MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Introduction 1/37
MEDI-MEAL
A Reference Guide to Over-the-Counter Drugs Designed by Alexander Chen and Fiona Luo
MEDI-MEAL A Reference Guide to Over-the-Counter Drugs Designed by - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Introduction 1/37 MEDI-MEAL A Reference Guide to Over-the-Counter Drugs Designed by Alexander Chen and Fiona Luo MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Introduction
MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Introduction 1/37
A Reference Guide to Over-the-Counter Drugs Designed by Alexander Chen and Fiona Luo
MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Introduction 2/37
» Many advertisements and campaigns that exist educates society about what foods they consume and how it affects their bodies » The same kind of awareness for medical drugs is difficult to find
source: www.hc-sc.gc.ca
3/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Research
» Aimed towards educating young children and an older audience (50+ years) » Passive approach to educating target group » Research into what the public already knows and what they need to know about medical drugs » Choosing to work with only over-the-counter drugs rather than all pharmaceutical drugs
4/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Research
» Aimed towards educating young children and an older audience (50+ years) » Passive approach to educating target group » Research into what the public already knows and what they need to know about medical drugs » Choosing to work with only over-the-counter drugs rather than all pharmaceutical drugs
5/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Research
» Primary research
» Secondary research
6/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Research
» Primary research
» Secondary research
7/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Research
» Lack of knowledge on over-the-counter drugs » Medication can be taken for wrong symptoms » Lack of educational workshops or awareness of knowledge on medical drugs » Most of the target audience prefers private learning
8/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Conceptualization
» Educate the public about the active ingredients
» Making people aware of what they consume and how it effects their bodies » Aware of the differences between a generic and a brand name drug
9/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Conceptualization
» Developing a workshop kit for users to learn by face-to-face interactions » Implementing a labelling system for over-the-counter drug packages » Creating self-reference books and cards for people to learn at their own leisure
source: Red Cross reference cards, photo taken by Alex Chen source: Mural of Reflective Experience, http://www.idemployee.id.tue.nl/ g.w.m.rauterberg/conferences/CD_doNotOpen/ADC/final_paper/414.pdf source: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/image.cf m?id=11094&type=img&name=tylenol-01.jpg
10/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Conceptualization
» Developing a workshop kit for users to learn by face-to-face interactions » Implementing a labelling system for over-the-counter drug packages » Creating self-reference books and cards for people to learn at their own leisure
source: Red Cross reference cards, photo taken by Alex Chen source: Mural of Reflective Experience, http://www.idemployee.id.tue.nl/ g.w.m.rauterberg/conferences/CD_doNotOpen/ADC/final_paper/414.pdf source: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/image.cf m?id=11094&type=img&name=tylenol-01.jpg
11/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Conceptualization
» Developing a workshop kit for users to learn by face-to-face interactions » Implementing a labelling system for over-the-counter drug packages » Creating self-reference books and cards for people to learn at their own leisure
source: Red Cross reference cards, photo taken by Alex Chen source: Mural of Reflective Experience, http://www.idemployee.id.tue.nl/ g.w.m.rauterberg/conferences/CD_doNotOpen/ADC/final_paper/414.pdf source: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/image.cf m?id=11094&type=img&name=tylenol-01.jpg
12/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Conceptualization
» Having a large enough text size for an older audience to read » Making information clear and understandable » Creating a hierarchy of information
13/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Conceptualization
source: Complete Guide tp Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs source: Guide to Drugs in Canada
14/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Conceptualization
» Simplified » Text heavy
Ibuprofen
Pregnancy: Not usually prescribed. May af- fect the unborn baby and may prolong labour. Discuss with physician. Breast-feeding: The drug passes into the breast milk, but at normal doses adverse effects on the baby are unlikely. Discuss with your physician Infants/children: Reduced dose necessary Over 60: Reduced dose may be necessary Alcohol: Avoid: Alcohol may increase the risk of stomach disorders with ibuprofen Surgery and general anesthetics: Ibupro- fen may prolong bleeding. Discuss the possi- bility of stopping ttreatment tetemporarily with your physician or dentists Special Precautions Via tablet, chewable tablets, gel caps, liquids 4–6 times daily (general pain relief) 3–4 times daily with food (arthirirtis) Pain relief begins in 1–2 hours. The full anti- inflammatory effect in arthritic conditions may not be felt for up to 2 weeks. The dura- tion of action is between 5–10 hours. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as youAcetaminophen.
