-MILNET- I ntroduction to Data Networks Introduction to ARPANET - - PDF document

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-MILNET- I ntroduction to Data Networks Introduction to ARPANET - - PDF document

Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET INTRODUCTION TO THE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY NETWORK -ARPANET- AND THE MILITARY NETWORK -MILNET- I ntroduction to Data Networks Introduction to ARPANET and MILNET Components of the


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SLIDE 1

Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET INTRODUCTION TO THE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY NETWORK

  • ARPANET-

AND THE MILITARY NETWORK

  • MILNET-
  • I

ntroduction to Data Networks

  • Introduction to ARPANET and MILNET
  • Components of the Networl<
  • ARPANET and MILNET

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SLIDE 2

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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET

INTRODUCTION TO DATA NETWORKS

  • Provide Data Flow Services to Users
  • Fast, Low-Delay Communications Between

People - People People - Computers Computers - Computers

  • Speedily
  • Reliably
  • Securely
  • Economically

INTRODUCTION TO ARPANET AND MILNET

ARPANET - Research and Development Since Late 1960s MILNET ARPANET Military Network Network Research Network

2

Notes

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SLIDE 3

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  • Network Overview-MILNET

/ ARPANET

OBJECTIVES OF ARPANET

  • Provide Efficient Communications Between

Geographically Separated Heterogeneous Computers

  • Allow Convenient and Economical Sharing of

Hardware, Software and Data Resources

COMPONENTS OF THE NETWORK

  • Terminals
  • Host Computers
  • Lines
  • Nodes (Switches)
  • TACs
  • Network Management

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Notes

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SLIDE 4
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SLIDE 5

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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET

P A C K E T S W I T C H I N G N E T W O R K S

  • Common Network Serves Many Hosts and Users
  • Computers Talk in Bursts and Want Fast Transfer,

Low Delay

  • Packets Allow Efficient Sharing
  • f

Common Circuits

  • Store-and-Forward

THE A C C E S S A N D B A C K B O N E N E T W O R K S

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B a c k b

  • n

e

Network

Notes

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SLIDE 6

I Network Overview-MILNET

/ ARPANET Notes

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THE BACKBONE NETWORK

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  • NODES
  • TRANSMISSION LINKS

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THE BACKBONE NETWORK

IMP Interface Message Processor

  • Interface Hosts to Backbone Network So That They Can

Send and Receive Data Traffic

  • Act as a Tandem Switch So That Intransit Traffic Can Be

I

Properly Directed to Its Destination IMP

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pt

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SLIDE 7

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  • Network Overview-MILNET

/ ARPANET

IMP

  • Dynamic Adaptive Routing
  • Automatic line Monitoring
  • End-to-End Error Control
  • Response to Failures/Congestion
  • Restart Procedures

DYNAMIC ROUTING

  • Route Around Outage or Congestion
  • vs. Predetermined or Fixed Route

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Notes

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SLIDE 8

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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET TRANSMISSION LINKS

  • Land-Analog (50 Kb; 9.6 Kb Europe)
  • Land-Digital (56 Kb)
  • Satellite and Submarine Cable
  • Microwave

THE ACCESS NETWORK

  • Terminals That Use and Are Located at a Single Host

Access Network Through Host Systems

  • Terminals That Use Several Hosts or Are Not Located

Near Primary Host Access Network Through a T AC

  • Through Dedicated Circuit
  • Dial-Up a TAC Port

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Notes

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SLIDE 9

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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET

TAC Terminal Access Controller

  • BBNCC C/30. With 64 K Memory
  • Acts Like Telephone Switchboard
  • Connects Users to Any Authorized Host Computer
  • Controls Access to the Networl< (via IMP)
  • Support Many Users on "1 Circuit" to IMP
  • Network-Terminal Connection is Transparent

CONNECTING TO THE REMOTE HOST

User in Boston

User's Procedures:

  • Prepares His Terminal
  • Alerts the T

AC

  • Logs on Host as User, When Connected

Computer in Los Angeles

  • Continues Session as if Directly Connected to Host

9

Notes

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SLIDE 10

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N E T W O R I < M O N I T O R I N G

AND CONTROL: W H A T C O U L D

G O W R O N G ?

