Neuroscience and Consciousness Chapter 2 Neurons Neuron cell - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Neuroscience and Consciousness

Chapter 2

Neurons

 Neuron cell – communication is

electrical

 Axon  Dendrites  Mylin sheath  Terminal buttons

Synapses

 Firing of neuron is electrical process

 All-or-none law  Action potential

 Synapse – communication

is chemical -

 Excitatory  Inhibitory  Lock and key concept  Reuptake

Neurotransmitters

 GABA - inhibitory  Dopamine - motor activity, behavior

and cognition, memory

 Endorphins – pain reduction  Serotonin – stress, alcoholism,mood,

suicide, aggression, sleep, sexuality

 Acetylcholine – digestion, muscles  Glutamate –memory -excitatory

Cellular Biology – Bruce Lipton, Ph.D.

 Single cells – analyze S from E  Cellular communities – perceive E

and organize = survival advantage

 Cooperation among groups of cells – gene transfer among species  Genetic engineering - dangers

Cellular Biology – Environment

 Epigenetics – genes are not destiny –E

can modify genes without changing their basic blueprint – changes are then passed onto future generations via proteins

 Cells are shaped by E  E signal > DNA/RNA > protein  Disease – cause is E, not cell

Cellular Biology – Membrane

 Membrane has 2 parts -

 Receptor proteins = tuned to specific E signals – physical signals; energy fields  Effector proteins = appropriate life sustaining R – generate motor nerves  Together they create a S-R mechanism

 Membrane –

 Is cell’s equivalent of a brain  Functions like a computer chip  Is programmable by E information

Cellular Biology – Nucleus

 Nucleus – a memory disk, hard drive

containing DNA programs

 Data – entered into cell/computer via

membrane receptors = cell’s ”keyboard”

 Result: we have ability to edit data we

enter into our biocomputers – we become masters of our fate, not victims of our

• genes. Behavior can be controlled by thot.

Nervous System

 Central Nervous System  Peripheral Nervous System

• Somatic division
• Autonomic division

 Sympathetic system  Parasympathetic system

Endocrine System

 Hormones - chemical

messengers

 Adrenal glands -

• Epinephrine
• Norepinephrine

 Pituitary gland -

Sends messages to other

endocrine glands to release hormones when signaled by

 Hypothalamus – (master gland)

The Brain

 Major scanning techniques  Older brain structures-

 Brainstem-medulla, pons  Reticular formation  Thalamus  Cerebellum  Limbic system

 Cerebral cortex - lobes

Regenerative powers

 Neuroplasticity

 Experience sculpts brain

 Neuroflexibility

 Flexibility of brain

 Neuroscaffolding

 Connections strengthened

 Neurogenesis – brain mends

itself by producing new neurons

Lateralization

 Hemisphere functions  Split brain

Film - Split Brain

The Mind - Siegel,M.D.

 Mind -

 Develops at interface of neurophysiological processes and interpersonal relationships

 Experience-

 Leads to firing of neurons which turns on genes which produces proteins

 Genes -

 Act as templates for information that is to be passes onto next generation  Have a transcription function which determines which proteins will be synthesized

Matter and Energy – Lipton

 Matter made up of energy=spinning atoms  Energetic signaling more efficient relaying E information than physical signals  Every material structure radiates a unique energy signal

Matter and Energy – Lipton

 Universe is one indivisible, dynamic whole – an integration of interdependent energy fields  Flow of information in a quantum universe is holistic

Matter and Energy – Lipton

 Redundant signaling pathways  Iatrogenic illness  Use of energy to heal brain  Communication  Thoughts consume energy - negative thinking drains energy

Brain Fingerprinting

 Dr. Farwell’s research –

 Subject wired with EEG  Views screen - names, pictures  Brain R with a murmur  Tested FBI agents

Film – Brain Fingerprinting

Neuroscience and Consciousness: Review

 Names and functions of neurons, brain and nervous system  Endocrine system = hormones  Neuroplasticity; neuroscaffolding; neurogenesis  Lateralization – split brain  Lipton material: cellular microbiology; matter and energy; iatrogenic illness  Siegel’s material – the mind  Farwell – brain fingerprinting