Is kept in the home to relieve occasional bouts of mild pain and to reduce fever. It is suitable for children as well as adults. one of the primary advantages is that it does not cause stomach upset of bleed- ing problems, making it a useful alternative for people for suffer from peptic ulcers or those who canot tolerate ASA. the drug is also safe for those who are being treated with anticoagulants.Precautions How to take
MethodsOnset of Effect Duration Overdose
Interactions Anticoagulants such as warfarin may need dosage adjustment if acetaminophen is taken regularly in high doses. Cholestyramine reduces the absorbtion of acetamin-15/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Conceptualization
» Use of photography to compensate for complexity of textual information » Reference to cookbooks
source: Jamie Oliver’s “30-minute-meals”
16/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
» One of two parts (handbook) » Acts as a reference guide » Approach to photography
17/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
» FF DINPro, designed by Albert-Jan Pool, as type choice » Perfect bound book » Productolith Gloss 65lbs weight paper » Size is 9”x7”
18/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
19/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
20/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
38 39
ACETAMINOPHEN
PRECAUTIONS
Pregnancy// No Risk with occasional use Infants and Children// Infants 2–3 months on doctor’s advice for post immunization fever. Reduced dose for ages 12 and under. Alcohol// Heavy intake of alcohol with excess acetaminophen may substantially increase the risk of liver injury.
HOW TO TAKE
Tablets, capsules, liquid, or suppositories Adults// 325mg–1g per dose (4g daily) Children (1-5 years)// 60–120mg per dose Children (6-12 years)// 250–500mg per dose Onset of Effect// Within 15–60 mins Duration of Action// Up to 6 hours
> >
RELIEVES MILD PAIN AND REDUCES FEVER.
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
Nausea Rash Vomiting Stomach pain
INTERACTIONS
Anticoagulants such as warfarin may need dosage adjustment if acetaminophen is taken regularly in high doses. Cholestyramine reduces the absorbtion of acetaminophen and may reduce effectiveness
>
BRAND NAMES: ABENO, ATASOL, TEMPRA, TYLENOL AND ALSO MANY OTHERS.
21/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
38 39ACETAMINOPHEN
PRECAUTIONS
Pregnancy// No Risk with occasional use Infants and Children// Infants 2–3 months on doctor’s advice for post immunization fever. Reduced dose for ages 12 and under. Alcohol// Heavy intake of alcohol with excess acetaminophen may substantially increase the risk of liver injury.HOW TO TAKE
Tablets, capsules, liquid, or suppositories Adults// 325mg–1g per dose (4g daily) Children (1-5 years)// 60–120mg per dose Children (6-12 years)// 250–500mg per dose Onset of Effect// Within 15–60 mins Duration of Action// Up to 6 hours> >
RELIEVES MILD PAIN AND REDUCES FEVER.POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
Nausea Rash Vomiting Stomach painINTERACTIONS
Anticoagulants such as warfarin may need dosage adjustment if acetaminophen is taken regularly in high doses. Cholestyramine reduces the absorbtion of acetaminophen and may reduce effectiveness>
BRAND NAMES: ABENO, ATASOL, TEMPRA, TYLENOL AND ALSO MANY OTHERS.22/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
38 39ACETAMINOPHEN
PRECAUTIONS
Pregnancy// No Risk with occasional use Infants and Children// Infants 2–3 months on doctor’s advice for post immunization fever. Reduced dose for ages 12 and under. Alcohol// Heavy intake of alcohol with excess acetaminophen may substantially increase the risk of liver injury.HOW TO TAKE
Tablets, capsules, liquid, or suppositories Adults// 325mg–1g per dose (4g daily) Children (1-5 years)// 60–120mg per dose Children (6-12 years)// 250–500mg per dose Onset of Effect// Within 15–60 mins Duration of Action// Up to 6 hours> >
RELIEVES MILD PAIN AND REDUCES FEVER.POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
Nausea Rash Vomiting Stomach painINTERACTIONS
Anticoagulants such as warfarin may need dosage adjustment if acetaminophen is taken regularly in high doses. Cholestyramine reduces the absorbtion of acetaminophen and may reduce effectiveness>
BRAND NAMES: ABENO, ATASOL, TEMPRA, TYLENOL AND ALSO MANY OTHERS.23/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
38 39ACETAMINOPHEN
PRECAUTIONS