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SLIDE 11

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NETWORK MONITORING A N D CONTROL: WHAT COULD GO WRONG?

  • Lines Go Down or Have Errors
  • Power Failure at the Node
  • Node Software or Hardware Fails
  • Host Loses Connection;)vith Network
  • T

AC G

  • e

s Down

MC RESPONSIBILITIES

  • User Assistance
  • Hotline for Questions and Problems
  • Isolating, Diagnosing and Correcting Problems
  • Verifying the IMP Program
  • Reloading IMPs
  • Looping Lines
  • Coordinating Overall Network Performance
  • Conducting Network Tests
  • Releasing New Software
  • Scheduling Preventative Maintenance
  • Measuring Network Performance
  • Monitoring Status Throughput Summaries
  • Compiling Reports
  • Maintaining the Network Controller's

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SLIDE 12

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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET

NETWORK MONITORING CENTER (Artist's Concept)

Located at BBN; Cambridge MA

ARPANET AND MILNET HISTORY OF ARPANET

  • 1960s ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) Sponsored

Computer Time-Sharing Research at Leading Universities and Research Labs

  • These Projects and Their Computers Provided an Ideal

. Environment for a Pilot Network Project

  • 1967 An Experimental R&D Network (ARPANET) Planned to

Link These Computers

  • To Provide Efficient Communications Between

Heterogeneous Computers, so That Hardware, Software and Data Resources Could Be Economically and Efficiently Shared by a Wide Community of Users 11

Notes

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SLIDE 13

Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET

HISTORY OF ARPANET (Cont)

  • 1969 4 Nodes Installed and Operating
  • Mid 1970s ARPANET Operational as Well as Experimental
  • Operational Responsibility Transferred to

Defense Communications Agency (DCA)

  • 1983 DCA Divided ARPANET Into Two Separate Networks
  • MILNET -

Unclassified Military Network

  • ARPANET - Continuing as a Facility for

Network Research

PROBLEMS FACED IN DEVELOPING ARPANET

  • Reliability
  • Allow Communication Between

Computers of Varying Makes

  • Control Errors
  • Provide High Performance
  • Control Switching Remotely

12

Notes

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SLIDE 14
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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET M I L N E T

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l d w i d e , U n c l a s s i f i e d N e t w

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ARPANET

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P a c k e t s P e r Day 13

Notes

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SLIDE 15

Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET Notes GROWTH OF ARPANET

1969 Supporting 4 Hosts 1971 Supporting 23 Hosts 1974 Supporting 62 Hosts 1977 Supporting 111 Hosts 1984 Supporting 350* Hosts *Before ARPANET/MILNET Split

  • 14
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SLIDE 16
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HAWAII luHH.'
  • ARPANET GEOGRAPHIC MAP, SEPTEMBER 1982
  • 'VVV SATElLITE CIRCUIT
  • C:30 IMP
  • 316 TAC
l:J. C'30 TAC NO IE THIS MAP ODES NOT SHOW ARPA'S FXPERIMENT Al SATEllITE CONNECTIONS. NAMES SHOWN ARE IMP NAMFS, NOT INECESSARll VI HOST NAMES T1NK{R- OKLAHOMA CITY

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SLIDE 17

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SLIDE 18

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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET ARPANET HOST ADMINISTRATOR

  • Actas Advisors to Network Users, MC, Network

Information Center (NIC) and DCA

  • Each Host Has Only One
  • First Point of Contact for Most ARPANET Users
  • Monitor ARPANET Against Unauthorized Use

SECURITY

  • Unlike MILNET, ARPANET Communications Backbone

Contains No Security Features to Insure Privacy or Protection of Information Transiting the Network

17

Notes

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SLIDE 19

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SLIDE 20

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SLIDE 21

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SLIDE 22