Molecular characterisation of fertilizing materials of residual - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Molecular characterisation of fertilizing materials of residual - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Molecular characterisation of fertilizing materials of residual origin for a better understanding of interactions L. LEMEE, I. GASSAM, C. Tu VU, M. SOUBRAND, M. CASELLAS laurent.lemee@univ-poitiers.fr http://ic2mp.labo.univ-poitiers.fr 6th

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Molecular characterisation of fertilizing materials of residual origin for a better understanding of interactions

  • L. LEMEE, I. GASSAM, C. Tu VU, M. SOUBRAND, M. CASELLAS

laurent.lemee@univ-poitiers.fr http://ic2mp.labo.univ-poitiers.fr

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6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management

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Organic w aste in France

NAXOS 2018

  • Households : 354 kg/year/inhabitant
  • Sewage sludge : 20 kg / year/inhabitant
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Landfarming

Interesting solution for organic waste management

  • sustainable contrarily to incineration or landfill
  • accelerates the restoration of soils
  • contributes to carbon immobilization (clay-humic complexes)

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Hasards

Presence of

  • pathogen micro organisms
  • metal trace elements (MTE)
  • organic micro contaminants (OMC)
  • antibiotics, …

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Contamination of soils, crops & finally human food chain

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Implemented prior to land farming contribute to

  • degrade contaminants
  • produce energy
  • reduce the volume thus transportation cost
  • improve agronomic properties

Handling processes

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Correlate the origin and treatment of fertilizing materials with its fate in soils

Objective

Characterise residual organic materials at the global and molecular level

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Thickened sludge Reed bed sludge Limed sludge Digested cattle manure Cattle manure 3 Soils Andosol, Brunisol, Calcosol Filtrated Centri dried Digested sludge Horse manure Pig manure 3 Composts Cahors, Ticol, Berneuil

Sam ples

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71 66 41 15 20 40 60 80 manures sludge compost soil

Organic Matter (%)

16,3 5,7 8,7 9,3 5 10 15 20 manures sludges composts soils

C/N

Elemental analysis

52 50 20 40 60 80 digested limed 5 6,3 5 10 15 20 digested limed

decrease in OM content no improvement of C/N

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Chemical fractionation

Lipids Organic matter Humic substances

CH2Cl2/MeOH

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Biodegradable Refractory organic matter

162 53 55 13 50 100 150 200 sludge manures compost soil

Lipids (mg/g OM)

50 60 50 100 150 200 cattle manure digested

Weakening of OM

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DSC: 2 exotherms

  • 1 : desorption of volatiles (350°C)
  • 2 : oxidation of heavy weight compounds (500°C)

RTGA : Weight loss associated with exo2/exo1 higher for a humified OM

Temperature

1 2

Weight loss (%) temperature difference (°C/mg)

Thermal analysis

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Horse manure

0,7 0,8 0,5 1,1 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 sludge digested limed composted

RTGA

Liming induces a weakening of OM Composting favors humification

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Raw thickened sludge

C16 C18 C18:1

Fatty acids Steroïds

C15 C16:1 C17

aromatics

57 19,1 27 25 7,8 4,1 7 1,4 1,3 1,5 10 20 30 40 50 60

sludge manures compost soil

mg/g OM

fatty acids

Therm ochem olysis – GC/ MS

Pyrolysis at 3 5 0 ° C with in situ methylation (TMAH) molecular information on the lipidic fraction

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Fatty acids

Digested sludge

Bacterial origin iso anteiso linear

C16 C18 C17 C18:1 C15 C14 C12 C10 C20 C22 C24 C16:1 C26

0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 sludges manures composts soils

Long/short

2,3 0,4 3,5 0,1 1 2 3 4 sludge manures compost soil

Branched/linear

Monitor biological activity during treatment & after amendment

Plant origin

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Raw thickened sludge

Steroids

coprostanol cholesterol methyl- ethyl- epicoprostanol cholestanol

  • Coprostanol : faecal origin
  • Ergosterol : fungal origin
  • Sitosterol : plant origin

2 2,9 1,2 8,6 2 4 6 8 10 sludge digested limed composted

Stanols/sterols

■ sterols □ stanols

Dehydration of sterols during composting Hydrogenation of sterols during digestion Specific biomarkers :

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Conclusion

  • Residual OM constitutes an interesting source of Carbon and N for soils
  • All the treatments induce a loss of OM
  • Digestion and liming weaken the OM
  • Composting leads to a stable and humified OM with a good C/N balance
  • Py‐GC/MS provides molecular information

useful to envisage the fate of residual carbon in soils

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Thanks for your attention

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