My y Dig igit ital al Sib iblin ling Andy Fawkes DRAFT as of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

IT2EC London 28 April 2020

My y Dig igit ital al Sib iblin ling

Andy Fawkes DRAFT as of 6-Jan-20

• Digital Twins
• Fidelity
• Capability Life Cycle
• “Digital Sibling”

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Dig igital ital Twin in Definitions initions – Wi Wikipedia ipedia (2 (2020) 020)

Definition Authors

1

"The Digital Twin is a set of virtual information constructs that fully describes a potential or actual physical manufactured product from the micro atomic level to the macro geometrical level. At its optimum, any information that could be obtained from inspecting a physical manufactured product can be obtained from its Digital Twin."

Grieves & Vickers (2016)

2

"A Digital Twin is an integrated multiphysics, multiscale, probabilistic simulation of an as-built vehicle or system that uses the best available physical models, sensor updates, fleet history, etc., to mirror the life of its corresponding flying twin"

Glaessgen & Stargel, (2012)

3

"Coupled model of the real machine that operates in the cloud platform and simulates the health condition with an integrated knowledge from both data driven analytical algorithms as well as other available physical knowledge"

Lee, Lapira, Bagheri, an Kao, (2013)

4

"digital twin is a real mapping of all components in the product life cycle using physical data, virtual data and interaction data between them"

Tao, Sui, Liu, Qi, Zhang, Song, Guo, Lu & Nee, (2018)

5

"a dynamic virtual representation of a physical object or system across its lifecycle, using real-time data to enable understanding, learning and reasoning"

Bolton, McColl-Kennedy, Cheung, Gallen, Orsingher, Witell & Zaki, (2018)

6

"Using a digital copy of the physical system to perform real-time optimization"

Söderberg, R., Wärmefjord, K., Carlson, J. S., & Lindkvist,

• L. (2017)

7

"A digital twin is a real time digital replica of a physical device"

Bacchiega (2017)

8

"A digital twin is a digital replica of a living or non-living physical entity. By bridging the physical and the virtual world, data is transmitted seamlessly allowing the virtual entity to exist simultaneously with the physical entity."

El Saddik, A. (2018)

9

In the context of Digital Built Britain a digital twin is "a realistic digital representation of assets, processes or systems in the built or natural environment"

The Gemini Principles (2018)

• In Real Time
• Over Capability Lifecycle
• Digital twin is the digital

representation of a capability at any given point in time Wh Whic ich h Di Digi gital l Tw Twin? in?

Design & Manufacture - Operation & Training Di Differing ring Us User Pe Persp spective ectives s of

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A Digital Thread is the digital record of all “states” of a Capability

• ver time from

conception to disposal

Source:- Capgemini “Establishing a fully-functional digital twin or digital thread in aviation, aerospace and defense” 9 Feb 2018

But Wait… There’s More!

A Digital Tapestry links all stages of a product’s life cycle, seamlessly connecting conceptualization, design, verification, manufacturing and sustainment to better understand and improve products(s) through life

Lockheed Martin

But Wait… There’s Even Mor

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“an acquisition process in which DoD and industry are enabled by robust, collaborative use of simulation technology that is integrated across acquisition phases and programs.”

US DoD Acquisition Council (1997)

The SBA Vis isio ion

An Architecture for Simulation Based Acquisition, 2000 John F. Keane, Robert R. Lutz, Stephen E. Myers, and James E. Coolahan

JSF SF Di Digi gital al Pr Prod

• duct

uct Da Data (2002) 002)

JSF Digital Product Data - Jim Hollenbach, Simulation Strategies, Inc. JSF Modeling Information Sources Action Team - 25 June 2002

• A Simulation Requires:

– Model(s) – Data – Running over time, real or faster

• Typical Purposes of Analysis or Training
• Digital Twins offer the prospect of consistent

reusable available data for simulations through life

Si Simul ulation ation and nd Di Digi gital al Tw Twin ins

Di Digi gital al Tw Twin in Da Data

Capability Lifecyle Real Data Simulated Data

Si Simul ulation ation Us Usage ge

Capability Lifecyle Training Analysis

Fid idelity elity

• Fit for Purpose
• Cost
• Time

Wh Why is Si y is Simul ulation ation Fi Fide delity lity Im Impo portant? rtant?

• “Simulation fidelity has to do

with how well the simulation responses and results correspond to what the simulation represents.”

• “Fidelity should generally be

described with respect to the measures, standards or perceptions used in assessing

• r stating it.”

Si Simu mulatio lation n Fi Fideli delity ty

SISO F O Fidelit delity y Imp mplem ementation entation Stu tudy dy Gr Group p (9 (99) 9)

All models are approximations. Assumptions, whether implied or clearly stated, are never exactly true. All models are wrong, but some models are useful. So the question you need to ask is not "Is the model true?" (it never is) but "Is the model good enough for this particular application?“

Statistical Control By Monitoring and Adjustment (George Box, Alberto Luceño, Maria del Carmen Paniagua-Quiñones) 2009

“All Models are Wrong”

George Box

Si Simul ulation ation Fi Fide delity lity

RAND Report “Collective Simulation-Based Based Training aining in the e U.S.

• S. Army

my - Use ser r Interface Fidelity, Costs, and Training Effectiveness” (19)

“High physical fidelity does not necessarily produce better training. Psychological fidelity - the degree to which the simulator prompts relevant cognitive, behavioral, and affective responses - is key to effective learning and training transfer.”

Ca Capab pability ility Li Lifecyc fecycle le

The waterfall model is a breakdown of project activities into linear sequential phases, where each phase depends on the deliverables of the previous one and corresponds to a specialisation of tasks.

Wa Waterfal erfall l De Deve velop lopment ment

The left side of the "V" represents the decomposition of requirements, and creation of system specifications. The right side of the "V" represents integration of parts and their validation. Validation can be expressed by the query "Are you building the right thing?" and verification by "Are you building it right?“

V-Mo Mode del

Each phase in spiral model begins with a design goal and ends with the client reviewing the progress with more emphasis placed on risk analysis. Each subsequent spirals builds on the baseline spiral.

Sp Spir iral l De Deve velopment lopment

Effective Use of Synthetic Environments to Support the Acquisition Life Cycle (2003) Peter Jackson, Thales Training & Simulation Ltd. UK

Li Lifecycl cycles es and nd Si Simul ulation ation

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A “Digital Sibling”

Qu Ques estions? tions?