Pregnancy// No Risk with occasional use Infants and Children// Infants 2–3 months on doctor’s advice for post immunization fever. Reduced dose for ages 12 and under. Alcohol// Heavy intake of alcohol with excess acetaminophen may substantially increase the risk of liver injury.HOW TO TAKE
Tablets, capsules, liquid, or suppositories Adults// 325mg–1g per dose (4g daily) Children (1-5 years)// 60–120mg per dose Children (6-12 years)// 250–500mg per dose Onset of Effect// Within 15–60 mins Duration of Action// Up to 6 hours> >
RELIEVES MILD PAIN AND REDUCES FEVER.POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
Nausea Rash Vomiting Stomach painINTERACTIONS
Anticoagulants such as warfarin may need dosage adjustment if acetaminophen is taken regularly in high doses. Cholestyramine reduces the absorbtion of acetaminophen and may reduce effectiveness>
BRAND NAMES: ABENO, ATASOL, TEMPRA, TYLENOL AND ALSO MANY OTHERS.24/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
38 39ACETAMINOPHEN
PRECAUTIONS
Pregnancy// No Risk with occasional use Infants and Children// Infants 2–3 months on doctor’s advice for post immunization fever. Reduced dose for ages 12 and under. Alcohol// Heavy intake of alcohol with excess acetaminophen may substantially increase the risk of liver injury.HOW TO TAKE
Tablets, capsules, liquid, or suppositories Adults// 325mg–1g per dose (4g daily) Children (1-5 years)// 60–120mg per dose Children (6-12 years)// 250–500mg per dose Onset of Effect// Within 15–60 mins Duration of Action// Up to 6 hours> >
RELIEVES MILD PAIN AND REDUCES FEVER.POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
Nausea Rash Vomiting Stomach painINTERACTIONS
Anticoagulants such as warfarin may need dosage adjustment if acetaminophen is taken regularly in high doses. Cholestyramine reduces the absorbtion of acetaminophen and may reduce effectiveness>
BRAND NAMES: ABENO, ATASOL, TEMPRA, TYLENOL AND ALSO MANY OTHERS.25/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
38 39ACETAMINOPHEN
PRECAUTIONS
Pregnancy// No Risk with occasional use Infants and Children// Infants 2–3 months on doctor’s advice for post immunization fever. Reduced dose for ages 12 and under. Alcohol// Heavy intake of alcohol with excess acetaminophen may substantially increase the risk of liver injury.HOW TO TAKE
Tablets, capsules, liquid, or suppositories Adults// 325mg–1g per dose (4g daily) Children (1-5 years)// 60–120mg per dose Children (6-12 years)// 250–500mg per dose Onset of Effect// Within 15–60 mins Duration of Action// Up to 6 hours> >
RELIEVES MILD PAIN AND REDUCES FEVER.POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
Nausea Rash Vomiting Stomach painINTERACTIONS
Anticoagulants such as warfarin may need dosage adjustment if acetaminophen is taken regularly in high doses. Cholestyramine reduces the absorbtion of acetaminophen and may reduce effectiveness>
BRAND NAMES: ABENO, ATASOL, TEMPRA, TYLENOL AND ALSO MANY OTHERS.26/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
64 65
SIMETHICONE
HOW TO TAKE
Tablets, chewable tablets, capsules, liquid drops General Dosage// 40mg per 0.6mL with liquid drops, 40mg/80mg/125mg chewable tablets 60mg/95mg tablets, 125mg capsules Can be taken after each meal or at
500mg every 24 hours RELIEVE PAIN CAUSED BY GAS
> >
PRECAUTIONS
Simethicone is not absorbed by the body into the bloodstream, and is therefore considered relatively safe. Pregnancy// Tell your doctor if you are pregnant before using this medication. Breast-feeding// It is not known if this medication passes into breast milk. Infants and Children// Dose must be determined by doctor
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: Hives Diffjculty breathing Swelling of face, lips, tongue or throat.
INTERACTIONS
There are no known drug interactions with simethecone.
PRODUCT NAMES: PHAZYME, FLATULEX, MYLICON, GAS-X, MYLANTA GAS
>
27/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
54 55
CALCIUM CARBONATE
PRECAUTIONS
Pregnancy// Safety not established. Breast-feeding// The drug passes into the breast milk and may affect the baby. Infants and Children// Reduced dose is necessary.
HOW TO TAKE
Tablet, chewable tablet, capsule, and liquid Adults// 1250–3750mg every 24 hours in 2–4 divided doses Children Over 1 Year// 112–162mg every 24 hours in 4 divided doses RELIEVES HEARTBURN, ACID INDIGESTION AND UPSET STOMACH
> >
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
Upset stomach Vomiting Stomach pain Belching Constipation Dry mouth Increased urination Loss of appetite
INTERACTIONS
Do not take calcium carbonate within 1–2 hours of taking other
decrease the effectiveness of other medications.
