Nationalism Lecture 12: Beyond nationalism? The case of European - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Nationalism Lecture 12: Beyond nationalism? The case of European - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nationalism Lecture 12: Beyond nationalism? The case of European integration Prof. Lars-Erik Cederman Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Center for Comparative and International Studies (CIS) Seilergraben 49, Room G.2


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Nationalism

Lecture 12: Beyond nationalism? The case of European integration

  • Prof. Lars-Erik Cederman

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Center for Comparative and International Studies (CIS) Seilergraben 49, Room G.2 lcederman@ethz.ch http://www.icr.ethz.ch/teaching/nationalism Assistant: Kimberly Sims, CIS, Room E 3, k-sims@northwestern.edu

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Nationalism beyond the nation-state: Supranational Integration

  • Concepts
  • Theory families
  • Democracy in the European Union
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Tree historical situations

States present? No Yes Territorial States Nation- States “Middle Ages” Toward neo- Medievalism? No Nations present? Yes

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Concepts

  • Essentialism vs. Constructivism
  • Second dimension: viability of political

integration defined in terms of:

– policy – institutions – identity: retention or supersession?

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Four theory families

Approach to supra- national integration Retention Supersession Assumption about identity-formation Ethno- nationalism Pan- nationalism Bounded integration Post- nationalism Essentialism Constructivism

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Ethno-nationalism

  • Essentialist, culture-driven logic
  • Rejection of supranationalist

identities as artificial, lacking historical depth

  • Not clear what European culture

stands for

  • Thus, the nation-state will remain

the main locus of identity

  • See A. D. Smith
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Post-Nationalism

  • Constructivist-instrumentalist principles
  • Politics driven by material conditions, and

because of technological development, the scale of political identities grows

  • De-coupling of politics and “deep” culture,

toward a “thin” political culture

  • Habermas’ “constitutional patriotism”
  • Goal: European or cosmopolitan

integration

Jürgen Habermas

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Bounded integration

  • Constructivist-institutionalist

principles

  • Identities “sticky”
  • Reciprocal link between politics and

culture sustained by institutions

  • Nation-state is a stable historical

equilibrium (cf. Gellner, Anderson etc.)

  • Thus, supranationalist identity-

formation is difficult

Ernest Gellner Benedict Anderson

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Pan-Europeanism

  • Romantic movement dating

back to interwar period (Coudenhove-Kalergi, de Rougemont)

  • Myth of European culture
  • Search for “other”
  • Cultural projects of European

Commission

Graf Coudenhove-Kalergi 1894-1972

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Democracy beyond the nation-state?

  • The democratic deficit of the European

Union

  • The “demos” is the popular unit of

people voting in a democracy

  • Key assumptions:

– Historical priority of demos and democracy – Nature of demos

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Ethno-Nationalism

nation as cultural, bounded demos “primacy of demos” democracy

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Post-Nationalism: Civic Voluntarism

“primacy of democratic practice” thin, non-cultural, unbounded demos democratic practice constitution

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Bounded Integration

“tandem hypothesis” partly cultural, bounded demos democracy identity- building institutions

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Institutional mechanisms of identity-formation

  • External

– warfare – other exchanges

  • Internal

– Mass media – Education – Language policy