Memory of Master and Techniques of Tunis Realised by : Nesrine - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Higher School of Sciences Memory of Master and Techniques of Tunis Realised by : Nesrine KHOUZAMI

Introduction Problematic Existing approaches BonjourGrid Proposed approach Implementations Experimentations Conclusion and perspectives 2

Introduction Desktop grids Problematic Goal Existing approaches Collect many computers when they are inactive. BonjourGrid Address scientific problems that require intensive computing capacity. Proposed approach Examples Implementations SETI@Home, ClimatePrediction@Home, XtremWeb, etc. Experimentations Architectures Conclusion and Centralized, hybrid, decentralized. perspectives Specifications Volatility Heterogeneity Dynamic environment Scalability Unreliability Voluntary participation Failure of resources 3

Introduction The problem of selfishness Problematic Definition Existing Exploit resources disposed by other peers without contributing its approaches own to the system. BonjourGrid Two types of peers: Proposed Selfish approach Contributor Implementations Causes Experimentations Additional cost. No differentiation between selfish and contributor peers. Conclusion and perspectives Lack of incentives. Impacts Move towards the use of client/server paradigm Affect the quality of service. etc. 4

Introduction Problematic Existing approaches BonjourGrid Proposed approach Implementations Experimentations Conclusion and perspectives 5

Introduction Problematic Absence of mechanism for Existing resource reservation in approaches BonjourGrid BonjourGrid Proposed approach Permanent occupation of Implementations resources notebly by selfish peers Experimentations Conclusion and perspectives Use of resources by peers to the detriment of others 6

Introduction Scenario 1 Problematic Existing approaches BonjourGrid B Proposed approach Implementations A C Experimentations Conclusion and perspectives D 7

Introduction Scenario 2 Problematic Existing approaches BonjourGrid A Proposed approach Implementations C Experimentations Conclusion and perspectives B 8

Introduction Problematic Existing approaches BonjourGrid Proposed approach Implementations Experimentations Conclusion and perspectives 9

Introduction Micropayment approaches Problematic Definition Existing approaches The exchange of resources requires a monetary transaction managed by a central authority. BonjourGrid Two modes of exchange : Proposed approach Online Implementations Offline Exemples Experimentations PPay, FairPeers, Karma, etc. Conclusion and perspectives Disadvantages Centralization. Persistent identifiers. etc. 10

Introduction Reciprocity approaches Problematic Definition Existing approaches Prioritizing peers according to their quality of service provided based on historical behavior. BonjourGrid Two types of reciprocity: Proposed approach Direct. Implementations Indirect. Examples Experimentations BitTorrent, PSH. Conclusion and perspectives Disadvantages Sustainability of peers connections. Cost of peers searching. 11

Introduction Reputation appraoches Problematic Definition Existing approaches The level of confidence in such a peer is proportional to its reputation score as a result of its previous interactions. BonjourGrid Two types of reputation : Proposed approach Local. Implementations Global. Properties and challenges Experimentations Calculation model Local control Conclusion and perspectives Metric of reputation Cost of communication Type of reputation Cost of storage Fiability Scalability Examples PeerTrust, EigenTrust, Gupta & al, NICE, H-Trust, XRep. 12

Introduction Problematic Existing approaches BonjourGrid Proposed approach Implementations Experimentations Conclusion and perspectives 13

Introduction Goal Problematic Existing Reduce the factor of centralization. approaches BonjourGrid Benefit from the existing decentralized tools of resources discovery Proposed approach Implementations Build an execution environment in a decentralized, dynamic and autonomous manner. Experimentations Create a computing element composed of a coordinator and Conclusion and participating machines. perspectives 14

Introduction Levels of BonjourGrid Problematic Existing approaches User BonjourGrid A B Proposed approach Implementations Level 1 Experimentations A B Conclusion and perspectives Level 0 B A 15

Introduction Construction of computing element Problematic Existing approaches BonjourGrid 1 Idle CPU frequency Proposed approach Type of processor Implementations Size of the volatile memory IdleService 2 A etc. Idle Experimentations Coordinator Conclusion and perspectives IdleMachineDict MyWorkersDict N Nbre N required Idle 16

Introduction Construction of computing element Problematic Existing approaches workerService BonjourGrid 1 Idle worker Proposed approach Implementations workerRequest MyConfirmation workerService 2 A Idle Experimentations worker Coordinator Conclusion and perspectives workerService N worker Idle 17

Introduction Construction of computing element Problematic Existing approaches coordinatorService BonjourGrid 1 1 CE Idle worker Proposed approach Implementations coordinatorService 2 2 A A Experimentations worker Idle Coordinator Idle Conclusion and perspectives coordinatorService N N worker Idle 18

Introduction Problematic Existing approaches BonjourGrid Proposed approach Implementations Experimentations Conclusion and perspectives 19

Introduction Contribution Problematic Existing approaches Integration of a decentralized BonjourGrid mechanism for resource reservation in BonjourGrid based Proposed approach on scores of peers Implementations Experimentations Conclusion and perspectives Privilege the most The score of a peer is deserving peer and related to its curb any selfish consumption and behavior provision of resources 20

Introduction Adopted context Problematic Existing approaches BonjourGrid Proposed approach Implementations Experimentations Conclusion and perspectives 21

Introduction General overview Problematic Existing approaches Resources reservation Consumption of BonjourGrid from the grid resources Proposed approach Implementations Score Evaluation A computing Experimentations Conclusion and perspectives Resources reservation Provision of for the grid resources 22

Introduction The evaluation of a reservation Problematic Existing approaches BonjourGrid B A Proposed worker Coordinator approach Implementations Experimentations t exec = dateEndAlloc - dateStartAlloc Conclusion and perspectives Cost = t exec * freq B Evaluation of cost 23

Introduction The evaluation of a reservation Problematic <?xml version="1.0" ?> Existing <root> approaches <value num = "1"> <cost> BonjourGrid <costmin>0</costmin> <costmax>1000</costmax> Proposed </cost> approach <valueCP>5</valueCP> </value> Implementations <value num = "2"> <cost> <costmin>1000</costmin> Experimentations <costmax>1500</costmax> </cost> Conclusion and <valueCP>10</valueCP> perspectives </value> <value num = "3"> <cost> <costmin>1500</costmin> <costmax>2000</costmax> </cost> <valueCP>15</valueCP> </value> </root> 24

Introduction Phase of score computing Problematic Existing Providers Consumers approaches BonjourGrid 1 1 Proposed ValueC 1 ValueP 1 approach Implementations Allocate 2 2 Allocate A ValueC 2 ValueP 2 Experimentations scoreG = scoreP-scoreC Conclusion and n perspectives n ValueC n ValueP n VectorC VectorP scoreP scoreC 25

Introduction Phase of score computing Problematic <?xml version="1.0" ?> Existing <root> approaches <hostname>graphene-1 </hostname> <reputationscore>250</reputationscore> BonjourGrid <providers> <provider> Proposed <hostnamep>graphene-2</hostnamep> approach <ValueC>100</ValueC> </provider> Implementations <provider> <hostnamep>graphene-3</hostnamep> <ValueC>150</ValueC> Experimentations </provider> </providers> Conclusion and <consumers> perspectives <consumer> <hostnamec>graphene-4</hostnamec> <ValueP>200</ValueP> </consumer> <consumer> <hostnamec>graphene-5</hostnamec> <ValueP>300</ValueP> </consumer> </consumers> </root> 26

Introduction The model of reservation Problematic Existing approaches BonjourGrid Proposed approach Implementations B A Experimentations scoreG B scoreG A Conclusion and perspectives scoreG B > scoreG A 27