Nervous System Connections CNS: Brain & Spinal cord PNS: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Feb 15, 2024 425 likes •712 views

Nervous System Connections CNS: Brain & Spinal cord PNS: Ascending & descending nerves CNS Brain, spinal cord Processing center Nuclei PNS Spinal & cranial nerves Information relay system ganglia

SLIDE 1

Nervous System

Connections CNS: Brain & Spinal cord PNS: Ascending & descending nerves

SLIDE 2

– Brain, spinal cord – Processing center – Nuclei

– Spinal & cranial nerves – Information relay system – ganglia

SLIDE 3

Cranial nerves

I – Olfactory

S

II – Optic

S

III – Oculomotor

M

VI – Trochlear

M

V – Trigeminal

SM

VI – Abducens

M

VII – Facial

SM

VIII – Auditory

(Vestibulocochlear) S

IX – Glossopharyngeal

SM

X – Vagus

SM

XI – Spinal Accesory

M

XII – Hypoglossal

M

SLIDE 4

Divisions of PNS

Somatic

– Voluntary

Autonomic

– Visceral (involuntary)

SLIDE 5

– Brain, spinal cord – Processing center – Nuclei

– Spinal and cranial nerves – Information relay system – ganglia

SLIDE 6

Divisions of PNS

Conscious control Unconscious control

SLIDE 7

Basic regulatory & reflex functions in brainstem

SLIDE 8

Support and Protection

Meninges encase brain & SC
Three layers:
Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater
Between layers:
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF;

airbag for brain)

SLIDE 9

Ventricles

SLIDE 10

Meninges (spinal cord)

Dura mater: outer layer

– Subdural space; Serous fluid (lubricant)

Arachnoid mater:

– Subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia) filled with CSF & blood vessels

Pia Mater: inner layer

– Shrink wrapped to spinal cord & brain

SLIDE 11

Spinal cord anatomy

Gray matter: cell bodies & unmyelinated axons
White matter: Myelinated axons

SLIDE 12

Major Features of Brain

SLIDE 13

Vertebrate Brain

Hindbrain

– Medulla oblongata – Pons – Cerebellum

Midbrain
Diencephalon

– Thalamus – Hypothalamus

Telencephalon

– Cerebral cortex, (white & gray matter)

SLIDE 14

Vertebrate brain

Mesencephalon: Visual

and Auditory reflex centers (head-turning)

Pons: Relay station for

sensory info.

Medulla oblongata:

Regulate cardio, respiratory, digestive activities

SLIDE 15

Medulla Oblongata

Regulatory Nuclei:

– heart & respiratory rate, blood pressure, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, swallowing, balance, coordination, digestion, sleep

Pyramids:

– Descending motor nerves; conscious control of skeletal muscle

SLIDE 16

Pons

Ascending & descending

nerve tracts

Regulatory nuclei:

– Chewing & salivation; respiration – Initiates sleep

Relay nuclei:

– Reticular Formation: Share info between cerebrum & cerebellum

SLIDE 17

Reticular Formation

Filters out the

humdrum

Relays the novel &

exciting

SLIDE 18

Midbrain

Reflex nuclei

– Visual reflex; startle & tracking – Auditory reflex & nerve tracts

Regulatory nuclei

– Lens shape, pupil diameter – Initiates & terminates body movements – Initiates arousal

SLIDE 19

Diencephalon

Thalamus

– Ascending sensory neurons synapse here; project to cerebrum

Epithalamus

– Emotional & visceral response to odors; pineal body regulates long-term cycles

Hypothalamus

– Maintaining homeostasis via hormone release

SLIDE 20

Cerebellum

Gray and white matter
Balance; maintains muscle

tone; coordinates fine muscle movement

Comparator: integrates

proposed movements with current body position to produce smooth, exact movement

Involved in learning new

balance-intensive activities

– Riding a bike, yoga, climbing

SLIDE 21

Movement & Body position

SLIDE 22

Cerebrum & its Regions

Complex info. Processing

Conscious thought
Reasoning
Memory creation & storage

SLIDE 23

SLIDE 24

Cerebral Space

SLIDE 25

Axons connect CNS - CNS and CNS -PNS

Association, commissural, projection

SLIDE 26