Networked Embedded Software: Introduction Luca Mottola Politecnico - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Networked Embedded Software: Introduction Luca Mottola Politecnico - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 09, 2023 177 likes •534 views

Networked Embedded Software: Introduction Luca Mottola Politecnico di Milano, Italy and SICS Swedish ICT ( home.deib.polimi.it/mottola ) Who am I? Whats the course about? Networked Embedded Software Software that powers networked embedded

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Networked Embedded Software: Introduction

Luca Mottola Politecnico di Milano, Italy and SICS Swedish ICT (home.deib.polimi.it/mottola)

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Who am I?

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SLIDE 3
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What’s the course about?

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Networked Embedded Software

  • Software that powers

networked embedded systems

  • Networked: multiple interconnected

devices, no single process

  • Embedded: dedicated to one function,

no general purpose computing

  • System: part of a bigger machine meant

to achieve one specific task

  • Key aspect: immersed in and interacting

with the physical world

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Applications

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Example #1

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stop distance Environment Entry Transition Internal Exit

Tunnel Lighting

  • Light intensity in tunnels currently set

regardless of environment conditions

  • Problems: energy waste, safety hazard
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Problem

Environment Entry Transition Internal Exit Light

Pre-set: does not follow environment changes External sensor: does not consider inside conditions Sensors inside and outside: capture actual environmental conditions, reducing energy and increasing safety, by respecting the legislated light levels

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Devices

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Feedback Loop

external veil luminance sensor PLC lamps SCADA WSN WSN gateways

feedback loop

data commands

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Software

  • Sensor devices

– custom routing protocol – sensing & tasking – reprogramming support

  • PLC

– control loop

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Deployment

  • Riva del Garda, Italy

– 630m, 2 pipes ~28K vehicles/day

  • 82 light sensors
  • 0.9% error to

reference

  • 28% energy saving
  • 1+ year lifetime
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Example #2

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Application

  • “Domus dei putti danzanti”

in Aquileia (Italy)

  • How to obtain accurate

digital maps of the site?

“Putto”

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Autonomous Drones

  • Formidable

“sensor carriers”

  • Control where

and when to sense

  • Aerial

photogrammetry

– active sensing subject to spatio/temporal constraints

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Devices

MSP430/CC2420 custom board Vertical camera

  • Cortex A7
  • Embedded Linux
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Software

  • Drones

– image processing – navigation – distributed coordination

  • Base station

– distributed coordination – storage

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Deployment Experience

  • Orthophotos within 3.3% of LIDAR

ground-level measurements

  • Half an hour of drone
  • peration instead of

two grad students full-time

  • Not as easy as

it sounds…

– drones require maintenance!

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Many names…

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…for the Same Thing?

  • Cyberphysical Systems (CPS),

Swarm Robotics, Drone Sensor Networks, Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), ….

  • Emphasis on different aspects

– CPS: distributed control and coordination – IoT: Internet integration – WSN: low-power sensing – …

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Want to build software…

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What’s so hard?

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Models and Reality “All models are wrong, but some are useful.”

  • -G. Box
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Models in Software

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Example: Single-threaded Code

implementation { command result_t StdControl.init() { call Leds.init(); return SUCCESS; } command result_t StdControl.start() { return call Timer.start(1000) ; } command result_t StdControl.stop() { return call Timer.stop(); } event result_t Timer.fired() { call Leds.redToggle(); return SUCCESS; } } Will two devices starting at the same time keep blinking simultaneously?

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(non-)Determinism

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Models Again…

Implementations become “models” of computations too!

  • Huge gap between

models and reality

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This Course

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Overview

  • Learn about models, abstractions,

techniques, and tools to develop networked embedded software

  • Main aspects

– applications and requirements – design and modeling – programming and middleware – dependability and fault-tolerance – validation and verification – interoperability

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Material

  • This week: lectures

– objective: provide context and primary examples – slides available online

  • Next week: research papers

– reviewed, presented, and discussed

  • No textbook
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Coursework

  • Mock conference

– you’ll need to upload (short) reviews

  • Presentation to the class

– max 25 minutes/15 slides each – will provide a template

  • One “champion” and one “detractor”

– 3 minutes each

  • Oxford-style debate
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How?

  • HotCRP at www.neslab.it/hotcrp

– create an account – check submitted papers – choose four that you would like to present – enter review preferences for all

  • Send e-mail to

luca.mottola@polimi.it

– ordered list of four preferences – first-come first-served – will reply with the assigned paper

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Evaluation

  • Paper presentations and discussions [70%]

– include when you act as “champion/detractor”

  • Active participation [30%]

– in class, …

  • Should you want to improve

the grade, other options available