Neuroscience and Consciousness Chapter 2 Neurons Neuron cell - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Neuroscience and Consciousness Chapter 2

Neurons  Neuron cell – communication is electrical  Axon  Dendrites  Mylin sheath  Terminal buttons

Synapses  Firing of neuron is electrical process  All-or-none law  Action potential  Synapse – communication is chemical -  Excitatory  Inhibitory  Lock and key concept  Reuptake

Neurotransmitters  GABA - inhibitory  Dopamine - motor activity, behavior and cognition, memory  Endorphins – pain reduction  Serotonin – stress, alcoholism,mood, suicide, aggression, sleep, sexuality  Acetylcholine – digestion, muscles  Glutamate – memory -excitatory

Cellular Biology – Bruce Lipton, Ph.D.  Single cells – analyze S from E  Cellular communities – perceive E and organize = survival advantage  Cooperation among groups of cells – gene transfer among species  Genetic engineering - dangers

Cellular Biology – Environment  Epigenetics – genes are not destiny –E can modify genes without changing their basic blueprint – changes are then passed onto future generations via proteins  Cells are shaped by E  E signal > DNA/RNA > protein  Disease – cause is E, not cell

Cellular Biology – Membrane  Membrane has 2 parts -  Receptor proteins = tuned to specific E signals – physical signals; energy fields  Effector proteins = appropriate life sustaining R – generate motor nerves  Together they create a S-R mechanism  Membrane –  Is cell ’ s equivalent of a brain  Functions like a computer chip  Is programmable by E information

Cellular Biology – Nucleus  Nucleus – a memory disk, hard drive containing DNA programs  Data – entered into cell/computer via membrane receptors = cell ’ s ” keyboard ”  Result : we have ability to edit data we enter into our biocomputers – we become masters of our fate, not victims of our genes. Behavior can be controlled by thot.

Nervous System  Central Nervous System  Peripheral Nervous System - Somatic division -Autonomic division  Sympathetic system  Parasympathetic system

Endocrine System  Hormones - chemical messengers  Adrenal glands - - Epinephrine - Norepinephrine  Pituitary gland - Sends messages to other endocrine glands to release hormones when signaled by  Hypothalamus – (master gland)

The Brain  Major scanning techniques  Older brain structures -  Brainstem-medulla , pons  Reticular formation  Thalamus  Cerebellum  Limbic system  Cerebral cortex - lobes

Regenerative powers  Neuroplasticity  Experience sculpts brain  Neuroflexibility  Flexibility of brain  Neuroscaffolding  Connections strengthened  Neurogenesis – brain mends itself by producing new neurons

Lateralization  Hemisphere functions  Split brain

Film - Split Brain

The Mind - Siegel,M.D.  Mind -  Develops at interface of neurophysiological processes and interpersonal relationships  Experience -  Leads to firing of neurons which turns on genes which produces proteins  Genes -  Act as templates for information that is to be passes onto next generation  Have a transcription function which determines which proteins will be synthesized

Matter and Energy – Lipton  Matter made up of energy=spinning atoms  Energetic signaling more efficient relaying E information than physical signals  Every material structure radiates a unique energy signal

Matter and Energy – Lipton  Universe is one indivisible, dynamic whole – an integration of interdependent energy fields  Flow of information in a quantum universe is holistic

Matter and Energy – Lipton  Redundant signaling pathways  Iatrogenic illness  Use of energy to heal brain  Communication  Thoughts consume energy - negative thinking drains energy

Brain Fingerprinting  Dr. Farwell ’ s research –  Subject wired with EEG  Views screen - names, pictures  Brain R with a murmur  Tested FBI agents

Film – Brain Fingerprinting

Neuroscience and Consciousness: Review  Names and functions of neurons, brain and nervous system  Endocrine system = hormones  Neuroplasticity; neuroscaffolding; neurogenesis  Lateralization – split brain  Lipton material: cellular microbiology; matter and energy; iatrogenic illness  Siegel ’ s material – the mind  Farwell – brain fingerprinting