[PDF] - -MILNET- I ntroduction to Data Networks Introduction to ARPANET PDF Document

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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET INTRODUCTION TO THE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY NETWORK

ARPANET-

AND THE MILITARY NETWORK

MILNET-
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ntroduction to Data Networks

Introduction to ARPANET and MILNET
Components of the Networl<
ARPANET and MILNET

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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET

INTRODUCTION TO DATA NETWORKS

Provide Data Flow Services to Users
Fast, Low-Delay Communications Between

People - People People - Computers Computers - Computers

Speedily
Reliably
Securely
Economically

INTRODUCTION TO ARPANET AND MILNET

ARPANET - Research and Development Since Late 1960s MILNET ARPANET Military Network Network Research Network

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Network Overview-MILNET

/ ARPANET

OBJECTIVES OF ARPANET

Provide Efficient Communications Between

Geographically Separated Heterogeneous Computers

Allow Convenient and Economical Sharing of

Hardware, Software and Data Resources

COMPONENTS OF THE NETWORK

Terminals
Host Computers
Lines
Nodes (Switches)
TACs
Network Management

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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET

P A C K E T S W I T C H I N G N E T W O R K S

Common Network Serves Many Hosts and Users
Computers Talk in Bursts and Want Fast Transfer,

Low Delay

Packets Allow Efficient Sharing
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Common Circuits

Store-and-Forward

THE A C C E S S A N D B A C K B O N E N E T W O R K S

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I Network Overview-MILNET

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THE BACKBONE NETWORK

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NODES
TRANSMISSION LINKS

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THE BACKBONE NETWORK

IMP Interface Message Processor

Interface Hosts to Backbone Network So That They Can

Send and Receive Data Traffic

Act as a Tandem Switch So That Intransit Traffic Can Be

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Properly Directed to Its Destination IMP

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Network Overview-MILNET

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IMP

Dynamic Adaptive Routing
Automatic line Monitoring
End-to-End Error Control
Response to Failures/Congestion
Restart Procedures

DYNAMIC ROUTING

Route Around Outage or Congestion
vs. Predetermined or Fixed Route

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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET TRANSMISSION LINKS

Land-Analog (50 Kb; 9.6 Kb Europe)
Land-Digital (56 Kb)
Satellite and Submarine Cable
Microwave

THE ACCESS NETWORK

Terminals That Use and Are Located at a Single Host

Access Network Through Host Systems

Terminals That Use Several Hosts or Are Not Located

Near Primary Host Access Network Through a T AC

Through Dedicated Circuit
Dial-Up a TAC Port

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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET

TAC Terminal Access Controller

BBNCC C/30. With 64 K Memory
Acts Like Telephone Switchboard
Connects Users to Any Authorized Host Computer
Controls Access to the Networl< (via IMP)
Support Many Users on "1 Circuit" to IMP
Network-Terminal Connection is Transparent

CONNECTING TO THE REMOTE HOST

User in Boston

User's Procedures:

Prepares His Terminal
Alerts the T

AC

Logs on Host as User, When Connected

Computer in Los Angeles

Continues Session as if Directly Connected to Host

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N E T W O R I < M O N I T O R I N G

AND CONTROL: W H A T C O U L D

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NETWORK MONITORING A N D CONTROL: WHAT COULD GO WRONG?

Lines Go Down or Have Errors
Power Failure at the Node
Node Software or Hardware Fails
Host Loses Connection;)vith Network
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MC RESPONSIBILITIES

User Assistance
Hotline for Questions and Problems
Isolating, Diagnosing and Correcting Problems
Verifying the IMP Program
Reloading IMPs
Looping Lines
Coordinating Overall Network Performance
Conducting Network Tests
Releasing New Software
Scheduling Preventative Maintenance
Measuring Network Performance
Monitoring Status Throughput Summaries
Compiling Reports
Maintaining the Network Controller's

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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET

NETWORK MONITORING CENTER (Artist's Concept)

Located at BBN; Cambridge MA

ARPANET AND MILNET HISTORY OF ARPANET

1960s ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) Sponsored

Computer Time-Sharing Research at Leading Universities and Research Labs

These Projects and Their Computers Provided an Ideal

. Environment for a Pilot Network Project

1967 An Experimental R&D Network (ARPANET) Planned to

Link These Computers

To Provide Efficient Communications Between

Heterogeneous Computers, so That Hardware, Software and Data Resources Could Be Economically and Efficiently Shared by a Wide Community of Users 11

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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET

HISTORY OF ARPANET (Cont)

1969 4 Nodes Installed and Operating
Mid 1970s ARPANET Operational as Well as Experimental
Operational Responsibility Transferred to

Defense Communications Agency (DCA)

1983 DCA Divided ARPANET Into Two Separate Networks
MILNET -

Unclassified Military Network

ARPANET - Continuing as a Facility for

Network Research

PROBLEMS FACED IN DEVELOPING ARPANET

Reliability
Allow Communication Between

Computers of Varying Makes

Control Errors
Provide High Performance
Control Switching Remotely

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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET M I L N E T

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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET Notes GROWTH OF ARPANET

1969 Supporting 4 Hosts 1971 Supporting 23 Hosts 1974 Supporting 62 Hosts 1977 Supporting 111 Hosts 1984 Supporting 350* Hosts *Before ARPANET/MILNET Split

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ARPANET GEOGRAPHIC MAP, SEPTEMBER 1982
'VVV SATElLITE CIRCUIT
C:30 IMP
316 TAC

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Network Overview-MILNET / ARPANET ARPANET HOST ADMINISTRATOR

Actas Advisors to Network Users, MC, Network

Information Center (NIC) and DCA

Each Host Has Only One
First Point of Contact for Most ARPANET Users
Monitor ARPANET Against Unauthorized Use

SECURITY

Unlike MILNET, ARPANET Communications Backbone

Contains No Security Features to Insure Privacy or Protection of Information Transiting the Network

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