Never Alone: How Collaboration has Changed and is Changing in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Never Alone: How Collaboration has Changed and is Changing in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Never Alone: How Collaboration has Changed and is Changing in Software Development Daniela Damian University of Victoria 2018-2019 Distinguished Speaker Series Institute for Software Research, University of California - Irvine April 12, 2019

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Never Alone: How Collaboration has Changed and is Changing in Software Development

Daniela Damian University of Victoria

2018-2019 Distinguished Speaker Series Institute for Software Research, University of California - Irvine April 12, 2019

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https://www.mytechlogy.com/IT

  • blogs/3312/do-we-benefit-from-the-eternal-microsoft-vs-apple-war/#.XKUsX-tKhSM
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http://transformingbusiness.economist.com/negotiating-in-the-digital-age/

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collaborate to innovate by leveraging talent at remote sites proximity to customers

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=

?

distributed issue resolution 2.5 times longer than co-located

Herbsleb, J. and R. Grinter: Splitting the Organization and Integrating the Code: Conway’s Law Revisited, ICSE, 1999

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OUR INVESTIGATION

IBM Jazz development T eam, 2007

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  • =

Wolf, T ., T . Nguyen and D. Damian: Does Distance still Matter?, Software Process: Improvement and Practice, 2008

no practically significant delay due to distance

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Effective communication through a core set of contributors

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Hierarchical Brokers Complete

FOCUS ON PERFORMANCE

time SCM Repository Build Result 2 ERROR Build Result 3 OK Build Result 1 OK ERRO OK OR OK RO Network 2 Network 3

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FOCUS ON PERFORMANCE

Wolf, T ., et al: Predicting build failures using social network analysis on developer communication, ICSE, 2009

Communication model predicted about 70% of failed builds

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from Co-located to Distributed

communication matters!

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from Co-located to Distributed

collaboration quality greatly affects software success

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Closed source, corporate-led contributions, intra- and inter-organizational partnerships

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trust

cultural affinity

awareness

aligned autonomy

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Innovate through decentralized, large contributor base

https://medium.com/@ Intersog/no-more-an-intellectual-property-destroyer-five-trends-in-open-source-cloud-computing-8887e5d23db9

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EARLY STUDIES OF OSS

socio-technical congruence the more active contributors are also the more active communicators

Bird, C.: Sociotechnical coordination and collaboration in open source software, ICSM 2011

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from Closed to Open

communication medium might not matter!

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from Closed to Open

governance based on quality of work

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THE GITHUB REVOLUTION

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Blincoe, K, F. Harrison, N. Kaur, D. Damian: Reference Coupling: An Exploration of Inter-project Technical Dependencies and their Characteristics within Large Software Ecosystems, Information and Software Technology, 2019

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communities are highly interconnected

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the largest connected component: 57% (about 10K projects)

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largest connected (giant) component in Github

Blincoe, K, F. Harrison, N. Kaur, D. Damian: Reference Coupling: An Exploration of Inter-project Technical Dependencies and their Characteristics within Large Software Ecosystems, Information and Software Technology, 2019

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SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR ALIGNED WITH TECHNICAL DEPENDENCIES?

Project Owners followed by other Owners in their ecosystem

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Mike Evans, vice president of technical business development at Red Hat.

“As a software company, it’s impossible to keep up if you have to write every line of code yourself, instead of using solutions that multiple organizations and countless individuals are developing collectively on a massive scale”

FIRM-SPONSORED OSS

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THE COOPETITION ERA

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“[Open] Software is becoming the leading technique by which companies both compete and collaborate with one another”

Mike Milinkovich, executive director of theEclipse Foundationand a board member of theOpen Source Initiative

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APACHE HADOOP

Platform providers Platform users Infrastructure providers Service providers Platform supporters

Linaker, J., et al., : How Firms Adapt and Interact in Open Source Ecosystems, REFSQ, 2016

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Linaker, J., et al., : How Firms Adapt and Interact in Open Source Ecosystems, REFSQ, 2016

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Social Network Measures and

Influence in the Ecosystem

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Influence through:

issues reported and included in release issues interacted with and included in release

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collaboration patterns

linked to

influence in the ecosystem

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THE WEBKIT ECOSYSTEM

2006: Apple releases WebKit 2007-2008: Apple releases the iPhone 2008-2011 2011-2013: Nokia - Intel further apart Samsung and Apple coopetition

Teixera, J.: Understanding Coopetition in the Open-Open-Source Arena: The cases of WebKit and OpenStack, OpenSym, 2014

Nokia

Intel

Nokia and Intel break out due to Nokia-Microsoft partnership

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the Customer is King

from Cooperation to Coopetition

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Increased collaboration — > competitive advantage

from Cooperation to Coopetition

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Open source platform and ecosystem, community contributions, software grows organically

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PROPRIETARY PLATFORM S

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IBM CLM ECOSYSTEM

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jazz.net: open issue tracker

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Atlassian’s open issue tracker

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OPEN COM M ERCIAL ECOSYSTEM

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Knauss, E. et al: Continuous clarification and emergent requirements flows in open-commercial software ecosystems, RE Journal, 2018

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Knauss, E. et al: Continuous clarification and emergent requirements flows in open-commercial software ecosystems, RE Journal, 2018

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  • pennesstrade-offs
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Closed source, open stakeholder communication, corporate-led contributions, inter-organizational partnerships

OPEN COMMERCIAL ECOSYSTEM

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COLLABORATION AT SCALE

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PROPRIETARY PLATFORM S

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from Product to Platform

providing the best products to developing the best

network of complementors (collaborators)

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from Product to Platform

from end-user oriented to end-user and partner-oriented

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from Product to Platform

from self-reliant to team player

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from Product to Platform

shared risk management in developing software

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Open API platform ecosystem,

self-regulated community contributions,

inter-organizational partnerships

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quality of integrations

strategic governance

platform innovation to enable external product innovation

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OPEN COLLABORATION AND INNOVATION AT SCALE

COLLABORATIVE INNOVATION

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CO-INNOVATION AT LARGE SCALE

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A RESEARCH AGENDA

Models of innovation within different types of ecosystems

Ecosystem tradeoffs and implications for Software Engineering platform openness < —

  • > quality of integrations
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THANK YOU

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THANK YOU

Daniela Damian University of Victoria

2018-2019 Distinguished Speaker Series Institute for Software Research, University of California - Irvine April 12, 2019