Muography Large Scale Imaging with Cosmic Rays Application in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Muography Large Scale Imaging with Cosmic Rays Application in Geosciences and Engineering Gergő Hamar Wigner RCP Dep.HEP, REGARD

Outline  Application of Cosmic Rays  Detector types  Underground experiments  Volcano imaging  Homeland security 2018. ELFT Muography 2

Application of Cosmic Rays  Cosmic shower → muons wide energy spectrum  Slow energy loss (Bethe­Bloch) → Energy Density*Length of penetration  Applicable for imaging of large scale density inhomogenities  Bare flux ~ 120 Hz/srad/m 2 * cos 2 θ  Detector's relative position → Under good flux, usually difficut place → Sideway low flux, easy access 2018. ELFT Muography 3

Alvarez Experiment  The Use of Comic Rays at the Kefren Pyramid  Alvarez et al., 1968  Expected hidden chamber  Muographed from the tunnel below  No need to open the structure 2018. ELFT Muography 4

Choise of a Detector  Cosmic muons : charged  Angle of incidence → Tracking (?)  Main points for detectors: angular / spatial resolution (10mrad) time resolution (ns­ µ s) robustness vs harsh environment (humidity, 50 o C, day/night var., rain, shock,...) scalability / large surface (0.1­10 m 2 ) cost efficiency remote control? 2018. ELFT Muography 5

Emulsion Detectors  Nuclear emulsion films (AgBr in gelatine) (like in OPERA experiment)  INFN Sez. Napoli  Spatial resolution ~ 1 µ m  Ionization → black grains on the film layers approx 35grains/100 µ m 2018. ELFT Muography 6

Emulsion Detectors  Nuclear emulsion films (AgBr in gelatine) (like in OPERA experiment)  Spatial resolution ~ 1 µ m →  Ionization black grains on the film layers approx 35grains/100 µ m  Multiple layers of micro­tracks → 3 dim tracking 2018. ELFT Muography 7

Emulsion Detectors  Nuclear emulsion films (AgBr in gelatine) (like in OPERA experiment)  INFN Sez. Napoli  Spatial resolution ~ 1 µ m  Ionization → black grains on the film layers approx 35grains/100 µ m  Multiple layers of micro­tracks → 3 dim tracking  Automatised scanning system 2018. ELFT Muography 8

Emulsion Detectors  Nuclear emulsion films (AgBr in gelatine) (like in OPERA experiment)  INFN Sez. Napoli  Spatial resolution ~ 1 µ m  Ionization → black grains on the film layers approx 35grains/100 µ m  Multiple layers of micro­tracks → 3 dim tracking  Automatised scanning system  Portable (lightweight) No power needed for operation  Tracking only offline 2018. ELFT Muography 9

Scintillators  Array of plastic scintillators  Excellent time resolution (reject backward particles?)  Spatial resolution ~ 2­5 cm  Readout : PAMT : reliable, moderate power, high cost/channel SiPM : new, low power, temperature control, dark current →  Few layers (cost!) simple coincidence  Simple operation : widely used  Volcano muography  Japan, Italy, France 2018. ELFT Muography 10

Gaseous Trackers  Multile layers of gaseous chambers  Good spatial resolution ~ 1­10 mm  Several layers → good tracking Used chamber types:  ToMoVul : RPC fast, good resolution, high powerc., high cost, CALICE  Wigner : CCC lightweight, portable, low powerc., moderate cost  Wigner + Tokyo Uni : MWPC good resolution, low powerc., moderate cost  MM : CEA Saclay good resolution, micro­TPC mode, expensive electronics 2018. ELFT Muography 11

ToMoVul  ToMoVul : RPC fast, good resolution, high powerc., high cost, CALICE 2018. ELFT Muography 12

Research aims  Novel approach, real applicability is under investigation (wherever large scale density­change could be meaningful) Cooperation with other techonologies (not exclusive!)  Cultural heritage exploration Kefren pyramid by Alvarez, Pyramid of Giza, Kofun, ...  Volcano understanding and monitoring Etna, Stromboli, Puy de Dome, Sakurajima, ...  Underground trasures Mining, Natural cave search, Oil fields, ...  Industrial applications Underground gas fields, Reactor blocks, ...  Homeland security cargo scan for hidden objects, land/sea/air 2018. ELFT Muography 13

Underground treasures  Muography in Hungary  Main aim : Underground cave exploration  Used technology CCC (modified low material budged MWPCs) 2018. ELFT Muography 14

Underground treasures  Muography in Hungary  Main aim : Underground cave exploration  Used technology : CCC  Tracking with 6­8 layers  Portable design : ~50cm, 10kg Custom DAQ: RPi based Total Power consumption ~ 5W (DAQ, HV, LV, FEE) (can run from car battery) 2018. ELFT Muography 15

Underground treasures  Muography in Hungary  Main aim : Underground cave exploration  Used technology : CCC  Tracking with 6­8 layers  Portable design : ~50cm, 10kg Power consumption ~ 5W (run from car battery)  Tests at the KFKI Jánossy Pit 2018. ELFT Muography 16

Underground treasures  Muography in Hungary  Main aim : Underground cave exploration  Used technology CCC (modified MWPCs)  Tracking with 6­8 layers  Portable design : ~50cm, 10kg Power consumption ~ 5W (custom DAQ)  Tests at the KFKI Jánossy Pit  Measurements at: Molnár János Cave, Sátorkőpuszta, Ajándék Cave in Pilis, Cellars of Kőbánya, Under the Castle of Buda, … 2018. ELFT Muography 17

Underground treasures 2018. ELFT Muography 18

Volcanos  Geoscinece + Paricle physics  Japan, France, Italy, Hungary  Deepen knowledge on Volcanos  Possibility for eruption forecast? 2018. ELFT Muography 19

MMOS  MWPC based Muon Observatory System  Collaboration of Japan, Tokyo University , Earthquake Research Institute Hungary, HAS, Wigner RCP, Det.Phyis.G. Regard  Approach patented  Background suppressed via scatter plates and tracking → array of 8 MWPCs and 5 lead plates  Sakurajima (an active! volcano in Japan)  Installed 3 detector sets (80x80 and 120x80 cm 2 ) new two will be installed in 2018 October  RPi based DAQ, Low power, UPS, Environmental monitoring  System integration: Regular data sending to servers (prepare for monitoring) 2018. ELFT Muography 20

MMOS 2018. ELFT Muography 21

MMOS  Images of Sakurajima 2018. ELFT Muography 22

Software and maths  Shall have good knowledge on Cosmic Ray flux and the surface map + geological assumption  Tomography can use only a few views  Image reconstruction : inversion (non­trivial)  Combine with other methods (electrical, seismic, gravity, ...) 2018. ELFT Muography 23

Homeland Security  Measure the scattering of the muons on the target  Scan of large object  Search for hidden/shielded goods ← high Z material  Usability : large items (containters, trucks, cargo), un­irradiatable items (eg. biological)  Main issue : measurement time, and cost/size 2018. ELFT Muography 24

Summary Muography : novel technique  to measure large scale density inhomogenities → → Cosmic Ray Muon Penetration  → Use of Tracking detectors Density*Length map  (Emulsion, Scintillators, Gaseous detectors) Various applicability  Caves, Pyramids, Volcanos, Homeland security, ... Prototypes are working, however at R&D phase,  may soon be open to Industial interest Signigicant contribution from WignerRCP  2018. ELFT Muography 25