PRODUCT NAMES: ALKA MINTS, CALEL-D, CHOOZ, ROLAIDS CALCIUM RICH, TITRALAC AND TUMS
>
28/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
52 53
BISACODYL
PRECAUTIONS
Pregnancy// Safety not established. Infants and Children// Not recommended for children under 6 years of age without medical advice.
HOW TO TAKE
Tablets, suppositories, or liquid Orally// 5-15mg by tablet Suppository// 10mg Onset of Effect// 6–8 hours with tablet. 30 minutes by suppository. Duration of Action// Up to 24 hours. TREATMENT OF OCCASIONAL CONSTIPATION
> >
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
Abdominal pain/discomfort Dizziness Diarrhea Muscle weakness Suppositories and enema: Local irritation/painful sensation
INTERACTIONS
Diuretics: prolonged use of bisacodle can affect electrolyte balance, which can be potentiated further with diuretic use. Digoxin: changed in electrolytes with bisacodyl can increase the effect of digoxin
PRODUCT NAMES: ALOPHEN, BISAC-EVAC, CARTER’S, DULCOLAX, FLEET, TRIDATE
>
29/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
40 41
ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID (ASA)
PRECAUTIONS
Pregnancy// Not usually recommended. An alternative drug may be safer. Breast-feeding// The drug passes into the breast milk. Infants and Children// Do not give to children under 16 years, except on a physician’s advice Over 60// Adverse effects more likely Alcohol//
likelihood of stomach irritation with this drug
HOW TO TAKE
Tablets or suppositories Relief of pain or fever// 300–900mg per dose. Every 4–6 hours, as necessary, with or after food or milk. Prevention of blood clots// 75–300mg once daily. Onset of Effect// 30–60 minutes (regular aspiriin), 1.5–8 hours (coated tablets or SR- capsules) Duration of Action// Up to 12 hours. Effect persists for several days when used to prevent blood clotting. RELIEVES ACHES AND PAINS, REDUCES FEVER, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND REDUCES CLOTTING
> >
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
Stop taking drug now and seek immediate medical advice in case these symptoms occur: Restlessness Stomach pain Ringing noises in the ears Blurred vision Vomiting
INTERACTIONS
May add to the anticoagulant effect of such drugs, leading to an increased risk of abnormal bleeding. May reduce the effect of drugs made for gout. Corticosteroids may increase the risk of stomach bleeding. NSAIDs may increase the likelihood
May increase the toxicity of Methotrexate May increase the effect of oral antidiabetic drugs.
PRODUCT NAMES: ASPIRIN, COATED ASPIRIN, ENTROPHEN, NOVASEN
>
30/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
12 13
CHLORPHENIRAMINE
PRECAUTIONS
Pregnancy// Safety not established. Breast-feeding// Safety not established. Infants and Children// Reduced dose necessary. Over 60// Reduced dose necessary. Increased likelihood of adverse effects. Driving and Hazardous Work// Can cause drowsiness, dizziness and blurred vision. Alcohol// May increase the sedative effects of this drug.
HOW TO TAKE
Tablets, repetabs, liquid, injection. Adult// Every 4–6 hours at a maximum of 12–24mg daily Children// Reduced accordingly to height and weight of child Onset of Effect// 60 minutes Duration of Action// 4–6 hours RELIEVES ALLERGIC SKIN SYMPTOMS SUCH AS ITCHING, SWELLING AND REDNESS, REDUCES SNEEZING AND THE RUNNY NOSE AND ITCHING EYES
> >
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
Drowsiness/dizziness Digestive disturbances Diffjculty in passing urine Dry mouth Blurr ed vision Excitation Rash
INTERACTIONS
Anticholingeric drugs and similar drugs to it are likely to increase the anticholingeric drug of chloriniramine. The effects of phenytoin may be enhanced by chlorpheniramine. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricylic antidepressants may increase the side effects of chlorpheniramine. All drugs with a sedative effect are likely to increase the sedative properties of chlorpheniramine.
PRODUCT NAMES: ALLER-CHLOR, CHLORPHEN-12, CHLOR-TRIPOLON, PEDIATAN, RIDRAMINMYCELEX, TYLENOL COLD/ALLERGY
>
31/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
» Quick reference guide » Approach to photography
32/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Final Prototype
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35/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Conclusion
» Adding more over the counter drugs » Adding more categories
36/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Conclusion
» Educate the public about the active ingredients
» Making people aware of what they consume and how it effects their bodies » Aware of the differences between a generic and a brand name drug
37/37 MEDI-MEAL: A Reference Guide to Over the Counter Drugs // Conclusion