Muography Large Scale Imaging with Cosmic Rays Application in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Muography Large Scale Imaging with Cosmic Rays Application in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Muography Large Scale Imaging with Cosmic Rays Application in Geosciences and Engineering Gerg Hamar Wigner RCP Dep.HEP, REGARD Outline Application of Cosmic Rays Detector types Underground experiments Volcano imaging

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Muography

Large Scale Imaging with Cosmic Rays

Application in Geosciences and Engineering

Gergő Hamar

Wigner RCP

Dep.HEP, REGARD

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  • 2018. ELFT

Muography 2

Outline

 Application of Cosmic Rays  Detector types  Underground experiments  Volcano imaging  Homeland security

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Application of Cosmic Rays

 Cosmic shower

muons → wide energy spectrum

 Slow energy loss (Bethe­Bloch)

Energy Density*Length of penetration →

 Applicable for imaging of large scale density inhomogenities  Bare flux ~ 120 Hz/srad/m2 * cos2θ  Detector's relative position

Under good flux, usually difficut place → Sideway low flux, easy access →

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Muography 4

Alvarez Experiment

 The Use of Comic Rays at the Kefren Pyramid  Alvarez et al., 1968  Expected hidden chamber  Muographed from the tunnel below  No need to open the structure

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Choise of a Detector

 Cosmic muons : charged  Angle of incidence

Tracking (?) →

 Main points for detectors:

angular / spatial resolution (10mrad) time resolution (ns­µs) robustness vs harsh environment (humidity, 50oC, day/night var., rain, shock,...) scalability / large surface (0.1­10 m2) cost efficiency remote control?

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Emulsion Detectors

 Nuclear emulsion films (AgBr in gelatine)

(like in OPERA experiment)

 INFN Sez. Napoli  Spatial resolution ~ 1 µm  Ionization

→ black grains on the film layers approx 35grains/100µm

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Emulsion Detectors

 Nuclear emulsion films (AgBr in gelatine)

(like in OPERA experiment)

 Spatial resolution ~ 1 µm  Ionization

black grains on the film layers → approx 35grains/100µm

 Multiple layers of micro­tracks

3 dim tracking →

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  • 2018. ELFT

Muography 8

Emulsion Detectors

 Nuclear emulsion films (AgBr in gelatine)

(like in OPERA experiment)

 INFN Sez. Napoli  Spatial resolution ~ 1 µm  Ionization

black grains on the film layers → approx 35grains/100µm

 Multiple layers of micro­tracks

3 dim tracking →

 Automatised scanning system

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  • 2018. ELFT

Muography 9

Emulsion Detectors

 Nuclear emulsion films (AgBr in gelatine)

(like in OPERA experiment)

 INFN Sez. Napoli  Spatial resolution ~ 1 µm  Ionization

black grains on the film layers → approx 35grains/100µm

 Multiple layers of micro­tracks

3 dim tracking →

 Automatised scanning system  Portable (lightweight)

No power needed for operation

 Tracking only offline

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  • 2018. ELFT

Muography 10

Scintillators

 Array of plastic scintillators  Excellent time resolution (reject backward particles?)  Spatial resolution ~ 2­5 cm  Readout :

PAMT : reliable, moderate power, high cost/channel SiPM : new, low power, temperature control, dark current

 Few layers (cost!)

simple coincidence →

 Simple operation : widely used  Volcano muography  Japan, Italy, France

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  • 2018. ELFT

Muography 11

Gaseous Trackers

 Multile layers of gaseous chambers  Good spatial resolution ~ 1­10 mm  Several layers

good tracking → Used chamber types:

 ToMoVul : RPC

fast, good resolution, high powerc., high cost, CALICE

 Wigner : CCC

lightweight, portable, low powerc., moderate cost

 Wigner + Tokyo Uni : MWPC

good resolution, low powerc., moderate cost

 MM : CEA Saclay

good resolution, micro­TPC mode, expensive electronics

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  • 2018. ELFT

Muography 12

ToMoVul

 ToMoVul : RPC

fast, good resolution, high powerc., high cost, CALICE

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Research aims

 Novel approach, real applicability is under investigation

(wherever large scale density­change could be meaningful) Cooperation with other techonologies (not exclusive!)

 Cultural heritage exploration

Kefren pyramid by Alvarez, Pyramid of Giza, Kofun, ...

 Volcano understanding and monitoring

Etna, Stromboli, Puy de Dome, Sakurajima, ...

 Underground trasures

Mining, Natural cave search, Oil fields, ...

 Industrial applications

Underground gas fields, Reactor blocks, ...

 Homeland security

cargo scan for hidden objects, land/sea/air

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Muography 14

Underground treasures

 Muography in Hungary  Main aim : Underground cave exploration  Used technology

CCC (modified low material budged MWPCs)

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Underground treasures

 Muography in Hungary  Main aim : Underground cave exploration  Used technology : CCC  Tracking with 6­8 layers  Portable design : ~50cm, 10kg

Custom DAQ: RPi based Total Power consumption ~ 5W (DAQ, HV, LV, FEE)

(can run from car battery)

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Muography 16

Underground treasures

 Muography in Hungary  Main aim : Underground cave exploration  Used technology : CCC  Tracking with 6­8 layers  Portable design : ~50cm, 10kg

Power consumption ~ 5W

(run from car battery)

 Tests at the KFKI Jánossy Pit

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Muography 17

Underground treasures

 Muography in Hungary  Main aim : Underground cave exploration  Used technology

CCC (modified MWPCs)

 Tracking with 6­8 layers  Portable design : ~50cm, 10kg

Power consumption ~ 5W (custom DAQ)

 Tests at the KFKI Jánossy Pit  Measurements at: Molnár János Cave, Sátorkőpuszta,

Ajándék Cave in Pilis, Cellars of Kőbánya, Under the Castle of Buda, …

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Muography 18

Underground treasures

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Volcanos

 Geoscinece + Paricle physics  Japan, France, Italy, Hungary  Deepen knowledge on Volcanos  Possibility for eruption forecast?

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MMOS

 MWPC based Muon Observatory System  Collaboration of

Japan, Tokyo University , Earthquake Research Institute Hungary, HAS, Wigner RCP, Det.Phyis.G. Regard

 Approach patented  Background suppressed via scatter plates and tracking

→ array of 8 MWPCs and 5 lead plates

 Sakurajima (an active! volcano in Japan)  Installed 3 detector sets (80x80 and 120x80 cm2)

new two will be installed in 2018 October

 RPi based DAQ, Low power, UPS, Environmental monitoring  System integration: Regular data sending to servers

(prepare for monitoring)

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Muography 21

MMOS

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MMOS

 Images of Sakurajima

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Software and maths

 Shall have good knowledge on Cosmic Ray flux

and the surface map + geological assumption

 Tomography can use only a few views  Image reconstruction : inversion (non­trivial)  Combine with other methods (electrical, seismic, gravity, ...)

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Homeland Security

 Measure the scattering of the muons on the target  Scan of large object  Search for hidden/shielded goods

high Z material ←

 Usability : large items (containters, trucks, cargo),

un­irradiatable items (eg. biological)

 Main issue : measurement time, and cost/size

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Summary

Muography : novel technique to measure large scale density inhomogenities

Cosmic Ray Muon Penetration → →

Use of Tracking detectors Density*Length map → (Emulsion, Scintillators, Gaseous detectors)

Various applicability Caves, Pyramids, Volcanos, Homeland security, ...

Prototypes are working, however at R&D phase, may soon be open to Industial interest

Signigicant contribution from WignerRCP