MEASURING SPEAKERS Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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MEASURING SPEAKERS Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

MEASURING SPEAKERS Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019 AMPS AND SPEAKERS CANNOT EXIST WITHOUT EACH OTHER The traditional crossover is a dinosaur Commercial speaker systems are self contained with electronic


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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

MEASURING SPEAKERS

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

AMPS AND SPEAKERS CANNOT EXIST WITHOUT EACH OTHER

  • The traditional crossover is a dinosaur
  • Commercial speaker systems are self contained with electronic crossovers and multiple amps

all matched to varying degrees.

  • Most are designed in Asia by teams with little sensitivity to the finer points in audio.
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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

WHY ARE YOU TESTING YOUR SPEAKERS?

  • Identify a problem
  • Confirm performance per design
  • T

esting components before the design phase

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

SPEAKER PROBLEMS

  • Frequency response
  • Distortion
  • Driver compression
  • Rub and Buzz
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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

DRIVER PROBLEM AREAS

  • Voice coil alignment
  • Voice coil centering
  • Lead out flex hitting the cone
  • Polarity Reversed
  • Surround not stiff enough or too stiff
  • Cone issues
  • Loose stuff under the dome
  • Spider breakdown
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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

WHAT TO TEST FOR

  • Response
  • Distortion
  • Noises
  • Polarity
  • Sensitivity
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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

TOO MANY OPTIONS

  • Frequency response
  • At what SPL?
  • Compression?
  • Which angle?
  • Distortion
  • 2nd and 3rd harmonics
  • IM?
  • Distortion vs. level?
  • Delayed resonances
  • Or stored energy?
  • Impedance vs frequency
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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

ACOUSTIC TEST ENVIRONMENT

  • Anechoic

Even if you have the room its too small!

  • Ground Plane The most practical and easiest to implement if you have space
  • Near field high frequency windowed Only good to 500 Hz if you are lucky.
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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

ANECHOIC CONSTRUCTION

Concrete walls Suspected and isolated from the building and ground Fiberglass wedges that are 3’ long on all surfaces Expensive and special

  • purpose. Not for listening.

Not really needed for speakers anymore.;

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

GROUND PLANE MEASUREMENT

Typically 6 feet (2M) Floor must be hard and preferably rigid (concrete, hardwood, tile). 6 feet corrects for the acoustic gain from the reflecting surface

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

GROUND PLANE MEASUREMENT -2

Reflections determine the low frequency limit for accuracy. The relationship to work with: Sound travels around 1 foot per

  • mS. 1 mS is the

reciprocal of 1

  • KHz. So a 10 mS

first reflection will limit you to 100Hz.

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

GROUND PLANE MEASUREMENT -3

Hard surfaces are better for this since determining the reflection is

  • easy. Soft surfaces

blur the reflections by absorbing the high frequencies so the waves become harder to see.

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

WHAT WE ARE OFTEN REDUCED TO

Set up microphone and speaker around 1 meter apart in a room and hope for the best. Reflections will degrade the measurement. You can still sort out a number of aspects. Measure at different lengths so separate room, driver and cabinet diffreaction

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

EQUIPMENT

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

DEDICATED SYSTEM

  • Pro level
  • Listen
  • AP
  • Etc.
  • Clio
  • Clio Pocket
  • Praxis
  • Omnimic
  • Quantasylum

Complete solutions needing only a PC with dedicated hardware for measuring speaker systems. More focus on manufacturing than R&D.

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

PC + MIKE SYSTEMS

  • ARTA
  • REW
  • Others
  • Minidsp Umike
  • UMM6
  • Similar microphones

Software that works with soundcards and more standardized microphones

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

DIY SUITABLE TEST EQUIPMENT

  • Packaged: Easy to setup and get useful info somewhat limited in measurement capability
  • Omnimic
  • Clio Pocket
  • Umike + REW
  • “Assembled” need you to buy a microphone Used by hobbyists and some professionals Cost effective
  • Software
  • ARTA
  • REW
  • Hardware
  • Focusrite
  • Behringer
  • Dayton
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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES

  • What is different
  • Directional performance of an omni measurement microphone
  • How to use and not use
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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

3 MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES

How the marketing department wants them to look B&K 4135 ¼” free field microphone $$$$$ Nady CM100 Measurement microphone $ Girardin microphone $?

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

ACTUAL MEASURED PERFORMANCE

Nady Bruel & Kjaer 4135 Girardin 1 dB per division and 2KHz to 50 KHz. The Nady can be “calibrated” to maybe 30 KHz with a correction file. Without you will probably boost the top end if you attempt to correct that far. Real measurements in “compromised” conditions of three microphones using a Pioneer ribbon tweeter. The B&K is very expensive. The Girardin is an ECM microphone capsule ($1) on the end of a 12” brass tube. The Nady is a used mike from

  • eBay. Within limits they can all

work if you know what to expect.

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

ON AXIS VS OFF AXIS RESPONSE

Even the best microphones cannot defy mother nature. On axis they will have a rising response compared to off axis starting at some frequency depending on dimensions. For a 1” mike the differences start at 1 KHz. ½” 2 KHz and ¼” 4 KHz. Know how your mike is calibrated.

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

WHY THE HIGH FREQUENCIES ARE BOOSTED ON A FREE FIELD MICROPHONE

There is a pressure buildup

  • n the surface of a plane

normal the the acoustic wave. It peaks at 6 dB when the wavelength matches the diameter.

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

ON AXIS AND GRAZING (90°) RESPONSE NADY MICROPHONE

On Axis Grazing Note the difference with the grazing incidence dropping at an increasing rate. 2.5 dB

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS

  • i. They can all lie
  • ii. Interpreting the output.
  • 1. If it doesn’t look right its probably wrong and usually cockpit error
  • 2. Have a known reference around, ALWAYS!
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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

ELECTRICAL TEST

  • Impedance
  • Principles
  • Voltage across driver
  • Current through driver
  • Ohms law (for AC)
  • Follow software vendors instructions
  • Use a known resistor to verify
  • Drivers change with level T

est at low level for Thiele/Small parameters

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

ACOUSTIC TESTS

  • Response
  • Distortion
  • Waterfall
  • ETC or Analytic
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CRUDE TEST

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IMPULSE RESPONSE

Direct Reflections

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

UNWINDOWED

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

WINDOWED: CORRECTED FOR WOOFER DELAY

Phase transition

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

WINDOWED: CORRECTED FOR TWEETER DELAY

Phase transition

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ETC OR ENERGY VS TIME

Initial Peak First reflection More junk

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

CUMULATIVE SPECTRAL DECAY OR WATERFALL

Initial response Decay

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ARTA RECORD SCREEN

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

ARTA IMPULSE

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ARTA RESPONSE

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ARTA ENERGY TIME CURVE

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ARTA WATERFALL

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ARTA BURST DECAY

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

REW

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

REW MEASUREMENT SCREEN

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REW LEVEL AND PHASE

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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

NOW THAT YOU HAVE THIS WHAT TO MAKE OF IT?

  • Things to fix
  • Driver balance
  • Broad peaks and dips
  • Crossover stuff
  • Cabinet diffraction
  • Driver spacing
  • Things to not fix
  • Deep sharp notches you won’t hear them. The fix is worse than the problem
  • Noises: driver response problems. Replace the driver.
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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

HANDS ON TESTING ELECTRONICS

  • Electronics
  • Quantasylum
  • Suite of measurements
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Demian Martin Product Design Service Burning Amp Workshop 2019

HANDS ON TESTING SPEAKERS

  • Praxis
  • Measure impedance
  • On Axis frequency response
  • Distortion??
  • Waterfall (CSD)